Astrapotheriidae
| Astrapotheriidae Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Life reconstruction of Astrapotherium magnum
| |
| |
| Life reconstruction of Granastrapotherium snorki
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | †Astrapotheria |
| Family: | †Astrapotheriidae Ameghino 1887 |
| Genera | |
|
See text | |
Astrapotheriidae is an
Trigonostylopidae
.
Around 1900, Argentine paleontologist
Lake Colhué Huapi in Patagonia and grouped them into three genera: Parastrapotherium, Astrapotherium, and Astrapothericulus. It was obvious to Ameghino that these species represented a great diversity, ranging in size from a peccary to a rhinoceros, but his description was based entirely on fragmentary and not always comparable dental remains. Other expeditions to Patagonia have subsequently recovered considerably more complete materials.[1]
Genera
According to
Maddenia (Early Oligocene), and Parastrapotherium (Late Oligocene-Early Miocene). Most genera have been found in Patagonia and adjacent areas in Argentina and Chile; whereas members of Uruguaytheriinae have been found further north: Xenastrapotherium (Late Oligocene-Middle Miocene of northern South America), Granastrapotherium (Middle Miocene of Colombia), Uruguaytherium (uncertain age, from Uruguay).[2] According to Kramarz & Bond 2009, the genus Maddenia is a small, pre-Deseadan form of later astrapotheriids.[3] Simpson 1945 grouped Albertogaudrya together with Astraponotus in the subfamily Albertogaudryinae, synonymous with Albertogaudryidae Ameghino 1901.[4] Bond et al. 2011 concluded that a comprehensive evaluation is required regarding astrapotherids.[5]
- Incertae sedis
- Subfamily Albertogaudryinae Simpson 1945
- Subfamily Astrapotheriinae
- Subfamily Uruguaytheriinae
Notes
- ^ Kramaz & Bond 2010, Introduction, p. 183
- ^ Goillota et al. 2011, Introduction
- ^ Kramarz & Bond 2009, Abstract
- ^ Simpson 1945, p. 130
- ^ Bond et al. 2011, Relationships
- S2CID 130728894.
References
- Ameghino, Florentino (1887). Apuntes preliminares sobre algunos mamíferos estinguidos del yacimiento de "Monte Hermoso" existentes en el "Mueso La Plata". Buenos Aires. )
- Ameghino, Florentino (1891). "Los monos fósiles del Eoceno de la República Argentina" (PDF). Revista Argentina de Historia Natural. 1 (6). Buenos Aires: 383–397. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- Ameghino, Florentino (1895). Première contribution à la connaissance de la faune mammalogique des couches à Pyrotherium. Buenos Aires: P.E. Coni.
- Ameghino, Florentino (1897). "Mamiferos Cretaceos de la Argentina. Segunda contribucion al conocimiento de la fauna mastologica de las capas con restos de Pyrotherium". Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino. 18: 406–521.
- Ameghino, Florentino (1901). "Notices préliminaires sur des ongulés des terrains Crétacés de Patagonie". Boletín de la Academia de Ciencias en Córdoba. 16: 349–426. OCLC 123174974.
- Bond, Mariano; Kramarz, Alejandro; Macphee, Ross D. E.; Reguero, Marcelo (June 2011). "A New Astrapothere (Mammalia, Meridiungulata) from La Meseta Formation, Seymour (Marambio) Island, and a Reassessment of Previous Records of Antarctic Astrapotheres" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (3718): 1–16. S2CID 58908785. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- Burmeister, Hermann (1879). Description physique de la République Argentine : d'après des observations personnelles et étrangères. Vol. 3 Animaux vertébrés, 1. partie, Mammifères vivants et éteints. Paris: Savy. p. 520. OCLC 162707154.
- Goillota, Cyrielle; Antoinea, Pierre-Olivier; Tejadab, Julia; Pujosc, François; Gismondid, Rodolfo Salas (2011). "Middle Miocene Uruguaytheriinae (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Peruvian Amazonia and a review of the astrapotheriid fossil record in northern South America" (PDF). Geodiversitas. 33 (2): 331–345. ]
- Johnson, Steven C.; Madden, Richard H. (1997). "Uruguaytheriine Astrapotheres of Tropical South America". In Kay, Richard F.; Madden, Richard H.; Cifelli, Richard L.; Flynn, John J. (eds.). Vertebrate paleontology in the neotropics : the Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. pp. 355–82. OCLC 30320084.
- Kraglievich, Lucas (1928). Sobre el supuesto Astrapotherium Christi Stehlin, descubierto en Venezuela (Xenastrapotherium n. gen.) y sus relaciones con Astrapotherium magnum y Uruguaytherium Beaulieui. Buenos Aires: La Editorial Franco-Argentina. OCLC 20881142.
- Kramarz, Alejandro G; Bond, Mariano (2009). "A new oligocene astrapothere (Mammalia , Meridiungulata) from Patagonia and a new appraisal of astrapothere phylogeny". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 7 (1): 117–128. S2CID 85351962.
- Kramarz, Alejandro; Bond, Mariano (2011). "A new early Miocene astrapotheriid (Mammalia, Astrapotheria) from Northern Patagonia, Argentina". Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie, Abhandlungen. 260 (3): 277–87. OCLC 740850188.
- Kramaz, Alejandro G.; Bond, Mariano (2010). "Colhuehuapian Astrapotheriidae (Mammalia) from Gran Barranca south of Lake Colhue-Huapi". In Madden, Richard H.; Carlini, Alfredo A.; Vucetich, Maria Guiomar (eds.). The Paleontology of Gran Barranca: Evolution and Environmental Change Through the Middle Cenozoic of Patagonia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521872416. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- Simpson, George Gaylord (1945). The principles of classification and a classification of mammals. Bulletin of the AMNH. Vol. 85. New York: American Museum of Natural History. OCLC 341579.
- Simpson, George Gaylord (1957). "A new Casamayoran astrapothere". Revista del Museo Municipal de Ciencias Naturales y Tradicional de Mar del Plata. 1 (3): 11–18. OCLC 81633287.
External links
- "Astrapotheriidae". GBIF Portal. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 9 March 2013. Astrapotheriidae occurrences distribution map
- Astrapotheriidae in the Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 9 March 2013.