Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll
Colin Campbell | |
---|---|
2nd Lord Campbell | |
Born | ca. 1433 |
Died | 10 May 1493 |
Buried | Kilmun Parish Church, Cowal, Scotland. |
Nationality | Scottish |
Residence | Castle Campbell |
Spouse(s) | Isabel Stewart |
Issue | Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll Hon. Thomas Campbell Margaret Campbell, Lady Seton Isabel Campbell-Drummond Helen Campbell, Countess of Eglinton Elizabeth Campbell, Lady Oliphant Mary Campbell-MacDonald Agnes Campbell Catharine Campbell-MacLeod |
Parents | Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell Elizabeth Somerville |
Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll (c. 1433 – 10 May 1493)[1] was a medieval Scottish nobleman, peer, and politician. He was the son of Archibald Campbell, Master of Campbell and Elizabeth Somerville, daughter of John Somerville, 3rd Lord Somerville. He had the sobriquet Colin Mulle, Bold Earl Colin.[2]
Biography
Colin Campbell's father, Archibald Campbell Master of Campbell, died in 1440 and young Colin became the heir of his grandfather
His uncle Colin arranged his marriage with Isabella Stewart, daughter and co-heiress of John Stewart, Lord Lorne (d.1463).[5] Through this marriage, he received Castle Gloom (he would change the name of the castle to "Castle Campbell" in February 1490), and the neighboring estate in the parish of Dollar in Clackmannanshire.[5] Castle Campbell then became the primary seat of the Earls and Dukes of Argyll for the next two centuries.[citation needed]
The exact date of the marriage is unknown, but in 1460, shortly after the boy-king, James III of Scotland, came to the throne, Campbell was called upon to intervene in a feud in his wife's family. Allan MacDougall (called Allan of Lorne of the Wood), desiring to hold the estates belonging to his elder brother, John Ker of Lorne, seized his brother and imprisoned him in a dungeon on the island of Kerrera, with the intention of starving him to death. Campbell appeared with a fleet of war galleys and completely defeated MacDougall, burning his fleet, killing most of his men, and restoring the elder brother to his rightful inheritance.[6]
Servant of James III
Colin Campbell was often sent on diplomatic missions, the first in 1463, when King James III sent him to negotiate a
In 1464, Campbell was made master of the
As a result of his marriage with Isabel Stewart, Campbell acquired the title
On 15 January 1472, King James III granted
In 1474, Campbell was again sent as a commissioner to treat with King Edward IV, regarding breaches of the truce. In the resulting pact, which was to endure until July 1483, a marriage was arranged between Prince James Stewart of Scotland (King James III's son) and Princess Cecily of England (King Edward IV's daughter), a match which did not come to pass due to continued hostilities between the two nations.[16]
In 1475, when King James III was trying to subjugate John of Islay, Earl of Ross, Campbell was given a commission of lieutenancy to execute the forfeiture of the Earl of Ross' lands.[17] In 1479, he was confirmed in the offices of Lieutenant and Commissary of Argyll, which had been held by his ancestors, Gillespic and Colin Campbell, since 1382.[18]
Further favors came to the Earl of Argyll in 1480, when the King granted him 160
In 1484, Campbell was active in diplomatic campaigns. In July, he was sent as a commissioner to Paris to renew the "ancient league" between France and Scotland, a mission completed on 9 July.[7] Then on 21 September, once King James III had gotten the upper hand against the rebels, he was part of the delegation who met with King Richard III of England at Nottingham to conclude peace, a treaty which was to run until September 1487. He was also appointed to periodically meet with the English at Berwick to determine whether or not the stipulations in the treaty were being followed. To strengthen the resolve of the parties and to keep the truce, a second marriage was arranged, between Prince James Stewart and Lady Ann de la Pole (1476–1495), daughter of John de la Pole, 2nd Duke of Suffolk, and a niece of King Richard III. This second marriage negotiation collapsed as a result of King Richard's defeat at the Battle of Bosworth in 1485.[22]
Rebellion against James III
Campbell threw in with the rebels, after Parliament had strengthened King James's hand against the rebellious nobles in October 1487.[7] At about this time, the King forced Campbell out of the chancellorship,[23] in favor of William Elphinstone, Bishop of Aberdeen. In 1488, Campbell was not present at the Battle of Sauchieburn on 11 June, or in the days following, because he was in England on an embassy to King Henry VII of England,[7] having been sent there on behalf of Prince James Stewart and the rebels to seek English help against King James III.[24]
After Prince James was crowned as "James IV", he restored Campbell to the position of High Chancellor.[7] Furthermore, the new king gave him the lands of Rosneath in Dunbartonshire on 9 January 1490, which remained in the Campbell family until 1939.[25] Campbell continued in favor with King James IV, and on 21 December 1491, he was one of the conservators of the truce between England and Scotland, which was extended to 1496.[26][27] One author has claimed that, one reason James III of Scotland has long had a sinister reputation is that "such accounts as we have of him are written by the partisans of his unruly nobles, such as the Earls of Argyll, Lennox, and Angus".[28]
Colin Campbell, 1st Earl of Argyll, died in 1493, and was buried at Kilmun Parish Church on Cowal Peninsula. He was succeeded by his eldest son, Archibald Campbell.[29]
Family
By his wife, Isabel Stewart, Campbell had two sons and seven daughters:[30]
- Archibald Campbell, 2nd Earl of Argyll
- Forfarshire.
- Margaret Campbell, married to George Seton, Lord Seton.
- Isabel Campbell, married to William Drummond, Master of Drummond, grandmother of David Drummond, 2nd Lord Drummond of Cargill, ancestor of the Earls of Perth.
- Helen Campbell, married to Hugh Montgomerie, 1st Earl of Eglinton.
- Elizabeth Campbell, married to John Oliphant, 2nd Lord Oliphant.
- Mary Campbell, married to Aonghas MacDonald, natural son and heir of John of Islay, Earl of Ross.
- Agnes Campbell, said to have been married to Alexander Mackenzie of Kintail, though some state this is disproved.[31][32]
- Catharine Campbell, married first Lachlan Og Maclean and second Torquil MacLeod of Clan MacLeod of Lewis.
References
- ^ a b Henderson, Thomas Findlayson, ed. (1886). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 08. London: Smith. p. 8:345. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Bulloch, John (September 1903). Bulloch, John (ed.). "Notable Men and Women of Argyleshire". Scottish Notes and Queries. 5: 35. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Kippis, Andrew (1784). Kippis, Andrew (ed.). Biographia Britannica (2nd ed.). London. p. 3:177. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Cokayne, George; Gibbs, Vicary (1910). The Complete Peerage (Rev. ed.). London: St. Catherine. p. 198. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ a b Bulloch. Scottish Notes. D. Wyllie and Son.
- ^ Tytler, Patrick Fraser (1866). The History of Scotland. Edinburgh. p. 158. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e f g Henderson. DNB.
- ISBN 9781851093588. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Brydges, Egerton (1812). Collins's Peerage of England. London. p. 7:423. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Turpie, Thomas J. M. "Scottish Saints, Cults, and Pilgrimage from the Black Death to the Reformation, c.1349–1560". Edinburgh Research Archive. University of Edinburgh. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- ^ Paul, James Balfour, ed. (1904). The Scots Peerage. Edinburgh: David Douglas. p. 1:333. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Brydges. Collins's Peerage. p. 423.
- ^ Cokayne. Complete Peerage. p. 148.
- ^ Jamieson, John; Brown, William (1830). Select Views of the Royal Palaces of Scotland. Edinburgh. p. 22. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
- ^ Paul. Scots Peerage. p. 333.
- ^ Brydges. Collins's Peerage. p. 424.
- ISBN 978-0752419916.
- ^ Cokayne. Complete Peerage. p. 198.
- ^ Fourth Report of the Royal Commission on Historic Manuscripts. London. 1874. p. 1:476.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Taylor, James (1899). The Great Historic Families of Scotland. London. p. 1:111. Retrieved 23 January 2017.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Brydges. Collins's Peerage. p. 426.
- ^ Brydges. Collins's Peerage. p. 425.
- ISBN 9780199550371.
- ^ Smith, George Gregory (1911). . In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 447.
- ISBN 978-0859766319.
- ^ Paul (1904). Scots Peerage. D. Douglas.
- ^ Brydges. Collins's Peerage. p. 427.
- ^ Lang. Encyc. Britannica.
- ^ "List of Burials". Historic Kilmun. Retrieved 24 January 2017.
- ^ Paul. Scots Peerage. p. 1:334–35.
- ^ Paul. Scots Peerage. p. 1:335.
- ISBN 9781976157844.)
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: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link