Carduelinae
Carduelinae | |
---|---|
male red crossbills | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Fringillidae |
Subfamily: | Carduelinae Vigors, 1825 |
Genera
| |
49, see text |
The cardueline finches are a
Fringillinae and the Euphoniinae. The Hawaiian honeycreepers are now included in this subfamily.[1] Except for the Hawaiian honeycreepers which underwent adaptive radiation in Hawaii and have evolved a broad range of diets, cardueline finches are specialised seed eaters, and unlike most passerine birds, they feed their young mostly on seeds, which are regurgitated.[2] Besides this, they differ from the other finches in some minor details of their skull.[2] They are adept at opening seeds and clinging to stems, unlike other granivorous birds, such as sparrows and buntings, which feed mostly on fallen seeds.[3] Some members of this subfamily are further specialised to feed on a particular type of seed, such as cones in the case of crossbills.[2] Carduelines forage in flocks throughout the year, rather than keeping territories, and males defend their females rather than a territory or nest.[4]
The name Carduelina[e] for the subfamily was introduced by the Irish zoologist
List of genera
The Carduelinae subfamily contains 186 species divided into 49 genera. Of the 186 species, 15 are now extinct; these are the Bonin grosbeak and 14 Hawaiian honeycreepers.[8]
- Mycerobas – contains four Asian grosbeaks
- Hesperiphona – contains two American grosbeaks, the evening grosbeak and the hooded grosbeak
- Coccothraustes – contains a single species, the hawfinch
- Eophona – contains the two oriental grosbeaks, the Chinese and the Japanese grosbeak
- Pinicola – contains a single species, the pine grosbeak
- Pyrrhula – contains the eight bullfinch species
- Rhodopechys – contains two species, the Asian crimson-winged finch and the African crimson-winged finch
- Bucanetes – contains the trumpeter and the Mongolian finch
- Agraphospiza – contains a single species, Blanford's rosefinch
- Callacanthis – contains a single species, the spectacled finch
- Pyrrhoplectes – contains a single species, the golden-naped finch
- Procarduelis – contains a single species, the dark-breasted rosefinch
- Leucosticte– contains six species of mountain and rosy finches
- Palearcticrosefinch species
- Hawaiian honeycreeper group (formerly a separate family, Drepanididae)
- †poo-uli
- kakawahie
- akikiki
- Telespiza – contains two species, the Laysan finch and the Nihoa finch
- Loxioides – contains a single species, the palila
- †Rhodacanthis – contains two extinct species, the lesser and the greater koa finch
- †Chloridops – contains a single extinct species, the Kona grosbeak
- Psittirostra – contains a single possibly extinct species, the ou
- †Lanai hookbill
- iiwi
- †Ula-ai-hawane
- akohekohe
- apapane and the extinct Laysan honeycreeper
- †greater amakihi
- †Akialoa – contains six extinct species
- Hemignathus – contains five species, only one of which is extant, with two being possibly extinct
- Pseudonestor – contains a single species, the Maui parrotbill
- Magumma– contains a single species, the anianiau
- Loxops – contains five species, of which one is extinct and one possibly extinct
- Kauai amakihi
- †Orthiospiza – contains a single extinct species, the highland finch
- †Vangulifer – contains two extinct species
- †Xestospiza – contains two extinct species
- †
- Haemorhous– contains the three North America rosefinches
- Chloris– contains the six greenfinches
- Rhodospiza – contains a single species, the desert finch
- Rhynchostruthus– contains the three golden-winged grosbeaks
- Linurgus – contains a single species, the oriole finch
- Crithagra – contains 37 species of canaries, serins and siskins from Africa and the Arabian Peninsula
- Linaria – contains four species including the twite and three linnets
- Acanthis – contains three redpolls
- Loxia– contains six crossbills
- Chrysocorythus – contains two species, the Indonesian serin and the Mindanao serin
- Carduelis – contains three species including the European goldfinch
- Serinus – contains eight species including the European serin
- Spinus – contains 20 species including the North American goldfinches and the Eurasian siskin
References
- ^ Groth, 2001, pp. 552–553
- ^ a b c Newton, 1973, p. 31
- ^ Groth, 2001, p. 557
- ^ Groth, 2001, p. 558
- hdl:2246/830.
- ^ Vigors, Nicholas Aylward (1825). "Sketches in ornithology". Zoological Journal. 2 (7): 398.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Gill, Frank; Donsker, David (eds.). "Finches, euphonias". World Bird List Version 5.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 25 July 2015.
Literature cited
- Groth, Jeffrey G. (2001). "Finches and Allies". In Elphick, Chris; Dunning, John B. Jr.; Sibley, David Allen (eds.). The Sibley Guide to Bird Life and Behavior. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 552–560. ISBN 978-1-4000-4386-6.
- Newton, Ian (1973). Finches. The New Naturalist Library 55. New York: Taplinger. ISBN 0-8008-2720-1.