Defence Day
Defence Day یومِ دفاع | |
---|---|
6 September | |
Next time | 6 September 2024 |
Frequency | Annual |
Defence Day (
Context of the 1965 War
The
On 6 September, according to its "pre-declared strategy"
Pakistan instituted the Defence of Pakistan Day to commemorate the day when the Indian forces crossed into Pakistan. The Pakistan official narrative states that "[the] Indian forces sneaked [sic] into the Wagah border and the Pakistan armed forces, when alerted, put up a valiant defence of the motherland and drove them back, thus taking its name as the Defence of Pakistan Day."[16] Air Marshal Nur Khan commented, "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."[14]
Celebrations and Parades
The
On this day, a change of guard ceremony takes place at Mazar-e-Quaid, Karachi, where the cadets of Pakistan Air Force Academy present the Guard of Honour and take the charge.[18]
See also
Notes
- UN military observers stationed on the Kashmir Line of Control since 1949.:[7] Secretary-General U Thantstated: "the series of violations that began on August 5 were to a considerable extent in subsequent days in the form of armed men not in uniform, crossing the CFL from the Pakistan side for the purpose of armed action on the Indian side."
- ^ A riposte in military strategy involves striking a vulnerable point of the enemy in order to force him to abandon his own attack.[11]
- ^ India had already accepted various UN proposals for a ceasefire, starting around 14 September.[15]
References
- ^ "September 6: A day to remember the sacrifices of Pakistan's martyrs". Dawn. 7 September 2018.
- ^ a b c Taha Siddiqui, Dear Pakistanis, this Defence Day, please stop celebrating hate, Al Jazeera, 6 September 2018.
- ^ Nawaz, Crossed Swords 2008, p. 227: "Opposing it was the Indian I Corps with its 1st Armoured Division and three infantry divisions, with orders to secure the Pathankot-Jammu road by launching a riposte to an anticipated move by Pakistan against Jammu, the private plan of General Akhtar Malik that his superiors had thwarted."
- ^ Kumar, Prejudice and Pride 2001, p. 45: "Young Nation, a youth supplement published by the liberal Friday Times of Lahore wrote: It tells an epic tale of our soldiers who being a very small number compared to the Indian and having very little ammunition, weapons and machinery, fought with such spirit, bravery and courage that it stunned the Indian forces, and of the unity of our people."
- ^ Air Marshal Nur Khan, Dawn, 6 September 2005, quoted in Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship 2013, pp. 1963–1964: "It was a wrong war and they misled the nation with a big lie that India, rather than Pakistan, had provoked the war and that we (Pakistanis) were the victims of the Indian aggression."
- ^ Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts 1994, p. 111.
- ^ Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965 2008, p. 213.
- ^ a b c d Paul, Asymmetric Conflicts 1994, p. 112.
- ^ Nawaz, Crossed Swords 2008, p. 213.
- ^ Nawaz, Crossed Swords 2008, p. 227.
- ^ Beaufre, André (1965), An Introduction to Strategy: With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense, Politics, Economics, and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age, Faber & Faber, p. 39
- ^ Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship 2013, p. 1965.
- ^ "1965 War: General Chaudhury did not order withdrawal behind River Beas". Indian Defence Review. 21 September 2021. Retrieved 5 September 2023.
- ^ a b Hiranandani, Transition to Guardianship 2013, p. 1964.
- ^ Joshi, Kashmir, 1947–1965 2008, p. 215: "in his report of September 16, the Secretary-General chose to be even-handed and told the Council that India had accepted the suggestion, and Pakistan was yet to reply."
- ISBN 978-0-19-989271-6
- ^ Defense Day Celebrations. Illustrated weekly of Pakistan. 1968. p. 22.
- ^ "Defense Day: Soldiers honoured 46 years on". The Express Tribune. 6 September 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012.
Bibliography
- Hiranandani, Vice Admiral GM (2013), Transition to Guardianship: The Indian Navy 1991–2000, Lancer Publishers LLC, ISBN 978-1-935501-66-4
- Joshi, Manoj (2008), Kashmir, 1947–1965: A Story Retold, India Research Press, ISBN 978-81-87943-52-5
- Kumar, Krishna (2001), Prejudice and Pride: School histories of the freedom struggle in India and Pakistan, Viking, ISBN 9780670049134
- Nawaz, Shuja (2008), Crossed Swords: Pakistan, Its Army, and the Wars Within, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-547660-6
- Paul, T. V. (1994), "The Pakistani Offensive in Kashmir, 1965", Asymmetric Conflicts: War Initiation by Weaker Powers, Cambridge University Press, pp. 107–125, ISBN 978-0-521-46621-9