Balsamorhiza sagittata
| Balsamorhiza sagittata | |
|---|---|
| |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata
(near Horselake, Chelan County, Washington) | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Balsamorhiza |
| Species: | B. sagittata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Balsamorhiza sagittata | |
| |
| Distribution in North America | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Balsamorhiza sagittata is a North American species of flowering plant in the tribe Heliantheae of the family Asteraceae known by the common name arrowleaf balsamroot. Also sometimes called Oregon sunflower,[2][3] it is widespread across western Canada and much of the western United States.[4]
Description
This is a
leaves[5] are generally triangular in shape and large, approaching 50 cm (20 in) in maximum length. Leaves farther up the stem are linear to narrowly oval in shape and smaller. The leaves have untoothed edges and are coated in fine to rough hairs, especially on the undersides.[6][7][8][9]
The
flower head, sometimes more than one on the same stem,[10] blooming from May to July.[5] Each head has a center of long yellowish tubular disc florets and a fringe of 8–25 bright yellow ray florets, each up to 4 cm (1+1⁄2 in) long.[5] The fruit is a hairless achene about 8 millimetres (3⁄8 in) long.[11]
B. deltoidea is similar but is greener, less hairy, and does not retain its ray flowers for long.[5]
Distribution and habitat
The plant's native range extends from
drought tolerant.[14]
Ecology
The species hybridizes with Balsamorhiza hookeri.[10]
Grazing animals find the plant palatable, especially the flowers and developing seed heads.[11] Elk and deer browse the leaves.[15]
Uses
Coming into season in late spring, all of the plant can be eaten—particularly the leaves (raw or cooked), roots (cooked), and the seeds, raw or pounded into flour.[14][16] It can be bitter and pine-like in taste.[17] The leaves are best collected when young and can carry a citrus flavor.[18]
Many Native American groups, including the
Frederick Pursh noted that the stem was eaten raw by the American natives.[18]
Culture
A specimen was collected by explorer and
Under the name Okanagan Sunflower, it is the official flower emblem of the city of Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.[22]
Gallery
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Balsamorhiza sagittata flower head -
Balsamorhiza sagittata insect predation -
Balsamorhiza sagittata involucre. -
Balsamorhiza sagittata -
Balsamorhiza sagittata in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, US -
Balsamorhiza sagittata in East Knox Mountain Park, British Columbia, Canada. -
Balsamorhiza sagittata seedling -
Balsamorhiza sagittata leaves sprouting from mature plant in early spring -
Balsamorhiza sagittata mature seed heads in June -
Balsamorhiza sagittata mature seed head -
Balsamorhiza sagittata seeds -
Balsamorhiza sagittata dry plants in fall that are dormant -
Bright orange-yellow petals are a distinguishing characteristic of Balsamorhiza sagittata
_Whole_Plant_in_East_Knox_Mountain_Park.png)
.jpg)
References
- ^ "Balsamorhiza sagittata (Pursh) Nutt.". The Global Compositae Checklist (GCC) – via The Plant List. Note that this website has been superseded by World Flora Online
- ^ "Herb: Oregon Sunflower".
- ^ "Balsamorhiza sagittata - (Pursh.)Nutt".
- ^ a b "Balsamorhiza sagittata". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-375-40233-3.
- ^ Klinkenberg, Brian, ed. (2014). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". E-Flora BC: Electronic Atlas of the Plants of British Columbia [eflora.bc.ca]. Lab for Advanced Spatial Analysis, Department of Geography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ Giblin, David, ed. (2015). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". WTU Herbarium Image Collection. Burke Museum, University of Washington. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ Keil, David J. (2012). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". In Jepson Flora Project (ed.). Jepson eFlora. The Jepson Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ Weber, William A. (2006). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 21. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
- ^ OCLC 25708726.
- ^ a b c McWilliams, Jack (2002). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". Fire Effects Information System (FEIS). US Department of Agriculture (USDA), Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory.
- ^ Sullivan, Steven. K. (2015). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". Wildflower Search. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Balsamorhiza sagittata". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 2015-02-07.
- ^ a b "Arrow Leafed Balsamroot Wildflower". Archived from the original on 2012-12-23. Retrieved 2012-11-27.
- OCLC 1073035766.
- ^ Lyons, C. P. (1956). Trees, Shrubs and Flowers to Know in Washington (1st ed.). Canada: J. M. Dent & Sons. pp. 148, 196.
- ^ Vizgirdas, Ray (2006). Wild Plants of the Sierra Nevada. Reno: University of Nevada, Reno. p. 185.
- ^ OCLC 965922681.
- ^ University of Michigan - Dearborn, Native American Ethnobotany: Balsamorhiza sagittata
- ^ Moerman, Daniel (2010). Native American Food Plants: An Ethnobotanical Dictionary. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 62–63.
- ^ Schiemann, Donald Anthony, Wildflowers of Montana, page 238, Mountain Press Publishing Company, Missoula, 2005.
- ^ "Visual identity & logo request". City of Kelowna. 2016-05-19. Retrieved 2019-05-18.
External links
Data related to Balsamorhiza sagittata at Wikispecies- Northern Bushcraft: Identification and edible parts of Balsamorhiza sagittata.
- Balsamorhiza sagittata in the CalPhotos photo database, University of California, Berkeley
