Chaoshan
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Chaoshan
潮汕地区 | |
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Country | China |
Province | Guangdong |
Major cities | |
Government | |
• Chaoshan ) |
Chaoshan or Teoswa (
Chao Shan people are mainly spread over Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, and Hainan; they have emigrated and established communities in Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia, Singapore, France, the United States, Canada, New Zealand, Indonesia, and other countries and coastal areas.[2] The Teochew Letters, which have been admitted into the Asia/Pacific Regional Memory of the World (MOW) Register, were family correspondence and remittance sent by Teochew immigrants in Southeast Asia to their families living in Chaoshan.
Etymology
The name "Chaoshan" (潮汕) is a contraction of two prefecture-level cities in the region: Chaozhou (潮州) and Shantou (汕头). The name was first used in the 1904 construction of the Chao Chow and Swatow Railway, which connected the two major cities. Chaoshan then became the general name for four prefecture-level cities: Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, and Shanwei. Chaozhou and Shantou have agglomerated into a single, dense metropolitan area, which is among China's most densely populated.[3] It is Guangdong's second largest metropolitan area, after the Guangzhou-centered Pearl River Delta. Chaozhou is a major cultural center of the Chaoshan region, and thus the descendants of overseas Chaoshan immigrants are often called "Chaozhou".[4]
Economy
The Chaoshan region, despite having the second largest economy in Guangdong after the Pearl River Delta, is still considered quite economically small in comparison to the PRD's economy.[5] Although the growth of the area's GDP stagnated in the late 1990s during the 1997 Asian financial crisis, it has experienced regional economic growth and a steady increase in GDP.[6] Li Ka-shing has also invested heavily in the education and healthcare of the region, recognizing its potential for growth; in 2023, he donated RMB 100 million to support the construction of a new inpatient building of the Chaozhou People’s Hospital.[7]
There have been proposals to the Chinese government to amalgamate the region into one
Geography
The Chaoshan region encompasses the cities of Chaozhou, Jieyang, and Shantou. It had a permanent population of 13,937,897 at the end of 2010, and covers an area of 10,415 km2 (4,021 sq mi) that stretches from Jieyang on the coast to the southern border of Fujian.[9]
Chaoshan is located in the east of Guangdong; it is bordered by Zhangzhou to its northeast and Meizhou in the northwest. The region has varying elevations, with highlands in northwest Chaoshan and low-lying deltas in the south and southeast. Two of the most notable mountain ranges in the northwest are the Phoenix Mountain Range (Chinese: 凤凰山; pinyin: Fènghuáng shān) and the Lotus Mountain Range (Chinese: 莲花山脉; pinyin: Liánhuā shānmài).[4] The region's flat terrain is served by three rivers and their tributaries: the Hanjiang (Chinese: 韩江), the Rongjiang (Chinese: 榕江), and the Lianjiang (Chinese: 练江).[4]
Chaoshan has a long
City | Romanization | Population (2010) | Image | Information | City Map |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shantou 汕头 |
Pinyin: Shàntóu Cantonese Yale: Saantàu Peng'im: Suan1-tao5 Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sòaⁿ-thâu |
5,391,028 | Shantou is the main city of the Chaoshan region. It is a port on the Special Economic Zones .Districts: |
||
Jieyang 揭阳 |
Pinyin: Jiēyáng Cantonese Yale: Kityèung Peng'im: Gig4-ion5 Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Kiat-iông |
5,877,025 | Jieyang is the most populous city in the region. It is one of the fastest-growing cities in terms of population. Districts: |
||
Chaozhou 潮州 |
Pinyin: Cháozhōu Cantonese Yale: Chìujāu Peng'im: Dio5-ziu1 Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tiô-chiu |
2,669,844 | Chaozhou is the smallest of the three cities in the Chaoshan region. It is an old town with a large historic and cultural value, which is now undergoing urbanisation. Districts: Chao'an
County: Raoping |
In March 2013, a proposal to merge
Energy
The area contains two coal-fired power plants with 1000 megawatt or greater outputs: Shantou Power Station (1200MW)[10] and Huilai Power Station (3200MW).[11]
Chaoshan is home to many active wind farms, including the
There are also plans to build a nuclear power plant in Jieyang, although the date by which construction will start has yet to be determined.[16]
Culture and language
Chaoshan has a culture that is distinct from its neighbours in Guangdong and the rest of China. It does, however, share similarities to the Minnan areas just north of Chaoshan in Fujian province. One of the main reasons is its language, the Chaoshan or Swatow dialect. This variant of Chinese has eight tones, compared to the six tones found in Cantonese and the four to five tones found in Mandarin, which made it one of the most difficult ones to master.[citation needed] Music, opera and Chaozhou cuisine are further characteristics that distinguish Chaoshan people from the rest of Guangdong.
According to historical records, the Chaoshan dialect originated in Qin and
Chaozhou
At the local teahouse, tea service is often accompanied by Chaozhou music (潮州音樂).
Chaoshan cuisine
Chaoshan cuisine, also known as Chiuchow cuisine, Chaozhou cuisine or Teochew cuisine, originated from the Chaoshan region in the eastern part of China's Guangdong Province, which includes the cities of Chaozhou, Shantou and Jieyang. Relative economic and linguistic isolation (most people also speak Mandarin) has helped maintain the Chaoshan area's local traditions, which has turned into a boon for foodies.[19]
Chaoshan cuisine, similar to Cantonese cooking, is characterized by the use of ingredients such as fresh seafood, poultry, galangal, Chinese basil, and vegetables.[19] Chaoshan dishes taste fresh, light and natural. There are also unique local sauces such as pruning soy sauce, Shantou sweet and spicy sauce, garlic white vinegar sauce, and fermented fish sauce. Salty, spicy, sweet or sour, each has its own outstanding flavor.[20] Teochew (also Chaoshan or Chiu Chow or Chaozhou) cooking focuses on restraint and subtlety and avoids heavy seasonings to highlight the freshness of ingredients.[21] The ingredients of Chaoshan dishes usually include white olives, rice noodles, or mandarin oranges.[21] These ingredients often come from the sea in Chaoshan, a hundred miles up the coast from Hong Kong.[21]
The cooking methods of Chaoshan dishes are diversified, including brining, deep-frying, pan-frying, braising, alive marinating, stewing, roasting, smoking, steam stewing, dressing, etc.[20] The most used method among these is brining. Chaoshan brined meat is the signature dish in Chaoshan cuisine. Meat is brined together with rich flavors. Local dishes also use marinated raw seafood, such as colorful flower crabs steeped in a bath of vinegar, salt, chilis and cilantro.[21] The seafood cooked in this way is extremely umami.
Chaoshan has a rich history of farming and drying seaweed, which Westerners might instinctively associate with Korean and Japanese cooking.[21] The ancient Teochew tradition of preparing thinly sliced raw fish was later exported to Japan, becoming known as sashimi.[21]
The most famous culinary method in Chaoshan is marinated broth stew, where poultry (especially local geese) and other meat are slow-cooked in a highly flavored broth.[19] This is different from Cantonese food, in which barbecued meat is arguably one of the most representative dishes.
-
Chaoshan seafood hotpot
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Drunken crabs
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Chaoshan beef hotpot
See also
- Chu Hua Yuan, the area's traditional coming-of-age ceremony
- Lingnan
- Lingnan culture
- Teochew people
- Thai Chinese
References
- ISBN 0-313-28853-4.
- ^ "Teochew People". Asia Cultural Travel. 22 January 2020.
- ^ "China: Administrative Division (Provinces and Prefectures) - Population Statistics, Charts and Map".
- ^ S2CID 240469453
- ^ Tian Guang. "Soft Power and Shantou Economic Special Zone Construction : A New Breakthrough Point for Development" (PDF). Na-businesspress.com. Retrieved 2022-01-27.
- ^ "Article 2: Transregional Communities and the Regional Economy: A Case Study of Development in the Chaoshan Region, China". UT Planning Forum.
- ^ "Inspiring change since 1980". Li Ka Shing Foundation.
- ^ a b "Calls for the creation of new SEZ in Shantou - Business". Chinadaily.com.cn.
- ^ "Study in Shantou". CUCAS (China's University and College Admission System).
- ^ "Power plant profile: Shantou Power Plant, China". Power Technology. 24 April 2023.
- ^ "Power plant profile: Huilai Power Plant, China". Power Technology. 26 November 2021.
- ^ "Nanao III Wind Farm". CLP Group.
- ^ "Project 1627 : Shibeishan Wind Power Generation Project in Huilai County, Guangdong Province". CDM (Clean Development Mechanism).
- ^ "China is building the world's largest wind farm and it could power 13m homes". Euronews.green. 25 October 2022.
- ^ "Power plant profile: Guangdong Jieyang Huilai No. 5 Wind Farm, China". Power Technology. December 2021.
- ^ "Nuclear Power in China". World Nuclear Association. Retrieved 6 December 2023.
- ISBN 978-90-272-0677-0.
- ISSN 1798-4769.
- ^ a b c "Chaoshan cuisine: A culinary tour through Chaoshan". Travel.cnn.com. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
- ^ a b "Chaoshan Cuisine / Teochew Cuisine in Chaozhou & Shantou". Travelchinaguide.com. Retrieved 2019-11-21.
- ^ a b c d e f "Chaoshan cuisine gets the spotlight on Netflix's new show, 'Flavorful Origins'". Los Angeles Times. 2019-02-25. Retrieved 2019-11-07.
External links
- Media related to Chaoshan at Wikimedia Commons