Batrachomorpha

Batrachomorpha; Temporal range: Early Carboniferous–present PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Pangerpeton, a salamander from the Jurassic
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Superclass:	Tetrapoda
Clade:	Batrachomorpha; Säve-Söderbergh, 1934
Groups
	Amphibia †Lepospondyli?; †Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia; ; Incertae sedis †Caerorhachis; ;

The Batrachomorpha ("frog forms") are a

mammals and reptiles. According to many analyses they include the extinct Temnospondyli; some show that they include the Lepospondyli

instead. The name traditionally indicated a more limited group.

The first

amniotes

. Amniotes achieved dominance, while all other reptiliomorphs and most batrachomorphs have gone extinct.

Classification

Etymology

The name Batrachomorpha was coined by the Swedish

salamanders and the Lepospondyli was consigned to "Urodelomorpha

".

osteolepiform fishes.^[4]

Though never a majority view, the notion that tetrapods had evolved twice, together with the usage of the term batrachomorpha, lingered until genetic analysis started confirming the monophyly of living amphibians in the 1990s.^[5] Jarviks classification is no longer followed, all living amphibians and their fossil relatives now being classified together in the group Lissamphibia.

Phylogenetics

amphibians than to amniotes. In his scheme, Batrachomorpha is a superorder of amphibious tetrapods containing the following subgroups:^[6]

Superorder Batrachomorpha
†Order Edopoidea

†Family Dendrerpetonidae

Order unnamed
†Suborder Dvinosauria

†Family Branchiosauridae

†Family Dissorophidae

Infraclass Lissamphibia
†Family Albanerpetonidae

Order
extant
)

Order
extant
)

Order
extant
)

†Order unnamed
†Family †Eryopidae

†Family
Actinodontidae

†Family Archegosauridae

†Family Rhinesuchidae

†Suborder Capitosauria

†Suborder Trematosauria
†Family Trematosauridae

†Family Metoposauridae

†Family Plagiosauridae

†Family Rhytidosteidae

†Family Brachyopidae

†Family Chigutisauridae

The other groups of tetrapods considered more closely related to

amniotes are put in the superorder Reptiliomorpha.^[6]

The phylogenetic relationships of Paleozoic tetrapods have not yet been worked out with certainty, and the validity of Batrachomorpha as a

phylogenies the clade is redundant (e.g. Laurin 1996).^[7]^[8]

Anatomy

Batrachomorphs are distinguished by a number of features in the skeleton, including a flat or shallow skull, a fused

postparietal contact on the occiput, and four or fewer fingers on the hand.^[9]

Benton contrasts Batrachomorphs with Reptiliomorphs; both are stem-based clades

; the former constitutes the "amphibian" evolutionary radiation, the latter the contemporary proto-reptilian and early amniote evolution.

In the appendix to

Vertebrate Palaeontology

, which combines cladistic and linnaean rankings, Benton has given Batrachomorpha the rank of Subclass in his 2001 edition, Class in the 2004 edition, and Superorder in the 2014 edition.

References

^ Laurin, M. (1996): Phylogeny of Stegocephalians, from the Tree of Life Web Project
^ Säve-Söderbergh, G. (1934). Some points of view concerning the evolution of the vertebrates and the classification of this group. Arkiv för Zoologi 26A: pp 1-20
^ von Huene, F. (1956): Paläontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden, G. Fischer, Jena
^ Jarvik, E. (1980). Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates. Vol. 2. London: Academic Press.
^ San Mauro & al (2005): Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea. American Naturalist no 165: pp 590–599
^
OCLC 867425553.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
)

doi:10.1038/nature06865

^ Laurin, M. (1996): Terrestrial Vertebrates - Stegocephalians: Tetrapods and other digit-bearing vertebrates

^ Benton, M. J. (2000), Vertebrate Paleontology, 2nd Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd 3rd ed, pp.98-99

General references

Benton, M.J. (2004) taxonomic hierarchy of the vertebrates

Marjanović, David, (2002) Re: thoughts on which nodes to name Archived 2016-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Dinosaur Mailing List

Jarvik, E. (1968). Aspects of vertebrate phylogeny. In: Current Problems of Lower Vertebrate Phylogeny (ed. T. Ørvig), Nobel Symposium 4, pp. 497–527. Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell.

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Batrachomorpha&oldid=1212403610"

[Laurin_Stegocephalia-1] Laurin, M. (1996): Phylogeny of Stegocephalians, from the Tree of Life Web Project

[2] Säve-Söderbergh, G. (1934). Some points of view concerning the evolution of the vertebrates and the classification of this group. Arkiv för Zoologi 26A: pp 1-20

[3] von Huene, F. (1956): Paläontologie und Phylogenie der niederen Tetrapoden, G. Fischer, Jena

[4] Jarvik, E. (1980). Basic structure and evolution of vertebrates. Vol. 2. London: Academic Press.

[5] San Mauro & al (2005): Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea. American Naturalist no 165: pp 590–599

[Benton-2014-6] 
OCLC 867425553.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
)

[7] doi:10.1038/nature06865

[8] Laurin, M. (1996): Terrestrial Vertebrates - Stegocephalians: Tetrapods and other digit-bearing vertebrates

[9] Benton, M. J. (2000), Vertebrate Paleontology, 2nd Ed. Blackwell Science Ltd 3rd ed, pp.98-99

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