Aublysodon
Aublysodon | |
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Illustrations of the teeth by Leidy and O. C. Marsh, 4: A. mirandus 5: "A." amplus 6: "A." cristatus | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Clade: | Dinosauria |
Clade: | Saurischia |
Clade: | Theropoda |
Clade: | †Eutyrannosauria |
Family: | †Tyrannosauridae |
Subfamily: | †Aublysodontinae Nopcsa, 1928 nomen dubium |
Genus: | †Aublysodon Leidy, 1868 nomen dubium |
Type species | |
†Aublysodon mirandus Leidy, 1868
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Species | |
and see text | |
Synonyms | |
|
Aublysodon (“backwards-flowing tooth") is a
Apart from the type species Aublysodon mirandus over the years several other species have been named. These are now all considered either dubious or identical to other species or as having no close connection to A. mirandus.
History
In the mid-to-late 19th century many dinosaur
In 1856 Joseph Leidy had named fourteen teeth collected by
Because the name Aublysodon mirandus was based on the same type, it was at first a
The tooth-based taxon Aublysodon was a mystery for a long time since no further skeletal elements were found that could be assigned with certainty to the teeth. In the early twentieth century it was assumed by some workers that it represented a member of the
Today it is known that similar teeth are found in juvenile specimens of
Referred species
Apart from Aublysodon mirandus and A. horridus several other species have been named within the genus. In 1876 Cope created an
The first skeletal material referred to an original Aublysodon species was a partial
Classification
Aublysodon was by Paul in 1988 thought to belong to a unique subfamily of tyrannosaurids called the Aublysodontinae,
Aublysodon was for a time also used in definitions of higher-level taxa. Holtz proposed a node clade definition of the Tyrannosauridae in 2001 as "all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of Tyrannosaurus and Aublysodon", using Aublysodon as an anchor taxon.[29] Paul Sereno has also used Aublysodon as an anchor taxon for the Tyrannosauridae, although his definition was problematic for other reasons.[3] These concepts have now been redefined without the dubious name.
Because Aublysodon is today considered a nomen dubium based on material probably belonging to Daspletosaurus, its affiliations are likely tyrannosaurid and the terms Aublysodontinae and Aublysodontidae have become irrelevant.
See also
Footnotes
- ^ a b c "Aublysodon." Dodson, et al. Page 128.
- ^ a b Currie, P. (2005). "Theropods, including birds." Pp. 367-397 in Currie and Koppelhus (eds)., Dinosaur Provincial Park: A Spectacular Ancient Ecosystem Revealed. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
- ^ a b c "Results," in Holtz (2001). Pg. 67.
- ^ Leidy, J., 1856, "Notices of the remains of extinct reptiles and fishes, discovered by Dr. F.V. Hayden in the badlands of the Judith River, Nebraska Territory", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences 8(2): 72
- ^ Cope, E.D., 1866, "Discovery of a gigantic dinosaur in the Cretaceous of New Jersey", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 18: 275-279
- ^ Cope, E.D., 1868, "On some Cretaceous Reptilia", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 20: 233-242
- ^ Hay, O.P., 1899, "On the nomenclature of certain American fossil vertebrates", American Geologist 24: 345-349
- ^ a b c Marsh, O.C., 1892, "Notes on Mesozoic vertebrate fossils", American Journal of Science, 44: 170-176
- ^ Carpenter, K., 1982, "Baby dinosaurs from the Late Cretaceous Lance and Hell Creek formations and a description of a new species of theropod", Contributions to Geology, University of Wyoming, 20(2): 123-134
- ^ *Lambe, L.M., 1902, "New genera and species from the Belly River Series (mid-Cretaceous)", Geological Survey of Canada Contributions to Canadian Palaeontology 3(2): 25-81
- ^ Hay, O.P., 1930, Second Bibliography and Catalogue of the Fossil Vertebrata of North America. Carnegie Institution of Washington. 390(II), pp 1-1074
- ^ a b c d Carr and Williamson (2004).
- ^ Cope, E.D., 1876, "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana", Paleontological Bulletin, 22: 1-14
- ^ Cope, E.D., 1876, "Descriptions of some vertebrate remains from the Fort Union Beds of Montana", Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 28: 248-261
- ^ a b Sahni, A. (1972). "The vertebrate fauna of the Judith River Formation, Montana." Bulletin of the AMNH, 147(6).
- ^ Hatcher, J.B., 1903, "Osteology of Haplocanthosaurus, with description of a new species, and remarks on the probable habits of the Sauropoda and the age and origin of the Atlantosaurus Beds", Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum, 2(1): 1-72
- ^ Huene, F. von, 1932, Die fossile Reptil-Ordnung Saurischia, ihre Entwicklung und Geschichte. Monographien zur Geologie und Palaeontologie. 4(1-2), pp 1-361
- ^ Charig, A.J., 1967, "Archosauria", pp 708-718 in: Walter Brian Harland (ed.) The Fossil Record: A Symposium with Documentation, jointly sponsored by the Geological Society of London and the Palaeontological Association, Geological Society of London, pp 827
- ^ Rozhdestvensky, A.K., 1965, "Возрастная изменчивость и некоторые вопросы систематики динозавров Азии", Палеонтологический журнал 1965(3): 95-109
- ^ Bakker, R.T., Williams, M. & Currie, P.J., 1988, "Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana", Hunteria 1(5): 1-30
- ^ Molnar, R.E., 1978, "A new theropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of central Montana", Journal of Paleontology 52(1): 73-82
- ^ a b c Paul, G.S., 1988, Predatory Dinosaurs of the World. Simon & Schuster, New York, pp 464
- ^ Olshevsky, G.; Ford, T.L. & Yamamoto, S., 1995, "The origin and evolution of the tyrannosaurids", Kyoryugaku Saizensen 9/10: 92-119/75-99
- ^ Lehman, T.M., Carpenter, K., 1990, "A partial skeleton of the tyrannosaurid dinosaur Aublysodon from the Upper Cretaceous of New Mexico", Journal of Paleontology 64: 1026-1032
- ^ Carr, T.D., Williamson, T.E., 2010, "Bistahieversor sealeyi, gen. et sp. nov., a new tyrannosauroid from New Mexico and the origin of deep snouts in Tyrannosauroidea", Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 30 (1): 1-16
- ^ Currie, P.J., J.H. Hurum, and K. Sabath, 2003, "Skull structure and evolution in tyrannosaurid dinosaurs", Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 48: 227–234
- ^ Cope, E.D., 1870, "Synopsis of the extinct Batrachia, Reptilia and Aves of North America", Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, New Series 14(1): 1-252
- ^ Nopcsa, F., 1928, "The genera of reptiles", Palaeobiologica 1: 163-188
- ^ a b "Results," in Holtz (2001). Pg. 66.
References
- Carr, T.D.; and Williamson, T.E. (2004). "Diversity of late Maastrichtian Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from western North America". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (4): 479–523. .
- Dodson, Peter & Britt, Brooks & Carpenter, Kenneth & Forster, Catherine A. & Gillette, David D. & Norell, Mark A. & Olshevsky, George & Parrish, J. Michael & Weishampel, David B. The Age of Dinosaurs. Publications International, LTD. p. 128. ISBN 0-7853-0443-6.
- Holtz, TR, Jr. (2001), "The phylogeny and taxonomy of the Tyrannosauridae" in: K Carpenter & D Tanke [eds.], Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Indiana Univ. Press, pp. 64–83.
- Jacobsen, A.R. 2001. "Tooth-marked small theropod bone: An extremely rare trace". p. 58-63 In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life. Ed.s Tanke, D. H., Carpenter, K., Skrepnick, M. W. Indiana University Press.