Conservative government, 1957–1964

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Harold Macmillan led the Government from 1957–1963 and was succeeded by Lord (Alec) Home.
Alec Douglas-Home led the Government from 1963. He was defeated at the 1964 general election.

The Conservative government of the United Kingdom that began in 1957 and ended in 1964 consisted of three ministries: the first Macmillan ministry, second Macmillan ministry, and then the Douglas-Home ministry. They were respectively led by Harold Macmillan and Sir Alec Douglas-Home, who were appointed by Queen Elizabeth II.

History

Formation of the first Macmillan ministry

Foreign Secretary and Chancellor of the Exchequer, was chosen over Rab Butler
as the new party leader and consequently as Prime Minister.

Harold Macmillan tried to placate Butler, who had stood against Macmillan as leader, by appointing him to the senior position of

and succeeded Lennox-Boyd as Secretary of State for the Colonies in 1961.

1959 general election and second Macmillan ministry

The Conservatives comfortably won the 1959 general election, increasing their majority in the House of Commons, following a campaign slogan "Life's better with the Conservatives". This centred on the consistently low unemployment, strong economy and rising standard of living that much of the British population was enjoying in the late 1950s.

However, a series of economic measures in the early 1960s caused the popularity of the Conservative Party to decline. Macmillan tried to remedy this by a major cabinet reshuffle in July 1962. Seven cabinet members were sacked in what became nicknamed the "

Minister of Defence. Rab Butler was also promoted to the office of First Secretary of State. The reshuffle was controversial within the Conservative Party, and was seen as a betrayal by many. Macmillan's credibility was also affected by the 1963 Profumo affair; he was now in his 69th year, and had until after his 70th birthday to call the next general election. The election of Harold Wilson as Labour Party leader early in the year, following the sudden death of Hugh Gaitskell
, was well received by voters, with opinion polls showing the Labour Party ascendant.

However, it was still considered a surprise when Macmillan resigned in October 1963.

Douglas-Home becomes Prime Minister

Macmillan's resignation saw a three-way tussle for the party leadership and premiership. Given that it was not considered appropriate for a Prime Minister to be a member of the House of Lords, the Earl of Home and Lord Hailsham both disclaimed their peerages under the Peerage Act 1963, and became known respectively as Sir Alec Douglas-Home and Quintin Hogg. Rab Butler was also in the running for the post, but Douglas-Home was finally chosen to succeed Macmillan. This was seen as controversial, for it was alleged that Macmillan had pulled strings and used the party's grandees, nicknamed "The Magic Circle", to ensure that Butler was once again overlooked.

In the Douglas-Home ministry, Rab Butler became Foreign Secretary, and Henry Brooke replaced Butler as Home Secretary. Reginald Maudling continued as Chancellor, while Quintin Hogg remained as Lord President of the Council and Minister for Sports. He could not continue as Leader of the House of Lords, having ceased to be a member of it, but was made Minister for Education in April 1964. Selwyn Lloyd also returned to the government after a one-year absence, as Leader of the House of Commons. Douglas-Home's government was defeated in the October 1964 general election. He remained party leader until July 1965.

The 1957–1964 Conservative government saw several emerging figures who would later attain high office. Future Prime Minister

Christopher Soames, Bill Deedes, Airey Neave and the Marquess of Salisbury
.

Cabinets

First Macmillan ministry

Macmillan ministries
1957–1963
Deputy Prime MinisterRab Butler (1962–1963)
Ministers removed"Night of the Long Knives"
Member party  Conservative Party
Status in legislatureMajority
345 / 630 (55%)
(1957)
365 / 630 (58%)
(1959)
Opposition party  Labour Party
Opposition leader
History
Election(s)1959 general election
Legislature term(s)
PredecessorEden ministry
SuccessorDouglas-Home ministry

January 1957 – October 1959

Changes

Second Macmillan ministry

October 1959 – July 1960

July 1960 – October 1961

October 1961 – July 1962

July 1962 – October 1963

In a radical reshuffle dubbed "The Night of the Long Knives", Macmillan sacked a third of his Cabinet and instituted many other changes.

Douglas-Home ministry

Douglas-Home ministry
1963–1964
Douglas-Home (c. 1963)
Date formed19 October 1963 (1963-10-19)
Date dissolved16 October 1964 (1964-10-16)
People and organisations
MonarchElizabeth II
Prime MinisterSir Alec Douglas-Home
Member party  Conservative Party
Status in legislatureMajority
365 / 630 (58%)
Opposition party  Labour Party
Opposition leaderHarold Wilson
History
Outgoing election1964 general election
Legislature term(s)42nd UK Parliament
PredecessorSecond Macmillan ministry
SuccessorFirst Wilson ministry

October 1963 – October 1964

Changes
  • April 1964 – Quintin Hogg became Secretary of State for Education and Science. Peter Thorneycroft's position became Secretary of State for Defence. Sir Edward Boyle left the cabinet

List of ministers

Members of the Cabinet are in bold face.

Office Name Dates Notes
Prime Minister
and First Lord of the Treasury
Harold Macmillan 10 January 1957 – 13 October 1963  
Sir Alec Douglas-Home 18 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 Until 23 October 1963, when he renounced his hereditary peerage, he was The Earl of Home and was known as Lord Home
First Secretary of State
R. A. Butler
13 July 1962 Office wound up 18 October 1963
Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain
The Viscount Kilmuir
14 January 1957 Continued in office
The Lord Dilhorne
13 July 1962  
Lord President of the Council The Marquess of Salisbury 13 January 1957 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Earl of Home 29 March 1957 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Viscount Hailsham 17 September 1957
The Earl of Home 14 October 1959 also Leader of the House of Lords
The Viscount Hailsham 27 July 1960 Also Minister for Science until 1964 and Leader of the House of Lords until 20 October 1963
Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
R. A. Butler
13 January 1957 Also Home Secretary and Leader of the House of Commons
The Viscount Hailsham 14 October 1959 Also Minister for Science
Edward Heath 27 July 1960  
Selwyn Lloyd 20 October 1963 also Leader of the House of Commons
Chancellor of the Exchequer Peter Thorneycroft 13 January 1957  
Derick Heathcoat-Amory
6 January 1958  
Selwyn Lloyd 27 July 1960  
Reginald Maudling 13 July 1962  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Treasury Edward Heath 17 January 1957  
Martin Redmayne
14 October 1959  
Financial Secretary to the Treasury Enoch Powell 16 January 1957  
Jocelyn Simon
6 January 1958  
Sir Edward Boyle 22 October 1959  
Anthony Barber
16 July 1962  
Alan Green 23 October 1963  
Economic Secretary to the Treasury
Nigel Birch
16 January 1957 Office vacant from 6 January 1958
Frederick Erroll
23 October 1958  
Anthony Barber 22 October 1959  
Edward du Cann 16 July 1962  
Maurice Macmillan 21 October 1963  
Lords of the Treasury
Martin Redmayne
21 January 1957 – 14 October 1959  
Peter Legh
21 January 1957 – 17 September 1957  
Edward Wakefield
21 January 1957 – 23 October 1958  
Harwood Harrison 21 January 1957 – 16 January 1959  
Anthony Barber 9 April 1957 – 19 February 1958  
Richard Brooman-White 28 October 1957 – 21 June 1958  
Paul Bryan 19 February 1958 – 9 February 1961  
Michael Hughes-Young 23 October 1958 – 6 March 1962  
Graeme Bell Finlay
16 January 1959 – 28 October 1960  
David Gibson-Watt 22 October 1959 – 29 November 1961  
Robin Chichester-Clark 21 June 1960 – 29 November 1961  
John Hill
28 October 1960 – 16 October 1964  
William Whitelaw 6 March 1961 – 16 July 1962  
John Peel 29 November 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Michael Noble 29 November 1961 – 13 July 1962  
Francis Pearson 6 March 1962 – 19 October 1963  
Gordon Campbell 6 September 1962 – 12 December 1963  
Michael Hamilton 6 September 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Martin McLaren 21 November 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Ian MacArthur 12 December 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
Selwyn Lloyd 14 January 1957  
The Earl of Home 27 July 1960  
Rab Butler 20 October 1963  
Minister of State for Foreign Affairs
Allan Noble 16 January 1957 – 16 January 1959  
David Ormsby-Gore 16 January 1957 – 27 June 1961  
John Profumo 16 January 1959 – 27 July 1960  
Joseph Godber 27 June 1961 – 27 June 1963  
The Earl of Dundee 9 October 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Peter Thomas 27 June 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
The Earl of Gosford 18 January 1957 – 23 October 1958  
Ian Harvey 18 January 1957 – 24 November 1958  
The Marquess of Lansdowne
23 October 1958 – 20 April 1962  
John Profumo 28 November 1958 – 16 January 1959  
Robert Allan 16 January 1959 – 7 October 1960  
Joseph Godber 28 October 1960 – 27 June 1961  
Peter Thomas 27 June 1961 – 27 June 1963  
Peter Smithers 16 July 1962 – 29 January 1964  
Robert Mathew 30 January 1964 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for the Home Department
R. A. Butler
13 January 1957 also Leader of the House of Commons until 1961
Henry Brooke 13 July 1963  
Minister of State for Home Affairs
Dennis Vosper
28 October 1960 New office
David Renton
27 June 1961  
The Earl Jellicoe 17 July 1962  
The Lord Derwent 21 October 1963  
Under-Secretary of State for the Home Department
Patricia Hornsby-Smith
18 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Jocelyn Simon
18 January 1957 – 6 January 1958  
David Renton
17 January 1958 – 27 June 1961  
Dennis Vosper
22 October 1959 – 28 October 1960  
The Earl Bathurst 8 February 1961 – 16 July 1962  
Charles Fletcher-Cooke 27 June 1961 – 27 February 1963  
Christopher Montague Woodhouse 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Mervyn Pike 1 March 1963 – 16 October 1964  
First Lord of the Admiralty The Earl of Selkirk 16 January 1957  
The Lord Carrington 16 October 1959  
The Earl Jellicoe 22 October 1963 Office reorganised 1 April 1964 under Ministry of Defence
Parliamentary and Financial Secretary to the Admiralty
Christopher Soames
18 January 1957  
Robert Allan 17 January 1958  
Charles Ian Orr-Ewing
16 January 1959 Office vacant 16 October 1959
Civil Lord of the Admiralty Tam Galbraith 18 January 1957  
Ian Orr-Ewing
16 October 1959  
John Hay 3 May 1963  
Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
Derick Heathcoat Amory
14 January 1957  
John Hare 6 January 1958  
Christopher Soames
27 July 1960  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food
The Earl St Aldwyn 18 January 1957  
Joseph Godber 18 January 1957 – 28 October 1960  
The Earl Waldegrave
27 June 1958 – 16 July 1962  
William Vane
28 October 1960 – 16 July 1962  
The Lord St Oswald
16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
James Scott-Hopkins 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for Air George Ward 16 January 1957  
Julian Amery 28 October 1960  
Hugh Fraser 16 July 1962 Office reorganised under Ministry of Defence 1 April 1964
Under-Secretary of State for Air
Ian Orr-Ewing
18 January 1957  
Airey Neave 16 January 1959  
William Taylor 16 October 1959  
Julian Ridsdale 16 January 1962  
Minister of Aviation
Duncan Sandys 14 October 1959  
Peter Thorneycroft 27 July 1960  
Julian Amery 16 July 1962  
Parliamentary Secretary for Aviation
Geoffrey Rippon 22 October 1959  
Montague Woodhouse 9 October 1961  
Basil de Ferranti 16 July 1962  
Neil Marten 3 December 1962  
Secretary of State for the Colonies Alan Lennox-Boyd 14 January 1957  
Iain Macleod 14 October 1959  
Reginald Maudling 9 October 1961  
Duncan Sandys 13 July 1962 Joint with Commonwealth Relations
Minister of State for the Colonies
The Earl of Perth
16 January 1957  
The Marquess of Lansdowne
20 April 1962 Joint with Commonwealth Relations from 21 October 1963
Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies John Profumo 17 January 1957  
Julian Amery 28 November 1958  
Hugh Fraser 28 October 1960  
Nigel Fisher 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Richard Hornby 24 October 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations The Earl of Home 14 January 1957 also Leader of the House of Lords from 19 March 1957
Duncan Sandys 27 July 1960 Jointly with Colonial Office from 13 July 1962
Minister of State for Commonwealth Relations
Cuthbert Alport
22 October 1959 – 8 February 1961  
The Duke of Devonshire 6 September 1962 – 16 October 1964 With Colonial Office from 21 October 1963
Under-Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations
Cuthbert Alport
18 January 1957  
Richard Thompson 22 October 1959  
The Duke of Devonshire 28 October 1960 – 6 September 1962  
Bernard Braine 8 February 1961 – 16 July 1962  
John Tilney 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Minister of Defence
Duncan Sandys 13 January 1957  
Harold Watkinson
14 October 1959  
Peter Thorneycroft 13 July 1962 Secretary of State for Defence from 1 April 1964 
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Defence
The Lord Mancroft 18 January 1957 Office vacant 11 June 1957
Minister of State for Air Hugh Fraser 1 April 1964  
Minister of State for Army James Ramsden 1 April 1964  
Minister of State for Navy The Earl Jellicoe 1 April 1964  
Under-Secretary of State for Air Julian Ridsdale 1 April 1964  
Under-Secretary of State for Army
Peter Kirk
1 April 1964  
Under-Secretary of State for Navy John Hay 1 April 1964  
Minister of Education The Viscount Hailsham 13 January 1957  
Geoffrey Lloyd
17 September 1957  
Sir David Eccles 14 October 1959  
Quintin Hogg 1 April 1964 Secretary of State for Education and Science
Minister of State for Education
Sir Edward Boyle 1 April 1964  
Peter Legh
1 April 1964 Office note in Cabinet
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Education Sir Edward Boyle 18 January 1957  
Kenneth Thompson 22 October 1959  
Christopher Chataway 16 July 1962 Offices reorganised 1 April 1964
Under-Secretary of State for Education The Earl of Bessborough 1 April 1964  
Christopher Chataway 1 April 1964  
Minister of Health
Dennis Vosper
16 January 1957  
Derek Walker-Smith
17 September 1957  
Enoch Powell 27 July 1960 In Cabinet from 13 July 1962
Anthony Barber 20 October 1963  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Health John Vaughan-Morgan 18 January 1957  
Richard Thompson 17 September 1957  
Edith Pitt 22 October 1959  
Bernard Braine 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
The Lord Newton 6 September 1962 – 1 April 1964  
The Marquess of Lothian 24 March 1964 – 16 October 1964  
Minister of Housing, Local Government and Welsh Affairs Henry Brooke 13 January 1957  
Charles Hill 9 October 1961  
Sir Keith Joseph 13 July 1962  
Minister of State for Welsh Affairs The Lord Brecon 12 December 1957  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Housing and Local Government Reginald Bevins 18 January 1957  
Sir Keith Joseph 22 October 1959 – 9 October 1961  
The Earl Jellicoe 27 June 1961 – 16 July 1962  
Geoffrey Rippon 9 October 1961 – 16 July 1962  
Frederick Corfield 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
The Lord Hastings 3 December 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Minister of Labour and National Service Iain Macleod 14 January 1957  
Edward Heath 14 October 1959  
John Hare 27 July 1960  
Joseph Godber 20 October 1963  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Labour
Robert Carr
19 January 1957  
Richard Wood 14 April 1958  
Peter Thomas 22 October 1959  
Alan Green 27 June 1961  
William Whitelaw 16 July 1962  
Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster Charles Hill 13 January 1957  
Iain Macleod 9 October 1961 also Leader of the House of Commons
The Lord Blakenham
20 October 1963  
Paymaster General Reginald Maudling 16 January 1957 Office in Cabinet from 17 September 1957
The Lord Mills 14 October 1959  
Henry Brooke 9 October 1961 Also Chief Secretary to the Treasury
John Boyd-Carpenter
13 July 1962  
Minister of Pensions and National Insurance
John Boyd-Carpenter
16 January 1957  
Niall Macpherson
16 July 1962  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Pensions
Edith Pitt 19 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Richard Wood 19 January 1957 – 14 April 1958  
William Vane
14 April 1958 – 20 October 1960  
Patricia Hornsby-Smith
22 October 1959 – 31 August 1961  
Bernard Braine 28 October 1960 – 8 February 1961  
Richard Sharples 8 February 1961 – 16 July 1962  
Margaret Thatcher 9 October 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Lynch Maydon 16 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Minister without Portfolio The Earl of Munster 16 January 1957  
The Lord Mancroft
11 June 1957  
The Earl of Dundee
23 October 1958  
The Lord Mills 9 October 1961 – 14 July 1962 Office in Cabinet
William Deedes 13 July 1962 – 16 October 1964  
The Lord Carrington 20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 also Leader of the House of Lords
Postmaster-General
Ernest Marples 16 January 1957  
Reginald Bevins 22 October 1959  
Assistant Postmaster-General Kenneth Thompson 18 January 1957  
Mervyn Pike 22 October 1959  
Raymond Llewellyn Mawby
1 March 1963  
Minister of Power The Lord Mills 13 January 1957  
Richard Wood 14 October 1959 Office not in Cabinet
Frederick Erroll
20 October 1963 Office back in Cabinet
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Power
David Renton
18 January 1957  
Sir Ian Horobin 17 January 1958  
John George 22 October 1959  
John Peyton 25 June 1962  
Minister of Science The Viscount Hailsham 14 October 1959 also
Secretary of State for Education and Science
Secretary of State for Scotland
John Maclay
13 January 1957  
Michael Noble 13 July 1962  
Minister of State for Scotland
The Lord Strathclyde
17 January 1957  
The Lord Forbes 23 October 1958  
Jack Nixon Browne
22 October 1959 Lord Craigton
Under-Secretary of State for Scotland
Jack Nixon Browne
18 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Niall Macpherson 19 January 1957 – 28 October 1960  
Lord John Hope 18 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Tam Galbraith 22 October 1959 – 8 November 1962  
Gilmour Leburn 22 October 1959 – 15 August 1963  
Richard Brooman-White 28 October 1960 – 12 December 1963  
The Lady Tweedsmuir
3 December 1962 – 16 October 1964  
Anthony Stodart 19 August 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Gordon Campbell 12 December 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Minister of Supply Aubrey Jones 16 January 1957 Office wound up 22 October 1959
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Supply William Taylor 18 January 1957 Office wound up 22 October 1959
Minister for Technical Cooperation
Dennis Vosper
27 June 1961  
Robert Carr
9 May 1963  
President of the Board of Trade Sir David Eccles 13 January 1957  
Reginald Maudling 14 October 1959  
Frederick Erroll 9 October 1961  
Edward Heath 20 October 1963 Also Secretary of State for Industry, Trade and Regional Development
Minister of State for Trade
Derek Walker-Smith
16 January 1957  
John Vaughan-Morgan 17 September 1957  
Frederick Erroll
22 October 1959  
Sir Keith Joseph 9 October 1961  
Alan Green 16 July 1962 – 23 October 1963  
The Lord Derwent 6 September 1962 – 23 October 1963  
The Lord Drumalbyn 23 October 1963 – 16 October 1964 Formerly N Macpherson
Edward du Cann 21 October 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Board of Trade Frederick Erroll 18 January 1957  
John Rodgers
24 October 1958  
Niall Macpherson 28 October 1960  
David Price 17 July 1962  
Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation
Harold Watkinson
13 January 1957 Civil aviation separated 14 October 1959
Ernest Marples 14 October 1959  
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Transport
Richard Nugent
18 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
Airey Neave 18 January 1957 – 16 January 1959  
John Hay 16 January 1959 – 3 May 1963  
The Lord Chesham 22 October 1959 – 16 October 1964  
John Hughes-Hallett 26 April 1961 – 16 October 1964  
Tam Galbraith 3 May 1963 – 16 October 1964  
Secretary of State for War John Hare 16 January 1957  
Christopher Soames 6 January 1958  
John Profumo 27 July 1960  
Joseph Godber 27 June 1963  
James Ramsden 21 October 1963 Reorganised under Ministry of Defence 1 April 1964
Under-Secretary of State and Financial Secretary for War
Julian Amery 18 January 1957  
Hugh Fraser 28 November 1958  
James Ramsden 28 October 1960  
Peter Kirk
24 October 1963  
Minister of Works Hugh Molson 16 January 1957  
Lord John Hope 22 October 1959  
Geoffrey Rippon 16 July 1962 Minister of Public Building and Works. In Cabinet from 20 October 1963
Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Works Harmar Nicholls 18 January 1957  
Richard Thompson 28 October 1960  
Richard Sharples 16 July 1962  
Attorney General Sir Reginald Manningham-Buller 17 January 1957  
Sir John Hobson 16 July 1962  
Solicitor General Sir Harry Hylton-Foster 17 January 1957  
Sir Jocelyn Simon
22 October 1959  
Sir John Hobson 8 February 1962  
Sir Peter Rawlinson 19 July 1962  
Lord Advocate
William Rankine Milligan
17 January 1957  
William Grant 5 April 1960  
Ian Shearer 12 October 1962 Not an MP
Solicitor General for Scotland William Grant 17 January 1957  
David Colville Anderson
11 May 1960  
Norman Wylie
27 April 1964  
Treasurer of the Household Hendrie Oakshott 19 January 1957  
Peter Legh 16 January 1959 Lord Newton
Edward Wakefield
21 June 1960  
Michael Hughes-Young 6 March 1962  
Comptroller of the Household Gerald Wills 19 January 1957 Knighted
Edward Wakefield
23 October 1958  
Harwood Harrison 16 January 1959  
Robin Chichester-Clark 29 November 1961  
Vice-Chamberlain of the Household Richard Thompson 21 January 1957  
Peter Legh 17 September 1957  
Edward Wakefield
16 January 1959  
Richard Brooman-White 21 June 1960  
Graeme Finlay 28 October 1960  
Captain of the Gentlemen-at-Arms
The Earl Fortescue 21 January 1957  
The Earl St Aldwyn 27 June 1958  
Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard The Earl of Onslow 21 January 1957  
The Lord Newton
28 October 1960  
The Viscount Goschen 6 September 1962  
Lords in Waiting
The Lord Hawke 21 January 1957 – 11 June 1957  
The Lord Fairfax of Cameron 21 January 1957 – 21 June 1957  
The Lord Chesham 21 January 1957 – 22 October 1959  
The Marquess of Lansdowne
11 June 1957 – 23 October 1958  
The Earl Bathurst 17 September 1957 – 8 February 1961  
The Earl of Gosford 23 October 1958 – 22 October 1959  
The Lord St Oswald 22 October 1959 – 16 July 1962  
The Earl Jellicoe 8 February 1961 – 27 June 1961  
The Lord Hastings 6 March 1961 – 3 December 1962  
The Lord Denham 27 June 1961 – 16 October 1964  
The Marquess of Lothian 6 September 1962 – 3 March 1964  
The Earl Ferrers 3 December 1962 – 10 October 1964  

References

  • D. Butler and G. Butler (ed.). Twentieth Century British Political Facts 1900–2000.
Preceded by Government of the United Kingdom
1957–1964
Succeeded by