Chott Melrhir
Chott Melrhir | |
---|---|
Endorheic salt lake | |
Catchment area | 68,750 km2 (26,540 sq mi)[1][2] |
Basin countries | Algeria |
Surface area | 6,700 km2 (2,600 sq mi)[3] |
Official name | Chott Melghir |
Designated | 4 June 2003 |
Reference no. | 1296[4] |
Chott Melrhir (
Hydrology, geology and geography
During the rain season in winter, the lake is filled by numerous wadi (periodically drying rivers), mostly from north and north-west. The largest of them are the Djedi and Arab[2][9] running from west to east down the slopes of Aurès Mountains.[10] Others include Abiod, Beggour Mitta, Biskra, Bir Az Atrous, Cheria, Demmed, Dermoun, Derradj, Djedeida, Djemorah, Halail, Horchane, Ittel, Mechra, Melh, Mzi, Messad, Oum El Ksob, Soukies, Tadmit and Zeribet.[1][11] In summer, the lake and most of the rivers feeding it dry out, and Chott Melrhir turns into a salt pan.[3][12] The annual water evaporation varies between 9.6 and 20 km3, and evaporation from soil nearby the lake can reach 14 km3.[2]
Chott Melrhir is separated from the nearby Chott Meorouane, which lies south-west, by a stripe of permanently dry land which can be as narrow as 4 kilometers in some places.[8] The bottom of the lake is mostly composed of gypsum and mud and is covered in salt in summer. The lake emits a garlic-like odor.[13] Although the dry soil in and around the lake appears arable, it is nearly barren due to the high concentration of salt. For the same reason, the soil absorbs much condensation overnight that keeps it partly humid during much of the day.[14]
Climate
The climate in the Chott Melrhir is hot and arid with high evaporation and low precipitation. The average lowest and highest temperatures are 11.4 and 34.2 °C, respectively, and the minimum temperature is about 0 °C. Annual precipitation is below 160 mm. The winds have a speed between 2.7 and 5.3 m/s and are mostly directed south-east between June and September and north-west between autumn and early spring. Sandstorms are more frequent in winter and late summer and last 39 days per year on average.[1][2]
Flora and fauna
The shallow waters of the lake contain scarce vegetation composed of 72 species of plants which have adapted to salty water, such as sea lavender (
References
- ^ ISSN 1112-3680. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2010-06-14.
- ^ a b c d e f g Chott Melghir Archived November 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Ministere de l'Agriculture. Direction Generale des Forets (in French)
- ^ a b c В. М. Котляков Мельгир (Chott Melrhir)[permanent dead link], Словарь современных географических названий (Dictionary of modern geographical names), 2003–2006
- ^ "Chott Melghir". Ramsar Sites Information Service. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ISBN 0-19-924515-0, p. 113
- ISBN 1-60239-727-9, p. 10
- ^ Chott Melrhir, Encyclopædia Britannica on-line
- ^ ISBN 2-88032-949-3pp. 23–24
- ^ Chott Melhrir Archived 2011-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Jean-Louis Ballais. Des oueds mythiques aux rivières artificielles: l'hydrographie du Bas-Sahara algérien (in French). pp. 107–127.
- ^ Annales des mines: Mémoires, Cadrilian-Gœury et Vor. Dalmont, 1880 pp. 154, 159, 172
- ^ Algérie. États et Territoires (in French)
- ^ The Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Including Zoology, Botany, and Geology, Taylor and Francis (1871) p. 377
- ^ Henry Woodward Geological Magazine, Volume 1, Cambridge University Press., 1864, p. 28
- ISBN 2-88032-300-2, p. 28
- ^ Samraoui, Boudjéma; et al. (2006). "Large branchiopods (Branchiopoda: Anostraca, Notostraca and Spinicaudata) from the salt lakes of Algeria" (PDF). J. Limnol. 65 (2): 83–88. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2010-10-15.
- ^ The List of Wetlands of International Importance, p. 5