Barringtonia acutangula

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Barringtonia acutangula
A Barringtonia acutangula tree at
Hoan Kiem Lake

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Ericales
Family: Lecythidaceae
Genus: Barringtonia
Species:
B. acutangula
Binomial name
Barringtonia acutangula
Synonyms[2]
  • Barringtonia rubra Baill. ex Laness. [Illegitimate]
  • Butonica acutangula (L.) Lam.
  • Caryophyllus acutangulus (L.) Stokes
  • Eugenia acutangula L.
  • Huttum acutangulum (L.) Britten
  • Michelia acutangula (L.) Kuntze
  • Stravadium acutangulum (L.) Sweet
  • Stravadium acutangulum (L.) Miers

Barringtonia acutangula is a species of Barringtonia native to coastal wetlands in southern Asia and northern Australasia, from Afghanistan east to the Philippines, Queensland and the Northern Territory. Common names include freshwater mangrove, itchytree and mango-pine.[3]

Description

This plant is a big tree that grows to about 8–15 m high. Its leaves are thick, smooth and oval in shape, about 8–12 cm long and 4–5 cm wide, with reddish petioles about 0.5–1.0 cm long. The plant has drooping raceme of up to 50 cm long, with numerous large, white flowers. Its fruit is oval-shaped and about 3 cm long, with 1 seed inside.[4]

Uses

Food

The young leaves of this plant are consumed as food, such as in Vietnam where they are eaten fresh with other vegetables, meat and shrimp.[4]

Medicinal

Research on this plant has reported a number of medicinal uses, including antitumor (seed extract),[5] antibiotic,[6] inhibition of growth of Helicobacter pylori,[7] antinociceptive activity[8] and antifungal activity.[9][10]

The 1889 book 'The Useful Native Plants of Australia’ records that "In India an extract or juice is obtained from the leaves of this tree which, when mixed with oil, is used in native [sic.] practice for eruptions of the skin. The kernels powdered and prepared with sago and butter, are used in diarrhoea; mixed with milk they produce vomiting (Treasury of Botany). The root is bitter, and is said to be similar to Cinchona, but also cooling and aperient. (Drury)."[11]

Chemistry

Its bark contains potent painkillers, structurally unrelated to known opioid painkillers [1]

Also 3,3'-dimethoxy ellagic acid,

dihydromyricetin, gallic acid, bartogenic acid and stigmasterol,[12] triterpenoids, olean-18-en-3beta-O-E-coumaroyl ester and olean-18-en-3beta-O-Z-coumaroyl ester[13] 12, 20(29)-lupadien-3-o[14]

triterpenoids:- racemosol A (1) [22alpha-acetoxy-3beta,15alpha,16alpha,21beta-tetrahydroxy-28-(2-methylbutyryl)olean-12-ene] and isoracemosol A (2) [21beta-acetoxy-3beta,15alpha,16alpha,28-tetrahydroxy-22alpha-(2-methylbutyryl)olean-12-ene].[15]

Saponins,:[16][17] barringtoside A, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D- glucuronopyranosyl barringtogenol C; barringtoside B, 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->3)-]beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D- glucuronopyranosyl-21-O-tigloyl-28-O-isobutyryl barringtogenol C; barringtoside C, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl(1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->2 )]-beta-D - glucuronopyranosyl barringtogenol C.

Photos

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T61533369A61533372.en
    . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ "Barringtonia acutangula". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 Mar 2016.
  3. ^ "Barringtonia acutangula". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 29 December 2017.
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-9745240896
    .
  5. S2CID 41871403
    .
  6. S2CID 30494225
    .
  7. PMID 14758718
    .
  8. PMID 12686437
    .
  9. ^ Vijaya Bharathi R.; Jerad Suresh A.; Thirumal M.; Sriram L.; Geetha Lakshmi S.; Kumudhaveni B. (2010). "Antibacterial and antifungal screening on various leaf extracts of Barringtonia acutangula". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 1 (4): 407–410.
  10. ^ Sahoo S.; Panda P.K.; Behera P.S.; Mishra S.R.; Ellaiah P. (2008). "Antifungal activity of Barringtonia acutangula against selected human pathogenic fungi". Indian Drugs. 45 (1): 26–30.
  11. ^ J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
  12. ^ Chemical constituents of mangrove plant Barringtonia racemosa]. [Chinese] Sun HY. Long LJ. Wu J. Zhong Yao Cai. 29(7):671-2, 2006 Jul.
  13. PMID 16649558
    .
  14. S2CID 30494225
    .
  15. PMID 19388709
    .
  16. ^ Pal BC. Chaudhuri T. Yoshikawa K. Arihara S 1994 Saponins from Barringtonia acutangula. Phytochemistry 35(5):1315-8,
  17. PMID 15787427
    .

External links

Media related to Barringtonia acutangula at Wikimedia Commons

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