Census in Germany
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A national census in Germany (
Early history
Nuremberg in 1471[1] held a census, to be prepared in case of a siege. Brandenburg-Prussia in 1683 began to count its rural population. The first systematic population survey on the European continent was taken in 1719 in the Mark Brandenburg of the Kingdom of Prussia, in order to prepare the first general census of 1725.
In
For 1806, a population of 24,241,000 for several
German Zollverein (1834–1867)
When the
Date | Area in km2 | Population | Pop. per km2 | Area changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
3 December 1834 | 420,301 | 23,478,120 | 56 | |
3 December 1837 | 439,420 | 26,008,973 | 59 | since 1835 including Land Baden and Herzogtum Nassau, since 1836 including Freie Stadt Frankfurt |
3 December 1840 | 439,420 | 27,142,116 | 62 | |
3 December 1843 | 447,507 | 28,498,136 | 64 | since 1841 including Herzogtum Braunschweig, since 1842 including Luxembourg |
3 December 1846 | 447,507 | 29,461,381 | 66 | |
3 December 1849 | 447,507 | 29,800,063 | 67 | |
3 December 1852 | 447,507 | 30,492,792 | 68 | |
3 December 1855 | 492,621 | 32,721,344 | 66 | since 1854 including Schaumburg-Lippe
|
3 December 1858 | 492,621 | 33,542,352 | 68 | |
3 December 1861 | 492,621 | 34,670,277 | 70 | |
3 December 1864 | 492,621 | 35,886,302 | 73 | |
3 December 1867 | 510,628 | 37,512,005 | 73 | since 1867 including Mecklenburg-Strelitz
|
German Empire, Weimar Republic and Nazi Germany (1871–1945)
Starting in 1871, the census resumed in the newly united
-
Population density in the 1925 census
-
Occupation in the 1925 census
-
Religion in the 1925 census
The 1930 census was delayed until 1933 by the Depression, and another one was carried out in 1939, with both being affected by the bias of the
After the Second World War, the occupying powers started to count the population in their zones, first the Soviets on 1 December 1945, then the French on 26 January 1946. On 29 October 1946, a census was held in all four zones.
Date | Area in km2 | Pop. | Pop. % Growth | Pop. per km2 | Area changes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 December 1871 | 541,561 | 41,058,792 | N/A | 76 | |
1 December 1875 | 539,829 | 42,727,360 | 4.06% | 79 | |
1 December 1880 | 540,522 | 45,234,061 | 5.87% | 84 | |
1 December 1885 | 540,597 | 46,855,704 | 3.59% | 87 | |
1 December 1890 | 540,504 | 49,428,470 | 5.49% | 91 | |
2 December 1895 |
540,658 | 52,279,901 | 5.768% | 97 | |
1 December 1900 | 540,743 | 56,367,178 | 7.81% | 104 | |
1 December 1905 | 540,778 | 60,641,489 | 7.58% | 112 | |
1 December 1910 | 540,858 | 64,925,993 | 7.07% | 120 | |
1 December 1916 | 540,858 | 62,272,185 | -4.09% | 115 | |
5 December 1917 | 540,858 | 62,615,275 | 0.55% | 116 | |
8 October 1919 | 474,304 | 60,898,584 | -2.74% | 128 | since 1919 without Westpreußen
|
16 June 1925 | 468,718 | 62,410,619 | 2.48% | 133 | since 1920 without Memelland, Saargebiet , since 1922 without Ostoberschlesien
|
16 June 1933 | 468,787 | 65,362,115 | 4.73% | 139 | |
17 May 1939 | 583,370 | 79,375,281 | 21.44% | 136 | since 1935 with Saargebiet, since 1938 with Ostmark and Sudetenland, since March 1939 with Memelland |
27 May 1942 [6] | |||||
1 March 1943 [7] | |||||
29 October 1946 | 353,460 | 65,137,274 | -17.94% | 184 | since 1945 without Ostgebiete des Deutschen Reiches, since 1946 without Saarland
|
Ethnic minorities in 1900
According to the census of 1900, among the total population of 56,367,178 there were 51,883,131 with the German language as their first and only language, plus 252,918 bilingual Germans. The largest minority was the Polish, with 3,086,489 (not including 142,049 Masurians and 100,213 Kashubians).[9] The census results also listed the districts with a minority larger than 5%, including many districts in which German speakers were a minority.[10] Many of these areas would later become part of the Second Polish Republic as a result of German territorial losses in the Treaty of Versailles.
East Germany (1949–1990)
The
Date | Area in km2 | Pop. | Pop. per km2 |
---|---|---|---|
31 August 1950 | 107,862 | 18,388,172 | 170 |
31 December 1964 | 108,304 | 17,003,655 | 157 |
1 January 1971 | 108,178 | 17,068,318 | 158 |
31 December 1981 | 108,333 | 16,705,635 | 154 |
Federal Republic of Germany (formerly known as West Germany) (since 1949)
Date | Area in km2 | Pop. | Pop. per km2 | Area changes |
---|---|---|---|---|
13 September 1950 | 245,770 | 49,842,624 | 203 | since 1949 without East Germany, East Berlin and Saarland, with West Berlin |
25 September 1956 | 245,860 | 52,195,100 | 212 | |
6 June 1961 | 248,456 | 56,174,826 | 226 | since 1957 with Saarland |
27 May 1970 | 248,469 | 60,650,584 | 244 | |
25 May 1987 | 248,626 | 61,077,042 | 246 | |
9 May 2011 | 357,168 | 80,200,000[12] | 225 | since 1990 with East Germany and East Berlin |
In the 1980s, attempts at introducing a census in
For 1991 a concurrent census in both West and East Germany had been planned, in the world. Former population censuses in Germany were complete enumerations obtained directly from the entire population in personal interviews or by questionnaire. For the 1987 population census, some 500 000 enumerators were required and for 2011, a change in methodology was planned, and the costs of the largely register-based census were expected to be only about one third of the expenditure of a traditional population census. Mainly the data already stored in the registers of the administrative authorities, in the population registers of the municipalities and the registers of the Federal Employment Agency was used. Additional data, like information on education, training and occupation, would be collected by an interview-based sample survey. The data on buildings and dwellings, for which there are no registers in Germany, would be collected by mail from all owners.[16]
See also
- Statistisches Bundesamt(Destatis)
- Demographics of Germany
- Judenzählung
Literature
- Kaiserliches Statistisches Amt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 1880–1918
- Statistisches Reichsamt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für das Deutsche Reich, 1919–1941/42
- Statistisches Bundesamt (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, 1952 ff.
- Staatliche Zentralverwaltung für Statistik (Hrsg.): Statistisches Jahrbuch der Deutschen Demokratischen Republik, 1955–1989
References
- ISBN 978-3-8258-8873-2 p. 272
- ^ Prof. Conrad Mannert: Statistik des deutschen Reiches, Bamberg and Würzburg, 1806, p. 48
- ^ Johann Daniel Albrecht Höck: Handbuch einer Statistik der deutschen Bundesstaaten, C. Cnobloch, 1821 p. 28
- ISBN 978-0-7146-1322-2 [1]
- ^ Polska i Polacy w propagandzie narodowego socjalizmu w Niemczech 1919-1945 Eugeniusz Cezary Król, page 216, Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, 2006
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
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: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link), only in Lithuanian areas. - ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-07-30.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "GHDI - Document".
- ^ Statistik des Deutschen Reichs. Band 150: Die Volkszählung am 1. Dezember 1900 im Deutschen Reich. Berlin, 1903, according to Deutsche Verwaltungsgeschichte 1871 - 1990 © 2006 by Dr. Michael Rademacher M.A., http://www.verwaltungsgeschichte.de/fremdsprachen.html Archived 2010-02-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Sportwetten Verwaltung – Eine langwierige Geschichte".
- ISBN 978-3-540-66108-5.
- ^ "Demographic Corrections: Census Downsizes German Population". Der Spiegel. May 31, 2013 – via Spiegel Online.
- ^ online, heise (25 May 2007). "Vor 20 Jahren: 10 Minuten, die allen helfen [Update]". heise online.
- ^ "Europe :: Germany — The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. 2 November 2022.
- ^ "The World Factbook — Central Intelligence Agency". www.cia.gov. Archived from the original on June 17, 2009.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office Archived June 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
External links
- Destatis zum nächsten Zensus 2011
- Historisch-Geographisches Informationssystem (HGIS)
- Historical facts about the German Minority Census of 1939
- GeoHive mit Daten und Resultaten von Volkszählungen weltweit
- Transkription der Volkszählungen in Schleswig-Holstein 1769 bis 1864
- Volkszählung vom 3.12.1852 im Kgr. Hannover