Bojonegoro Regency
Bojonegoro Regency
Kabupaten Bojonegoro ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦨꦗꦤꦼꦒꦫ | |
---|---|
UTC+7 (IWST) | |
Postcode | 62xxx |
Area code | (+62) 353 |
Website | bojonegorokab |
Bojonegoro Regency (Indonesian: Kabupaten Bojonegoro, older spelling is Kabupaten Bodjanegara, Javanese: ꦑꦧꦸꦥꦠꦺꦤ꧀ꦨꦗꦤꦼꦒꦫ, romanized: Kabupatèn Bojånegårå) is a regency in East Java Province of Indonesia, about 110 km west of Surabaya and 73 km northeast of Ngawi. It covers a land area of 2,307.06 km2 (890.76 miles2) and is located in the inland part of the northern Java plain, mainly on the south bank of the Solo River, the longest river in Java. It had a population of 1,209,973 at the 2010 Census[2] and 1,301,635 at the 2020 Census;[3] the official estimate as at mid-2023 was 1,363,058 (comprising 684,317 males and 678,741 females).[1] The administrative centre of the regency is the town of Bojonegoro.
Previously known as a major producer of
Geography
Across the eastern border of Bojonegoro is the Lamongan Regency, to the north is the Tuban Regency, while to the south are the Ngawi Regency, Madiun Regency, Nganjuk Regency, and Jombang Regency. Blora Regency is located to the west, in Central Java Province.
Bojonegoro occupies an area of 2,307.06 km2. Much of it consists of low plains along the Solo River, with hilly areas in the southern part of the Regency. As with most of Java, the Bojonegoro landscape is dominated by rice paddy fields. In the Bojonegoro area, the Solo River changes its course from northward to eastward.
The climate in Bojonegoro is
Floods in the rainy season of 2007 were bigger than in previous years. The water level of the Solo River rose due to heavy rain, especially in the upper valley in Central Java, forcing the Gajah Mungkur Dam to be opened. The resulting flood submerged 15 districts, with water as high as 1.5 m, and displaced 2,700 families. A further 2.5 hectares of rice fields were damaged. No casualties were reported.[7]
Climate
Bojonegoro has 42-100% of humidity. Maximum humidity is 100% and average humidity is 81%. Bojonegoro has 0–35 km/h of wind velocity. Maximum wind velocity is at 35 km/h (18.9 knots). The average wind velocity is 30 km/h (16.2 knots). It has an average temperature of 27.1 °C - 28.2 °C.
Month | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Average Temperature (Celsius) | 26.6 | 26.5 | 26.8 | 27.2 | 27.1 | 26.6 | 26.4 | 26.7 | 27.6 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 27.1 |
Min Temperature (Celsius) | 22.8 | 22.7 | 22.8 | 22.9 | 22.6 | 21.7 | 21.1 | 21.1 | 21.8 | 22.7 | 23.1 | 22.8 |
Max Temperature (Celsius) | 30.4 | 30.4 | 30.8 | 31.5 | 31.6 | 31.6 | 31.6 | 32.4 | 33.4 | 33.7 | 33.0 | 31.4 |
History
The area near the Solo River is fertile and has been settled since early history by the
The Solo River played a major role in the development of these settlements. It acted as a source of water and fertile soil, and a means of transportation. A set of copper plates of the Ferry Charter (1358 C.E.) lists over twenty
The authority over these settlements, including the territory of modern-day Bojonegoro, was held by the dominant power in Central Java, and later East Java, the kingdoms of
As a territory in northern Java, the area of modern-day Bojonegoro was one of the first to accept
The modern regency (kabupaten) was founded on October 20, 1677, with Mas Toemapel as the first regent (bupati), with its capital in Jipang village (currently around Padangan District in the westernmost part of Bojonegoro). It was founded as a response to the loss of Mataram's coastal area to the Dutch East India Company. Bojonegoro then became an important border town. In 1725 the capital was moved to its current location.
After the Dutch took over Java in the 18th and 19th centuries, Bojonegoro and the neighbouring regencies of Tuban and Lamongan were administered under Bojonegoro Residency, with a Dutch Resident in Bojonegoro town. The resident acted as an advisor and supervisor to the regents, positions which were held by native Javanese nobility (priyayi).
During Dutch rule, tobacco and maize were introduced from the Americas, which would later become major commodities in Bojonegoro.
In 1894, the trans-Java
Since the Indonesian National Revolution, Bojonegoro regency has been administered as part of East Java province, with R.M.T. Suryo, the grandson of the former Bojonegoro regent as its first governor. In 2008, the Bojonegoro people elected its first directly elected regent, following an amendment in the constitution. Suyoto of the National Mandate Party was elected as regent. In the 2018 Election, Dr Hj. Anna Muawannah (PKB-National Awakening Party) won the election by a majority (30.7%) and was elected as regent.[9]
Administrative districts
At the 2010 Census, Bojonegoro Regency was divided into twenty-seven
Kode Wilayah |
Name of District (kecamatan) |
Area in km2 |
Pop'n Census 2010 |
Pop'n Census 2020 |
Pop'n Estimate mid 2023 |
Admin centre |
No. of villages |
Post codes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
35.22.22 | Margomulyo | 139.68 | 21,971 | 22,798 | 23,403 | Margomulyo | 6 | 62168 |
35.22.01 | Ngraho | 71.48 | 41,454 | 45,976 | 48,462 | Ngraho | 16 | 62165 |
35.22.02 | Tambakrejo | 209.52 | 51,362 | 54,478 | 56,583 | Tambakrejo | 18 | 62166 |
35.22.03 | Ngambon | 48.65 | 10,977 | 11,624 | 11,944 | Ngambon | 5 | 62167 |
35.22.27 | Sekar | 130.24 | 25,749 | 27,411 | 28,845 | Sekar | 6 | 62169 |
35.22.05 | Bubulan | 84.73 | 13,655 | 15,005 | 15,700 | Bubulan | 5 | 62172 |
35.22.26 | Gondang | 107.01 | 23,793 | 24,980 | 26,570 | Gondang | 7 | 62173 |
35.22.21 | Temayang | 124.67 | 33,906 | 35,932 | 37,897 | Temayang | 12 | 62184 |
35.22.07 | Sugihwaras | 87.15 | 42,875 | 46,439 | 47,798 | Sugihwaras | 17 | 62183 |
35.22.08 | Kedungadem | 145.15 | 76,788 | 82,112 | 85,289 | Kedungadem | 23 | 62195 |
35.22.09 | Kepohbaru | 79.64 | 59,759 | 64,912 | 68,069 | Kepohbaru | 25 | 62194 |
35.22.10 | Baureno | 66.37 | 73,701 | 80,183 | 84,557 | Baureno | 25 | 62192 |
35.22.11 | Kanor | 59.78 | 53,806 | 59,637 | 62,583 | Tambahrejo | 25 | 62193 |
35.22.12 | Sumberrejo | 76.58 | 66,665 | 70,017 | 73,672 | Sumberrejo | 26 | 62191 |
35.22.13 | Balen | 60.52 | 61,724 | 65,813 | 68,881 | Balen | 23 | 62182 (a) |
35.22.24 | Sukosewu | 47.48 | 39,563 | 42,448 | 44,579 | Sukosewu | 14 | 62185 |
35.22.14 | Kapas | 46.38 | 49,973 | 54,975 | 57,750 | Kapas | 21 | 62181 |
35.22.15 | Bojonegoro |
25.71 | 83,008 | 84,967 | 88,449 | Bojonegoro | 18 (b) | 62111 - 62119 |
35.22.23 | Trucuk | 36.71 | 35,638 | 38,150 | 40,132 | Trucuk | 12 | 62155 (c) |
35.22.06 | Dander | 118.36 | 76,107 | 83,979 | 87,386 | Dander | 16 | 62171 |
35.22.04 | Ngasem | 147.21 | 71,191 | 59,605 | 62,822 | Ngasem | 17 | 62154 |
35.22.28 | Gayam | 50.05 | (d) | 32,555 | 34,377 | Gayam | 12 | 62152 - 62154 |
35.22.16 | Kalitidu | 65.95 | 60,880 | 50,102 | 52,194 | Kalitidu | 18 | 62152 |
35.22.17 | Malo | 65.41 | 28,390 | 30,654 | 32,541 | Malo | 20 | 62153 |
35.22.18 | Purwosari | 62.32 | 27,051 | 29,676 | 31,030 | Purwosari | 12 | 62161 |
35.22.19 | Padangan | 42.00 | 40,220 | 43,479 | 45,506 | Padangan | 16 | 62162 |
35.22.20 | Kasiman | 51.80 | 28,226 | 30,731 | 32,392 | Kasiman | 10 | 62164 |
35.22.25 | Kadewan | 56.51 | 11,541 | 12,997 | 13,747 | Kadewan | 5 | 62160 |
Totals | 2,307.06 | 1,209,973 | 1,301,635 | 1,363,058 | Bojonegoro | 430 |
Notes: (a) except for the village of Margomulyo, which has a postcode of 62168.
(b) comprising 11 kelurahan (Banjarejo, Jetak, Kadipaten, Karang Pacar, Kepatihan, Klangon, Ledok Kulon, Ledok Wetan, Mojokampung, Ngrowo and Sumbang) and 7 desa.
(c) except for the village of Sumberejo, which has a postcode of 62191.
(d) the population of Gayam District in 2010 is included in the figures for Ngasem and Kalitidu Districts, from parts of which it was created in 2012.
Demographics
Bojonegoro Regency has a population of 1,363,058 people (as of mid-2023). Most of the population work as farmers or foresters. Many still live in poverty, especially in the southern part of the regency, where the soil is less fertile. The major population centre is Bojonegoro town, located on the southern bank of the Bengawan Solo River.
Ethnic groups
The racial makeup of this regency is mainly
Language
Most residents speak Javanese as a daily language and Indonesian on formal and writing activities, though a minority speak Madurese and other languages.
Religion
Most
Economy
Agriculture
Agriculture has been the regency's main industry. The Solo River provides a fertile farming area for rice. The main crops are rice and tobacco, as well as maize. In 1984, the area of maize harvested reached 67,000 hectares with yields ranging from 1 to 1.28 t/ha.[10] A typical farmer grows rice in the rainy season, when water is abundant, and tobacco or maize in the dry season. There is a high risk in agriculture because of seasonal uncertainty. Rice growing will fail if the rainy season ends before its time, and tobacco growing will fail if rain comes early.
Bojonegoro is one of the biggest producers of tobacco in Indonesia, with a total value of Rp1.2 trillion (around US$100 million) and employing 57 percent of the workforce.[11] The majority of tobacco planted is Virginia varieties. However, Bojonegoro tobacco suffers from a high proportion of chlorine,[12] and uncertain rainfall. Most tobacco is used to make clove cigarettes (kretek).
Forestry
Bojonegoro is also known for its hardwood tree (teak) production. There is an annual Bojonegoro Teak Fair in late January to early February where local craftsmen display their products. Teak is mainly used in shipbuilding and furniture making. A teak cutter is called blandong in the local Javanese dialect.
Teak forestry faces a major problem in
These riots were the worst during the period of turmoil between President Abdurrahman Wahid and Megawati Sukarnoputri in 2001. However, after that situation calmed, enforcement became better, but illegal logging is still a significant problem, with police and bureaucratic officials often accused of cooperating with timber thieves.
Petroleum and gas
The recent discovery of oil and gas fields in the area is providing new economic opportunities.
The oil/gas fields locations include Banyu Urip, Alas Dara, Alas Tua West, Alas Tua East, Jambaran, Cendana (ExxonMobil 45%, Pertamina 45%, local companies 10% - under Joint Operating Agreement), and Sukowati (Operated under Joint Operating Body - Petrochina Pertamina East Java).
The Banyu Urip oil and gas field has proven
The main exploration started officially when a cooperative contract was signed on September 17, 2005, with Mobil Cepu Ltd., a subsidiary of
Communities in Bojonegoro have benefited from community development projects by foreign companies like ExxonMobil, which have built houses of worship, schools, community health centers, and infrastructure.[17] However, oil production is becoming a source of controversy.
Some
Oil exploration and production activity has also caused several accidents. On August 31, 2006, a gas leak in the Sukowati-5 oil well (Operated by JOB Pertamina Petrochina East Java) released
The
Infrastructure
Transport
Roads and intercity bus services
Indonesian National Route 20 traverses Bojonegoro from Babat, goes south to Ngawi, and joins Indonesian National Route 15 which goes east from Yogyakarta to Surabaya in Caruban. The road also meets Indonesian National Route 1 at a junction in Babat.[21]
Bojonegoro regency is served by extensive intercity bus services (stopping and express) offering routes to neighbouring regencies, Surabaya,
Railways
Bojonegoro is well served by trains operated by
Culture
Snack
Ledre is a snack from Bojonegoro. It is rolled and made from bananas, especially from the local banana cultivar called Pisang Raja.[23]
Local media
Bojonegoro has two local television network B-One TV and JTV Bojonegoro.[24] Radar Bojonegoro (Jawa Pos Group) is published daily as a bundle of Jawa Pos newspaper. A monthly tabloid, Blok Bojonegoro, is also based in the regency.[25]
Sport
Badminton was either introduced by Dutch colonists or, more likely, by
In archery, athletes from Bojonegoro have dominated many national and international archery championships. Rina Dewi Puspitasari[29] and I Gusti Nyoman Puruhito Praditya[29] have competed in national and international archery competitions, including the 2004 Summer Olympics. As of October 2006, Rina Dewi Puspitasari is ranked 39th in the Recurve Women category with 59.95 points.[30] Praditya is ranked 52 in the Compound Man category with 41.2 points.[31]
Samin people
One of the distinctive communities in Bojonegoro is the
Notable persons
- Abdoel Gaffar Pringgodigdo, Minister of Justice (21 January–6 September 1950) and Minister of State Secretariat (19 August–14 November 1945)
- Anis Hidayah, activist
- Aries Tuansyah, footballer
- Basofi Sudirman, Governor of East Java (1993–1998)
- DetikCom
- Bijahil Chalwa, footballer
- Hanis Sagara Putra, footballer
- I Gusti Nyoman Puruhito Praditya, archer
- Ika Yuliana Rochmawati, archer
- Mochammad Zaenuri, footballer
- Novan Sasongko, footballer
- Pratikno, Indonesian minister of state secretariat (incumbent)
- Rina Dewi Puspitasari, archer
- Samsul Arif, footballer
- Sumarsan, traditional Javanese musician
- Titie Said, writer, journalist and chair of the Indonesian Film Censorship Board from 2003 to 2006 and from 2006 to 2009.
- Jihan Nurlela, physician and politician
References
- ^ a b c Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Kabupaten Bojonegoro Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.3522)
- ^ a b Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
- ^ a b Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
- ^ "Indonesia: Energy Highlight March 2006". US Embassy in Jakarta.
- ^ "Dari Humpuss ke ExxonMobil". Kompas. 2006-03-21. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
- ^ "Water shortages spread". The Jakarta Post. 2004-08-26. Archived from the original on 2007-09-29.
- Antara News Agency. 2007-04-25. Archived from the originalon 2008-01-01.
- ^ Christie, Jan Wisseman (October 1991). "States Without Cities - Demographic Trends In Early Java". Cornell Southeast Asia Program. Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2006-09-23. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
- ^ "Bupati Bojonegoro Pimpin PAN Jatim Lagi". Kompas. 19 June 2010.
- ISBN 979-8059-14-X. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2007-09-28. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
- ^ "Kabupaten Bojonegoro" (PDF). Departement of Health. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-29.
- ^ "Cl content problem of Virginia tobacco grown in Vertisols in Bojonegoro". Department of Agriculture, Indonesia. Archived from the original on 2007-07-21.
- Antara News Agency. 2006-03-14.[permanent dead link]
- Antara News Agency. 2006-03-13.[permanent dead link]
- Antara News Agency. 2006-03-28.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Tuban-Bojonegoro Will Resemble Texas". Harvest International's Journal For Decision Makers. Archived from the original on 2007-06-17.
- Antara News Agency. 2006-03-15.[permanent dead link]
- Antara News Agency. 2005-03-28.[permanent dead link]
- Antara News Agency. 2005-08-31.[permanent dead link]
- Antara News Agency. 2005-03-26.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Keputusan Dirjen - Keputusan Dirjen No. SK.930/AJ.401/DRJD/2007" (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 2013-09-27. Retrieved 2013-05-18.
- ^ Sukmana, Yoga (14 April 2015). "Berakhirnya Era Rel Tunggal di Lintas Pantura Jawa Dibukukan". Kompas (in Indonesian). Kompas Gramedia Digital Group. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ "Produk Oleh-oleh Bojonegoro". East Java (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2 December 2015.
- ^ "Company Profile". JTV Bojonegoro (in Indonesian). PT Jaring Tuban Televisi. Archived from the original on 8 December 2015. Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ Choirudin, Achmad. "Cahaya di Tengah Gulita Eko-Pol Lokal". Blok Bojonegoro (in Indonesian). Retrieved 29 November 2015.
- ^ "Tentang IPL". Indonesian Premier League. Archived from the original on 2011-12-27.
- ^ "Stadiums in Indonesia". World Stadiums. Archived from the original on 2011-09-28. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
- ^ Brown, Professor Colin (2006-07-02). "Sport, politics and ethnicity: Playing badminton for Indonesia" (PDF). 15th Biennial Conference of the Asian Studies Association of Australia, Canberra, 29 June-2 July 2004. Asian Studies Association of Australia (ASAA) & Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies (RSPAS), The Australian National University, Canberra.
- ^ a b :: FITA / Web Site Management Screens ::
- ^ [1][permanent dead link].
- ^ [2][permanent dead link]
- ^ 2. The Malayan Archipelago, 1890. 2001. Archived from the original on 2006-12-08. Retrieved 2007-02-08.
- ISBN 978-0-520-08931-0.
- ^ Shiraishi, Takashi (October 1990). "Dangir's Testimony: Saminism Reconsidered". Cornell Southeast Asia Program. Cornell University. Archived from the original on 2006-09-22.
External links
Bojonegoro travel guide from Wikivoyage
- (in Indonesian) Official site
- (in Indonesian) Bupati Bojonegoro official site
- (in Indonesian) Bojonegoro public forums
- (in Indonesian) Badan Pusat Statistik Kabupaten Bojonegoro