Cost-push inflation

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Aggregate supply – aggregate demand model
illustration of aggregate supply (AS) shifting to AS' and causing price level to increase while output shrinks
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Cost-push inflation is a purported type of

goods or services where no suitable alternative is available. As businesses face higher prices for underlying inputs, they are forced to increase prices of their outputs. It is contrasted with the theory of demand-pull inflation. Both accounts of inflation have at various times been put forward, with inconclusive evidence as to which explanation is superior.[1] Cost-push inflation can also result from a rise in expected inflation, which in turn the workers will demand higher wages, thus causing inflation.[2]

One example of cost-push inflation is the

price/wage spiral, so that a supply shock can have persistent effects.[3]

The existence of cost-push inflation is disputed. Dallas S. Batten described it as a myth, writing "Though the cost-push argument is appealing on the surface, neither economic theory nor empirical evidence indicates that businesses and labor can cause continually rising prices", and identifying the real cause as "increased aggregate demand resulting from increased money growth".[4]

Milton Friedman criticised the concept of cost-push inflation,[5] writing "To each businessman separately it looks as if he has to raise prices because costs have gone up. But then, we must ask, 'Why did his costs go up? ... The answer is, because ... total demand all over was increasing."[6] Friedman wrote, "the inflation arises from one and only one reason: an increase in a quantity of money."[7]

See also

References

  1. JSTOR 1815021
    . Retrieved 16 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Macroeconomics: Policy and Practice". www.pearson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-30.
  3. ^ Kenton, Will. "Cost-Push Inflation". Investopedia. Retrieved 2019-02-25.
  4. doi:10.20955/r.63.20-26.toh
    .
  5. doi:10.1257/jep.32.1.195
    .
  6. doi:10.20955/es.2007.1
    .
  7. ^ Friedman, Milton (2005). "How not to stop inflation". Econ Focus. 9. Federal Reserve Bank of Richmond: 2–7. Retrieved 21 June 2022.
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