Demographics of Botswana

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Demographics of Botswana
Population pyramid of Botswana in 2020
Population2,359,609 (2022)
Growth rate1.4% (2022 est.)
Birth rate20.28 births/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Death rate9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Life expectancy65.64 years
 • male63.6 years
 • female67.74 years
Fertility rate2.39 children born/woman (2022 est.)
Infant mortality rate25.18 deaths/1,000 live births
Net migration rate2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years30.54%
65 and over5.56%
Sex ratio
Total0.92 male(s)/female (2022 est.)
At birth1.03 male(s)/female
Under 151.02 male(s)/female
65 and over0.6 male(s)/female
Nationality
NationalityMotswana
Major ethnicTswana (79%)
Minor ethnicKalanga (11%)

ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.[1][2]

Demographics of Botswana, Data of FAO, year 2008; Number of inhabitants in thousands.

Botswana, like many nations in southern Africa, suffers from a high HIV infection rate, estimated among adults ages 15 to 49 to be 20.7%.[3]

Population

A type of house in Botswana

Census results

Botswana Population and Housing Census
YearPop.±% p.a.
1904 120,776—    
1911 124,350+0.42%
1921 152,983+2.09%
1936 265,756+3.75%
1946 296,310+1.09%
1956 309,175+0.43%
1964 549,510+7.45%
1971 596,994+1.19%
1981 941,027+4.66%
1991 1,326,796+3.50%
2001 1,680,863+2.39%
2011 2,024,787+1.88%
2022 2,346,179+1.35%
[4][5][6]

Bechuanaland Protectorate

The seven censuses of Botswana before its independence happened irregularly. Due to the Anglo-Boer War, the first census of Bechuanaland Protectorate, originally set to occur in 1901, took place on 17 April 1904.[4] The 1931 census was postponed to 1936 because of the Great Depression.[4] The early censuses were unreliable and took several years to tabulate; the results were outdated by the time they were calculated.

Post-independence

There have been six censuses after the independence of Botswana, each occurring every ten years in the year ending in 1 (i.e. 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 and 2022). The 1971 census was the first census in Botswana to use de facto enumeration; this method counts people based on how many people spent census night at a specific location. Previously, the citizens were counted based on their usual place of residence. The 2001 census was the first census in Botswana to comply with the

2011 Botswana Population and Housing Census, it occurred in August 2011. The most recent sixth and most recent census is the 2022 Population and Housing Census which was carried out in April 2022.[7]

UN estimates

According to the 2022 revision of the World Population Prospects[8][9] the total population was 2,588,423 in 2021, compared to only 413,000 in 1950. The proportion of children below the age of 15 in 2020 was about 33.4%, 62.1% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 4.5% of the population were 65 years or older.[10]

Total population Population aged 0–14 (%) Population aged 15–64 (%) Population aged 65+ (%)
1950 413 000 40.9 54.8 4.4
1955 463 000 41.7 53.9 4.3
1960 503 000 43.6 52.1 4.3
1965 560 000 46.8 49.3 4.0
1970 628 000 47.8 48.3 3.9
1975 741 000 48.0 48.5 3.5
1980 898 000 48.5 48.1 3.4
1985 1 070 000 47.9 49.0 3.1
1990 1 287 000 45.0 51.7 3.3
1995 1 469 000 42.2 54.6 3.3
2000 1 643 000 38.7 58.1 3.3
2005 1 799 000 36.5 60.3 3.1
2010 1 987 000 35.0 61.7 3.3
2015 2 121 000 34.9 61.2 3.8
2020 2 352 000 33.4 62.1 4.5
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 9.VIII.2011): [11]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 988 957 1 035 947 2 024 904 100
0–4 119 999 117 315 237 314 11.72
5–9 108 544 106 618 215 162 10.63
10–14 104 419 102 875 207 294 10.24
15–19 104 818 105 928 210 746 10.41
20–24 97 249 103 101 200 350 9.89
25–29 101 194 106 658 207 852 10.26
30–34 84 515 86 027 170 542 8.42
35–39 68 435 66 784 135 219 6.68
40–44 48 767 50 530 99 297 4.90
45–49 37 881 44 380 82 261 4.06
50–54 29 742 36 620 66 362 3.28
55–59 24 368 29 681 54 049 2.67
60–64 17 344 20 240 37 584 1.86
65-69 12 243 15 504 27 747 1.37
70-74 9 464 12 797 22 261 1.10
75-79 6 968 10 924 17 892 0.88
80-84 4 875 8 344 13 219 0.65
85-89 2 825 5 422 8 247 0.41
90-94 1 377 2 544 3 921 0.19
95+ 3 930 3 655 7 585 0.37
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 332 962 326 808 659 770 32.58
15–64 614 313 649 949 1 264 262 62.44
65+ 41 682 59 190 100 872 4.98
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020) (Based on the results of the 2011 Population Census.): [12][13]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 171 507 1 227 171 2 398 679 100
0–4 142 150 138 970 281 120 11.72
5–9 128 580 126 298 254 879 10.63
10–14 123 694 121 865 245 558 10.24
15–19 124 166 125 481 249 647 10.41
20–24 115 200 122 132 237 332 9.89
25–29 119 873 126 346 246 219 10.26
30–34 100 116 101 907 202 022 8.42
35–39 81 067 79 112 160 179 6.68
40–44 57 769 59 857 117 626 4.90
45–49 44 873 52 572 97 445 4.06
50–54 35 232 43 380 78 612 3.28
55–59 28 866 35 160 64 026 2.67
60–64 20 546 23 976 44 522 1.86
65-69 14 503 18 366 32 869 1.37
70-74 11 211 15 159 26 370 1.10
75-79 8 254 12 940 21 195 0.88
80-84 5 775 9 884 15 659 0.65
85-89 3 346 6 423 9 769 0.41
90-94 1 631 3 014 4 645 0.19
95+ 4 655 4 330 8 985 0.37
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 394 424 387 133 781 557 32.58
15–64 727 708 769 922 1 497 630 62.44
65+ 49 375 70 116 119 491 4.98
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 18.III.2022): [14]
Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 1 188 544 1 209 006 2 397 550 100
0–4 137 857 136 911 274 768 11.46
5–9 125 078 124 428 249 506 10.41
10–14 120 559 120 060 240 619 10.04
15–19 123 039 123 624 246 663 10.29
20–24 117 812 120 325 238 137 9.93
25–29 122 117 124 476 246 593 10.29
30–34 99 674 100 398 200 072 8.34
35–39 78 529 77 940 156 469 6.53
40–44 58 190 58 971 117 161 4.89
45–49 49 091 51 794 100 885 4.21
50–54 39 891 42 738 82 629 3.45
55–59 32 428 34 639 67 067 2.80
60–64 22 416 23 621 46 037 1.92
65-69 16 747 18 095 34 842 1.45
70-74 13 562 14 935 28 497 1.19
75-79 11 124 12 749 23 873 1.00
80-84 8 103 9 738 17 841 0.74
85-89 5 264 6 328 11 592 0.48
90-94 2 491 2 970 5 461 0.23
95+ 4 572 4 266 8 838 0.37
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0–14 383 494 381 399 764 893 31.90
15–64 743 187 758 526 1 501 713 62.64
65+ 61 863 69 081 130 944 5.46

Vital statistics

United Nations estimates

Registration of vital events is in Botswana not complete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates. Population estimates account for under numeration in population censuses.[15]

Mid-year population (thousands) Live births (thousands) Deaths (thousands) Natural change (thousands) Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR) Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) Life expectancy (in years)
1950   413   19   8   10 45.4 20.3 25.0 6.43 138.1 44.95
1951   423   19   9   11 45.6 20.3 25.3 6.43 136.4 45.25
1952   433   20   9   11 45.9 19.9 25.9 6.44 132.8 45.86
1953   442   21   9   12 46.4 19.5 26.8 6.49 129.3 46.46
1954   452   21   9   13 46.8 19.2 27.7 6.53 125.9 47.06
1955   462   22   9   13 47.2 18.8 28.4 6.56 122.6 47.65
1956   471   22   9   14 47.5 18.4 29.1 6.60 119.5 48.22
1957   481   23   9   14 47.7 18.1 29.7 6.65 116.5 48.74
1958   491   24   9   15 47.6 17.6 30.0 6.65 113.4 49.32
1959   502   24   9   15 47.5 17.2 30.3 6.65 110.6 49.84
1960   513   24   9   16 47.1 16.8 30.3 6.63 107.8 50.37
1961   524   25   9   16 46.6 16.3 30.3 6.60 105.0 50.89
1962   536   25   9   16 46.1 15.8 30.3 6.57 102.3 51.39
1963   549   25   8   17 46.2 15.4 30.8 6.63 99.7 51.88
1964   562   26   8   18 46.2 15.0 31.2 6.69 97.2 52.35
1965   571   27   8   18 45.9 14.6 31.3 6.69 94.8 52.81
1966   575   27   8   18 45.8 14.3 31.5 6.69 92.4 53.26
1967   579   27   8   19 45.7 14.0 31.7 6.68 90.0 53.72
1968   583   27   8   19 45.7 13.7 32.0 6.67 87.6 54.19
1969   587   27   8   19 45.6 13.4 32.3 6.64 85.0 54.68
1970   592   27   8   20 45.7 13.0 32.7 6.62 82.3 55.20
1971   604   28   8   20 45.8 12.7 33.1 6.59 79.6 55.75
1972   627   29   8   21 46.0 12.2 33.8 6.59 76.6 56.30
1973   657   30   8   22 46.1 11.7 34.4 6.59 73.6 56.86
1974   692   32   8   24 46.3 11.3 35.0 6.59 70.5 57.42
1975   728   34   8   26 46.4 10.9 35.5 6.58 67.3 58.00
1976   766   35   8   27 46.4 10.4 36.0 6.56 64.1 58.58
1977   807   37   8   29 46.0 10.0 36.0 6.50 61.0 59.17
1978   849   39   8   30 45.7 9.6 36.1 6.44 57.9 59.69
1979   894   40   8   32 45.1 9.2 35.9 6.36 55.0 60.18
1980   939   42   8   33 44.5 8.9 35.6 6.25 52.3 60.65
1981   983   43   8   34 43.7 8.5 35.2 6.13 49.7 61.13
1982   1 023   43   8   35 42.5 8.2 34.3 5.93 47.2 61.57
1983   1 061   44   8   36 41.5 7.9 33.5 5.75 44.9 62.00
1984   1 099   45   8   36 40.6 7.7 32.9 5.58 42.8 62.36
1985   1 139   45   8   37 39.8 7.5 32.3 5.43 40.8 62.63
1986   1 179   46   9   37 39.0 7.4 31.6 5.27 39.1 62.68
1987   1 220   46   9   37 37.8 7.3 30.4 5.06 37.7 62.52
1988   1 261   46   10   36 36.5 7.6 28.9 4.85 37.3 61.76
1989   1 302   46   10   36 35.3 7.7 27.7 4.65 36.5 61.43
1990   1 341   46   11   35 34.4 8.0 26.4 4.49 36.9 60.53
1991   1 381   46   12   35 33.5 8.4 25.1 4.34 38.2 59.47
1992   1 421   47   13   34 33.2 8.9 24.2 4.23 40.2 58.35
1993   1 462   48   14   34 32.8 9.3 23.5 4.13 42.4 57.72
1994   1 504   48   15   33 32.2 10.0 22.2 4.01 44.9 56.15
1995   1 544   48   16   31 31.0 10.6 20.4 3.80 47.8 55.06
1996   1 582   47   17   30 29.9 11.0 18.9 3.60 50.2 54.36
1997   1 619   47   19   28 29.1 11.5 17.6 3.46 52.7 53.45
1998   1 656   48   20   28 29.0 12.1 16.9 3.40 54.7 52.52
1999   1 692   49   21   27 28.9 12.6 16.3 3.34 56.3 51.69
2000   1 727   50   23   27 29.0 13.1 15.8 3.31 57.3 51.01
2001   1 762   51   24   27 28.9 13.4 15.5 3.26 57.1 50.68
2002   1 795   51   24   27 28.5 13.5 14.9 3.18 56.0 50.63
2003   1 827   51   24   27 28.2 13.4 14.8 3.11 54.6 50.95
2004   1 859   52   24   28 28.1 13.1 15.1 3.07 52.5 51.62
2005   1 893   54   24   30 28.4 12.6 15.8 3.08 48.9 52.61
2006   1 929   55   23   32 28.6 11.9 16.8 3.09 46.0 53.92
2007   1 967   56   21   35 28.6 10.9 17.6 3.08 43.4 55.73
2008   2 007   57   21   36 28.4 10.3 18.2 3.07 42.7 57.12
2009   2 049   58   20   38 28.2 9.7 18.5 3.05 41.2 58.28
2010   2 092   58   19   40 27.9 8.9 19.0 3.02 38.6 60.01
2011   2 134   59   19   40 27.6 8.7 18.9 3.00 38.9 60.53
2012   2 175   60   19   41 27.4 8.7 18.7 2.98 38.2 60.80
2013   2 217   60   18   42 27.1 8.2 18.9 2.96 37.4 62.00
2014   2 260   61   18   43 26.8 7.9 18.8 2.95 37.8 62.61
2015   2 305   61   17   44 26.4 7.4 19.0 2.94 37.4 63.82
2016   2 352   61   16   45 26.1 6.8 19.3 2.93 37.1 65.46
2017   2 402   62   15   46 25.7 6.3 19.4 2.91 36.2 66.75
2018   2 451   62   17   45 25.3 6.9 18.4 2.90 35.6 65.42
2019   2 500   62   17   45 24.9 7.0 17.9 2.88 34.9 65.46
2020   2 546   62   18   44 24.2 7.0 17.2 2.84 34.2 65.65
2021   2 588   61   24   37 23.6 9.5 14.1 2.79 33.3 61.14

Births and deaths[16][17]

Year Population Live births Deaths Natural increase Crude birth rate Crude death rate Rate of natural increase TFR
1964 514 876
1971 574 094 45.3 13.7 31.6 6.5
1981 941 027 45 026 12 835 32 191 48.7 13.9 34.8 6.6
1991 1 326 796 52 351 15 221 37 130 39.3 11.5 27.8 4.2
1992 1 358 639 52 416 15 344 37 072 38.6 11.3 27.3 4.2
1993 1 391 245 52 437 15 578 36 859 37.7 11.2 26.5 4.1
1994 1 424 636 52 598 15 822 36 776 36.9 11.1 25.8 4.1
1995 1 458 828 52 759 15 926 36 833 33.7 11.0 22.7 4.1
1996 1 495 993 52 921 16 031 36 890 32.4 10.9 21.5 4.0
1997 1 533 393 53 083 16 137 36 946 32.3 10.8 21.5 4.0
1998 1 571 728 53 245 16 244 37 001 32.2 10.7 21.5 4.0
1999 1 611 021 53 407 16 352 37 055 32.1 10.6 21.5 3.9
2001 1 680 862 41 080 20 823 20 257 28.9 12.4 16.5 3.3
2002 1 667 487
2003 1 691 390 41 206 24.4
2004 1 711 334 37 947 22.2
2005 1 727 372 46 945 27.2
2006 1 739 556 44 050 19 088 24 962 29.8 11.2 18.6 3.2
2007 1 756 651 44 452 25.3
2008 1 776 283 44 961 25.3
2009 1 798 372 46 624 25.9
2010 1 822 858 50 328 27.6
2011 2 024 904 51 871 13 301 38 570 25.7 6.3 19.4 2.89
2012 2 068 529 50 048 12 270 37 778 24.2 5.9 18.3
2013 2 110 050 49 839 11 967 37 872 23.6 5.6 18.0
2014 2 149 255 47 478 12 177 35 301 22.1 5.6 16.5
2015 2 185 903 57 480 13 030 44 450 26.3 6.0 20.3
2016 2 219 732 54 267 12 825 41 442 24.4 5.8 18.6
2017 2 254 021 52 358 12 386 39 972 23.2 5.5 17.7 3.1
2018 2 288 656 54 023 12 609 41 414 23.6 5.5 18.1 2.656
2019 2 323 493 54 100 13 185 40 015 23.3 5.7 17.6 2.648
2020 2 358 445 58 646 12 219 46 427 24.9 5.2 19.7 2.844
2021 2 393 396 50 962 17 590 33 372 21.1 7.3 13.8 2.478

Source: Vital Statistics Report 2012.

Life expectancy at birth

Life expectancy from 1950 to 2020 (UN World Population Prospects):[18][19]

Period Life expectancy in

Years

1950–1955 44.89
1955–1960 Increase 47.82
1960–1965 Increase 50.42
1965–1970 Increase 52.67
1970–1975 Increase 55.09
1975–1980 Increase 57.92
1980–1985 Increase 60.11
1985–1990 Increase 61.09
1990–1995 Decrease 56.43
1995–2000 Decrease 52.63
2000–2005 Decrease 50.06
2005–2010 Increase 55.86
2010–2015 Increase 64.45
2015–2020 Increase 69.09


Ethnic groups

Main article: Ethnic groups in Botswana
Basarwa 3%, Other 7% (including Kgalagadi, Indians and Whites).[20]

Languages

Main article: Languages of Botswana

Setswana 77.3%, Kalanga 7.4%, Sekgalagadi 3.4%, English 2.8%, Shona 2.0%, Sesarwa 1.7%, Sehambukushu 1.6%, Ndebele 1.0%, Others 2.8%. (2011 est.)[20]

Religions

Main article: Religion in Botswana
Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, Other 1.4% (includes the Baháʼí Faith, Hindu, Islam, Rastafari), None 15.2%, Unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)[20]

Other demographic statistics

Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[21][22]

  • One birth every 10 minutes
  • One death every 37 minutes
  • One net migrant every 180 minutes
  • Net gain of one person every 12 minutes

The following demographic statistics are from the

CIA World Factbook.[23]

Population

2,359,609 (2022)
2,350,667 (July 2021 est.)
2,214,858 (July 2017 est.)

Religions

Christian 79.1%, Badimo 4.1%, other 1.4% (includes Baha'i, Hindu, Muslim, Rastafarian), none 15.2%, unspecified 0.3% (2011 est.)

Age structure

Pyramid population of Botswana in 2020
0-14 years: 30.54% (male 357,065/female 350,550)
15-24 years: 18.31% (male 208,824/female 215,462)
25-54 years: 39.67% (male 434,258/female 484,922)
55-64 years: 5.92% (male 59,399/female 77,886)
65 years and over: 5.56% (male 53,708/female 75,159) (2020 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.39 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 74th
The total fertility rate is 2.42 children born/woman (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 74th

Population growth rate

1.4% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 68th
1.43% (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 67th
1.55% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

20.28 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 70th
20.6 births/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 71st
22.1 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

9.05 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th
9.12 deaths/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 61st
9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Median age

Total: 25.7 years. Country comparison to the world: 157th
Male: 24.5 years
Female: 26.7 years (2020 est.)
Total: 24.5 years
Male: 23.5 years
Female: 25.6 years (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

2.81 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 41st
2.85 migrants/1,000 population (2021 est.) Country comparison to the world: 38th

Urbanization

urban population: 72.2% of total population (2022)
rate of urbanization: 2.47% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Urban population: 70.9% of total population (2020)
Rate of urbanization: 2.87% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)

Sex ratio

At birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 0.97 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.76 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2020 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 65.64 years
male: 63.6 years
female: 67.74 years (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 200th
Total population: 65.2 years
Male: 63.2 years
Female: 67.3 years (2021 est.)

Contraceptive prevalence rate

67.4% (2017)

Maternal mortality rate

144 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 59th

HIV/AIDS

Main article: HIV/AIDS in Botswana
Adult prevalence rate: 22.2% (2019 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 380,000 (2019 est.)
Deaths due to AIDS: 5,000 (2019 est.) Country comparison to the world: 25th

Physicians density

0.53 physicians/1,000 population (2016)

Hospital bed density

1.8 beds/1,000 population (2010)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

18.9% (2016)

Major infectious diseases

Degree of risk: high (2020)
Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
Vectorborne disease: malaria

Nationality

Noun: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)
Adjective: Motswana (singular), Batswana (plural)

Literacy

Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
Total population: 88.5%
Male: 88%
Female: 88.9% (2015 est.)

Education expenditure

8.7% of total GDP (2007)

Sanitation facility access

Improved:
Urban: 92.9% of population
Rural: 60.8% of population
Total: 82.8% of population
Unimproved:
Urban: 7.1% of population
Rural: 39.2% of population
Total: 17.2% of population (2017 est.)

Migrants

According to the United Nations, there were 110,596 international migrants in Botswana in 2019. Their most common countries of origin were as follows:

International migrants in Botswana in 2019
 Zimbabwe
64,477
 South Africa
5,780
 India
5,668
 China
4,792
 Zambia
4,429
 Malawi
1,484
 United Kingdom
1,320
 Nigeria
1,238
 Kenya
1,215
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
1,133
 Sri Lanka
992
 Namibia
992
 United States
923
 Tanzania
818
 Angola
782
 Netherlands
640
 Ireland
629
 Eswatini
611
 Mozambique
607
Source: United Nations"Migrant Stock by Origin and Destination". 2019. Retrieved 27 January 2021.

References

  1. ^ "Botswana Demographic Survey 2017" (PDF). Statistics Botswana.
  2. ISBN 978-99968-429-0-0
    .
  3. ^ "HIV & Aids in Botswana". AVERT International HIV & Aids Charity. 21 July 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2021.
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  6. ^ "The Population of Towns, Villages and Associated Localities" (PDF). 2011 Population and Housing Census. Gaborone: Statistics Botswana. June 2012. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 4 September 2015. Retrieved 20 July 2012.
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  8. ^ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved July 17, 2022.
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  11. ^ https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics>
  12. ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics".
  13. ^ Statistics, Botswana. "Botswana Population Projections 2011-2026" (PDF). Statistics Botswana. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  14. ^ https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/#statistics>
  15. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 4541:4612, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived
    from the original on 2022-08-09.
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  17. ^ "Demographic Statistics Statsbots". statsbots.org.bw. Retrieved 2020-01-27.
  18. ^ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2021-01-27.
  19. ^ "Vital Statistics 2019" (PDF). Statistics Botswana. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
  20. ^ a b c "Africa :: BOTSWANA". CIA The World Factbook. 16 November 2021.
  21. ^ "Botswana Population 2022". World Population Review.
  22. ^ "Botswana Demography 2017" (PDF). Statistics Botswana.
  23. CIA World Factbook
    . 15 November 2022.
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