Attendorn
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Attendorn | |
---|---|
Location of Attendorn within Olpe district | |
Coordinates: 51°07′N 07°54′E / 51.117°N 7.900°E | |
Country | Germany |
State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
Admin. region | Arnsberg |
District | Olpe |
Government | |
• Mayor (2020–25) | Christian Pospischil[1] (SPD) |
Area | |
• Total | 97.86 km2 (37.78 sq mi) |
Elevation | 257 m (843 ft) |
Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
• Total | 24,448 |
• Density | 250/km2 (650/sq mi) |
Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
Postal codes | 57439 |
Dialling codes | 02722 |
Vehicle registration | OE |
Website | www.attendorn.de |
Attendorn (German: [ˈatn̩dɔʁn] ⓘ) is a German town in the Olpe district in North Rhine-Westphalia. As of 2019 it had a population of 24,264.
History
The town's location was favoured by the good climate in the Attendorn-Elsper Limestone Double Basin (Attendorn-Elsper-Kalkdoppelmulde), the fruitful soil and favourable transport potential, and was already attracting people in prehistoric times. Heavier settlement, however, can be traced only as far back as the Middle Ages.
The town lies at the crossroads of two former long-distance roads, the Heidenstraße (“Heath Road”) and the so-called Königsstraße (“King’s Road”). Here, in
In 1222, town rights, on the Soest model, were granted the town under Engelbert II of Berg. Schnellenberg Castle, built about 1200, and the acquisition of the Waldenburg (another castle) in 1248 served to safeguard Cologne's interests in the region.
Attendorn's heyday was brought about not only by its nine
By about 1200, Attendorn was already home to one of the archbishopric's
From the early 14th century until today there has existed a
Four times, in 1464, 1597, 1598 and 1613, the Plague beset the town. Great fires, too, ravaged the town in 1613, 1623, 1656, 1710, 1732, 1742 and 1783. The one in 1656 destroyed half the town. Attendorn also suffered as a result of war, sackings and occupations. Examples include the War of the Limburg-Hohenlimburg Succession in 1280, the Soest Feud from 1444 to 1449, the Truchsess War in 1583 and 1584 and the Thirty Years' War from 1618 to 1648. Attendorn reached its deepest economic despair in Napoleonic times, only recovering from the downturn in the mid-19th century.
The rise of Nazis and the
Geography
The town of Attendorn lies in the Naturpark Ebbegebirge, right on the Biggesee (lake) in the district's northwest. The town's highest point is the Rüenhardt (636 m), whereas the Ahauser Stausee (reservoir) has an elevation of only 248 m. The municipal area comprises 97 km², roughly half of which is wooded. It is a part of South Westphalia.
Constituent communities
Attendorn is subdivided into the following communities (with population figures):[5] Albringhausen (91), Attendorn (13,684), Berlinghausen (20), Beukenbeul (291), Biekhofen (623), Biggen (55), Borghausen (26), Bremge bei Ennest (7), Bremge/Biggesee (37), Bürberg (49), St. Claas (182), Dahlhausen (6), Dünschede (650), Ebbe, Forsthaus (2), Ebbelinghagen (36), Eichen (30), Ennest (2,039), Erlen (36), Ewig (24), Fernholte (4), Hebberg (39), Helden (1,144), Hofkühl (14), Hohen Hagen (8), Holzweg (406), Jäckelchen (15), Keseberg (29), Keuperkusen (11), Kraghammer (66), Lichringhausen (516), Listerscheid (161), Mecklinghausen (196), Merklinghausen (17), Milstenau (80), Neuenhof (429), Neu-Listernohl (1,195), Niederhelden (324), Nuttmecke (23), Papiermühle (111), Petersburg (535), Rauterkusen (38), Rautersbeul (3), Repe (158), Rieflinghausen (75), Röllecken (478), Roscheid (21), Schnellenberg (8), Silbecke (93), Uelhof (17), Voßsiepen (3), Wamge (204), Weltringhausen (29), Weschede (60), Weuste (18), Windhausen (668) and Wörmge (24).
Population development
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Politics
Mayor
Owing to a fire that damaged the town in 1783, no information from before then is available.
Mayors (1783–1804)
- 1783-1804: Franz Anton Plange
- 1783: Johann Eberhard Hoberg
- 1783-1784: Johann Emmerich Gottfried Joanvahrs
- 1786-1794: Johann Pieper
- 1790-1796: Johann Arnold Gertmann
- 1791-1793: Dr. Theodor Greve
- 1800-1802: Ferdinand Dingerkus
- 1802-1804: Johann Greve
- 1804: [Stephan?] Dingerkus
Stadtschultheiße (1812–1826)
A Schultheiß in German history was an official somewhat akin to a sheriff in England.
- 1812-1818: Johann Anton Goebel
- 1818-1826: Adolf Salomon
Mayors from 1826
- 1826-1829: Adolf Salomon
- 1829-1832: Kaspar Belke
- 1832-1835: Eberhard Belke
- 1835-1862: Arnold Becker
- 1862-1864: Franz Lex
- 1864-1865: Ferdinand Wurzer
- 1865-1866: Eberhard Wilmes (acting mayor during a vacancy)
- 1866-1908: Richard Heim
- 1908-1911: Heinrich Tück
- 1911-1919: Dr. Theodor Laymann
- 1920-1932: Wilhelm Hennemann
- 1932-1933: Hans Becker (commissary)
- 1933-1934: Peter Struif (NSDAP)
- 1934-1945: Josef Schütte (NSDAP)
- 1945: Dr. Wolfram Ebers (CDU)
- 1945-1946: Dr. Johannes Weber (CDU)
- 1946: Josef Mayworm (SPD)
- 1946-1948: Robert Schmidt (CDU)
- 1948-1949: Erich Berghoff (CDU)
- 1949-1950: August Bruse (SPD)
- 1951-1952: Robert Schmidt (CDU)
- 1952-1969: Alois Albus (CDU)
- 1969-1978: Karl Hammer (CDU)
- 1978-1994: Josef Rüenauver (CDU) – Honorary Mayor
- 1994-2009: Alfons Stumpf (SPD)
- 2009-2014: Wolfgang Hilleke (independent)
- since 2014: Christian Pospischil (SPD)
Coat of arms
The town's arms show the black cross of the Electorate of Cologne on a white/silver background with a waxing crescent moon in the upper left (or right – dexter – in heraldry). The oldest surviving town seal, from 1243, shows Saint Peter, patron of the Archbishopric of Cologne, with his key and a half moon next to his head, and in later seals enthroned on the Electorate's shield. In 1910, the coat of arms was officially approved in its current form, and after municipal reform, it was also approved for further use in 1970. The half moon was used as a symbol for John the Baptist, who was also to be found as the parish's holy protector in early secret seals.
Culture and sightseeing
Customs
Easter customs
Attendorners practise many specific Easter customs, among them the Semmelsegnen – which might be translated "Blessing of the Buns" – on Easter Saturday, and the felling, erection and burning of the Easter Crosses on Easter Saturday and Sunday.
Semmelsegnen
The Attendorn Easter bread, called Ostersemmel – “Easter bun” – is a mixed bread with caraway baked in local bakeries in the week leading up to Easter. Especially striking about these buns are the notches at each end that look somewhat like a fish's fins. This is an old Christian symbol. On Easter Saturday at 14:00, Attendorners gather outside the parish church to have their buns blessed by the minister. This custom is witnessed in documents as far back as 1658, but is likely much older.
Easter fire
In the weeks leading up to Easter, the (male) members of the Easter fire club, the so-called Poskebrüder, gather in the woods that ring the town for the Holzstellen. This entails gathering brushwood to make
After the Semmelsegnen on Easter Saturday, members of the four Porten move into the town forest, and each fells a great spruce, whereafter these trees are borne into the town, to the marketplace, where they are measured. This is a contest, too, to try to get the longest spruce with the greatest diameter. Then, the trees go to the Osterköpfe – “Easter heads” – which are high spots at the edge of town or outside the town where the Easter crosses are put up the next day (Easter Sunday).
On Easter Sunday they gather on the Osterköpfe and prepare the spruces for the fire to come that evening. Each spruce is given a crossbar swathed in straw, and is lifted into place by muscle power alone. Once this has been done, the faggots are heaped in layers at the foot of the cross, and are likewise wrapped in straw.
Towards 20:40, the Poskebrüder begin their Fackelschwenken – “Torch Swinging” – in which torches cut from sprucewood are lit from the torch fire, itself in turn having been lit beforehand from the Easter candle. Participants stand around the Easter cross and, holding the torches upright, swing them back and forth, either beside or before the body. At 21:00, when the lighting for the cross on the parish church's steeple is switched on, the torches are thrown onto the faggots and the cross goes up in flames.
At 20:30, the four columns of the Easter procession, waiting at the town's former gates, begin to move towards the church, signalled by the four burning crosses. There, the Easter festivities are concluded with a celebratory prayer.
Music
There are many music clubs in Attendorn.
Buildings
St. John the Baptist parish church
The Pfarrkirche St. Johannes Baptist is also called the Sauerländer Dom – Sauerland Cathedral. It has a Romanesque tower from about 1200 and a Gothic nave from the 14th century. Striking about the church is the tower's Baroque cupola, which has adorned the church since 1634.
Town Hall with South Sauerland Museum
The old town hall (Rathaus) likely dates back to the 14th century, and it was thoroughly remodelled in the 18th and 19th centuries. Between 1962 and 1964, on the basis of some findings and an illustration kept at the parish church, the town hall's exterior was remodelled so that it once again took on its original appearance. It is a massive building with reconstructed
Schnellenberg Castle
On one of the town's hills is found the Burg Schnellenberg. Since 1594 it has been owned by the family of the Barons of Fürstenberg. In 1594, the later Landdroste of the Duchy of Westphalia, Kaspar von Fürstenberg, bought this castle complex, which had Imperial immediacy, in South Westphalia. It houses a hotel and a restaurant.
Town wall’s towers
Of the town fortifications demolished in 1812, two towers, the Pulverturm and the Bieketurm from the 13th century have been kept. The latter is nowadays used by the Schützengesellschaft Attendorn 1222 e. V. (a shooting club) as an armoury. Flags, king's chains, armour and other things may be viewed Saturdays from May to October between 10:00 and 12:00. On the tower's side, the former wall's height may be gauged from remnants there.
Natural monuments
Atta Cave
The best known sightseeing place in Attendorn is the Atta Cave (Atta-Höhle), a cave exposed during limestone mining in 1907 and one of Germany's biggest interconnected cave systems. Its genesis lies mainly in the limestone deposits in the Attendorn-Elsper Double Basin.
Bigge reservoir
In the south of the municipal area is the dam that holds the Biggetalsperre, or Bigge Reservoir. Together with the Listertalsperre and the Ahauser Stausee – two other reservoirs – it forms a large recreation area for the town and its environs.
Economy and infrastructure
Attendorn's economy is based on midsize enterprises of the metal industry, which specialize for the most part in manufacturing armatures, pipes and other metal parts. Among them are Mubea, Viega, Aquatherm, GEDIA, Isphording and BeulCo.
Transport
Near Attendorn lies the Attendorn-Finnentrop
Twin towns – sister cities
- Rawicz, Poland
Notable people
Born in Attendorn
- Angela Maria Autsch (1900–1944), Trinitarian Sister of Valencia and Roman Catholic Venerable
- Herbert Sohler (1908–1991), World War II U-boat commander
- Otto Pöggeler (1928–2014), philosopher
- Wolfgang Demtröder (born 1931), physicist
- Tanja Hennes(born 1971), cyclist
- Daniel Beckmann (born 1980), organist
Associated with Attendorn
- Willibrord Benzler (1853–1921), Bishop of the Diocese of Metz from 1901 to 1919, studied here
- Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), constitutional lawyer and political philosopher, lived as a boy in the Catholic convent in Attendorn and studied here
- Paul Josef Cordes (1934-2024), courier cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church, studied here
Further reading
- Josef Brunabend: Attendorn, Schnellenberg, Waldenburg und Ewig. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte Westfalens. 2nd edition, by appointment by the town of Attendorn edited by Prof. Julius Pickert, finished by Karl Boos Münster (1958) (the first edition appeared in 1878 in Münster)
- Westfälischer Städteatlas; Band: II; 1 Teilband. By appointment by the Historical Commission for Westphalia and with support of the Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe, published by the late Heinz Stoob and Wilfried Ehbrecht. Stadtmappe Attendorn, Author: Heinz Stoob. ISBN 3-89115-344-9; Dortmund-Altenbeken, 1981.
- "Judisch in Attendorn," by Hartmut Hosenfeld, 2006. ISBN 978-3-9802697-6-6. English Translation in preparation
References
- ^ Wahlergebnisse in NRW Kommunalwahlen 2020, Land Nordrhein-Westfalen, accessed 29 June 2021.
- Landesbetrieb Information und Technik NRW. Retrieved 20 June 2023.
- ISBN 978-3-9802697-6-6. English Translation in preparation
- ^ https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-86th-infantry-division
- ^ "Stadtinfo" (PDF).
- ^ "Rawicz" (in German). Attendorn. Retrieved 2021-12-08.