Demographics of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Ethnic groups
This is data from the last four Yugoslav censuses (1961, 1971, 1981, and 1991). Ethnic groups that were considered to be constitutive (explicitly mentioned in the constitution, and not considered minority or immigrant) appear in bold text.
Nationality | 1961[1] | % | 1971[2] | % | 1981[3] | % | 1991[3] | % |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serbs | 7,806,152 | 42.1% | 8,143,246 | 39.7% | 8,140,507 | 36.3% | 8,526,872 | 36.2% |
Croats | 4,293,809 | 23.2% | 4,526,782 | 22.1% | 4,428,043 | 19.7% | 4,636,700 | 19.7% |
Slav Muslims[a] | 972,960 | 5.3% | 1,729,932 | 8.4% | 1,999,890 | 8.9% | 2,353,002 | 10.0% |
Albanians | 914,733 | 4.9% | 1,309,523 | 6.4% | 1,730,878 | 7.7% | 2,178,393 | 9.3% |
Slovenes | 1,589,211 | 8.6% | 1,678,032 | 8.2% | 1,753,571 | 7.8% | 1,760,460 | 7.5% |
Macedonians | 1,045,516 | 5.7% | 1,194,784 | 5.8% | 1,341,598 | 6.0% | 1,372,272 | 5.8% |
Yugoslavs | 317,124 | 1.7% | 273,077 | 1.3% | 1,209,024 | 5.4% | 710,394 | 3.0% |
Montenegrins
|
513,832 | 2.8% | 508,843 | 2.5% | 579,043 | 2.6% | 539,262 | 2.3% |
Hungarians
|
504,369 | 2.7% | 477,374 | 2.3% | 426,867 | 1.9% | 378,997 | 1.6% |
Romani | 78,485 | 0.4% | 148,604 | 0.7% | n/a | n/a | ||
Turks | 127,920 | 0.6% | 101,328 | 0.5% | n/a | n/a | ||
Slovaks | 83,656 | 0.4% | 80,300 | 0.4% | n/a | n/a | ||
Romanians | 58,570 | 0.3% | 54,721 | 0.2% | n/a | n/a | ||
Bulgarians | 58,627 | 0.3% | 36,642 | 0.2% | n/a | n/a | ||
Vlachs | 21,990 | 0.1% | 32,071 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Rusyns | 24,640 | 0.1% | 23,320 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Czechs | 24,620 | 0.1% | 19,609 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Italians | 21,791 | 0.1% | 15,116 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Ukrainians | 13,972 | 0.1% | 12,716 | 0.1% | n/a | n/a | ||
Germans | 12,875 | 0.1% | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | ||
Russians | 7,427 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Jews | 4,811 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Poles | 4,033 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
Greeks | 1,564 | ? | ? | n/a | n/a | |||
other/not determined | 591,585 | 3.2% | 136,398 | 0.6% | 302,254 | 1.5% | n/a | n/a |
Total | 18,549,291 | 100.00% | 20,522,972 | 100.0% | 22,438,331 | 100.00% | 23,528,230 | 100.0% |
Republics by population
The population data are from the 1991 census.
Rank | Republic/Province | Population 1991[4] | % |
---|---|---|---|
1 | Serbia | 9,791,475 | 40.9% |
--- | Serbia proper
|
5,824,126 | 24.0% |
2 | Croatia | 4,784,265 | 20.6% |
3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,364,574 | 18.8% |
4 | Macedonia | 2,033,964 | 8.8% |
--- | Vojvodina | 2,012,605 | 8.6% |
--- | Kosovo | 1,954,744 | 8.4% |
5 | Slovenia | 1,962,606 | 8.2% |
6 | Montenegro | 615,276 | 2.6% |
Yugoslavia | 23,528,230 | 100% |
Republics by population density
Rank | Republic/Province | Population[4] | Area (km2)[2] | Density |
---|---|---|---|---|
--- | Kosovo | 1,954,744 | 10,887 | 183.1 |
1 | SR Serbia | 9,791,475 | 88,361 | 114.0 |
--- | Serbia proper
|
5,824,126 | 55,968 | 99.4 |
2 | Slovenia | 1,962,606 | 20,251 | 94.5 |
--- | Vojvodina | 2,012,605 | 21,506 | 92.8 |
3 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 4,364,574 | 51,129 | 85.6 |
4 | Croatia | 4,784,265 | 56,538 | 84.6 |
5 | Macedonia | 2,033,964 | 25,713 | 79.1 |
6 | Montenegro | 615,276 | 13,810 | 44.5 |
Yugoslavia | 23,528,230 | 255,804 | 92.6 |
Vital statistics
Vital statistics 1947–1991
Vital statistics[5][6] | Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | 15,679,000 | 416,799 | 199,902 | 216,897 | 26.6 | 12.7 | 13.8 | ||
1948 | 15,901,032 | 446,634 | 214,015 | 232,619 | 28.1 | 13.5 | 14.6 | ||
1949 | 16,133,000 | 483,663 | 217,180 | 266,483 | 30.0 | 13.5 | 16.5 | ||
1950 | 16,339,860 | 492,993 | 212,165 | 280,828 | 30.2 | 13.0 | 17.2 | 3.77 | 4,411,195 |
1951 | 16,578,223 | 446,254 | 234,689 | 211,565 | 26.9 | 14.2 | 12.8 | 3.32 | 4,455,670 |
1952 | 16,793,498 | 498,172 | 197,520 | 300,652 | 29.7 | 11.8 | 17.9 | 3.65 | 4,500,131 |
1953 | 17,048,601 | 484,139 | 211,790 | 272,349 | 28.4 | 12.4 | 16.0 | 3.41 | 4,544,601 |
1954[7] | 17,284,632 | 493,567 | 187,521 | 306,046 | 28.6 | 10.8 | 17.7 | 3.40 | 4,600,326 |
1955[8] | 17,522,438 | 471,394 | 199,982 | 271,412 | 26.9 | 11.4 | 15.5 | 3.18 | 4,656,054 |
1956 | 17,690,580 | 460,235 | 198,497 | 261,738 | 26.0 | 11.2 | 14.8 | 3.04 | 4,711,776 |
1957 | 17,865,515 | 426,701 | 190,334 | 236,367 | 23.9 | 10.7 | 13.2 | 2.77 | 4,745,520 |
1958 | 18,034,999 | 432,399 | 166,801 | 265,598 | 24.0 | 9.2 | 14.7 | 2.79 | 4,749,438 |
1959 | 18,226,203 | 424,276 | 180,747 | 243,529 | 23.3 | 9.9 | 13.4 | 2.76 | 4,708,379 |
1960[9] | 18,402,257 | 432,595 | 182,693 | 249,902 | 23.5 | 9.9 | 13.6 | 2.83 | 4,689,628 |
1961 | 18,592,567 | 422,180 | 167,447 | 254,733 | 22.7 | 9.0 | 13.7 | 2.78 | 4,670,880 |
1962 | 18,815,935 | 413,093 | 186,843 | 226,250 | 22.0 | 9.9 | 12.0 | 2.68 | 4,766,916 |
1963 | 19,036,409 | 407,406 | 169,744 | 237,662 | 21.4 | 8.9 | 12.5 | 2.64 | 4,804,648 |
1964 | 19,260,364 | 401,104 | 181,255 | 219,849 | 20.8 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 2.62 | 4,861,010 |
1965[10] | 19,489,605 | 408,158 | 170,549 | 237,609 | 20.9 | 8.8 | 12.2 | 2.69 | 4,938,773 |
1966 | 19,739,122 | 399,802 | 159,570 | 240,232 | 20.3 | 8.1 | 12.2 | 2.64 | 5,043,670 |
1967 | 19,960,120 | 389,640 | 174,060 | 215,580 | 19.5 | 8.7 | 10.8 | 2.55 | 5,176,374 |
1968 | 20,121,246 | 382,543 | 174,800 | 207,743 | 19.0 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 2.47 | 5,291,934 |
1969 | 20,251,498 | 382,764 | 188,693 | 194,071 | 18.9 | 9.3 | 9.6 | 2.43 | 5,421,866 |
1970[11] | 20,386,272 | 363,278 | 181,843 | 181,435 | 17.8 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 2.27 | 5,492,906 |
1971 | 20,579,890 | 375,762 | 179,113 | 196,649 | 18.3 | 8.7 | 9.6 | 2.38 | 5,458,432 |
1972 | 20,797,221 | 380,743 | 190,578 | 190,165 | 18.3 | 9.2 | 9.1 | 2.36 | 5,518,843 |
1973 | 21,008,154 | 379,051 | 180,997 | 198,054 | 18.0 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 2.31 | 5,575,065 |
1974 | 21,223,359 | 382,947 | 177,691 | 205,256 | 18.0 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 2.29 | 5,596,395 |
1975[12] | 21,441,297 | 388,037 | 184,907 | 203,130 | 18.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 2.28 | 5,651,830 |
1976 | 21,674,043 | 392,364 | 182,965 | 209,399 | 18.1 | 8.4 | 9.7 | 2.26 | 5,684,130 |
1977 | 21,900,681 | 384,637 | 182,803 | 201,834 | 17.6 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 2.19 | 5,706,563 |
1978 | 22,121,687 | 381,387 | 191,087 | 190,300 | 17.2 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 2.16 | 5,720,058 |
1979 | 22,297,376 | 378,803 | 190,304 | 188,499 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 8.5 | 2.13 | 5,748,224 |
1980[13] | 22,359,500 | 382,120 | 197,369 | 184,751 | 17.1 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 2.14 | 5,776,387 |
1981 | 22,499,154 | 369,047 | 201,201 | 167,846 | 16.4 | 8.9 | 7.5 | 2.09 | 5,706,892 |
1982 | 22,646,153 | 378,814 | 203,272 | 175,542 | 16.7 | 9.0 | 7.8 | 2.14 | 5,686,451 |
1983 | 22,800,697 | 374,610 | 218,980 | 155,630 | 16.4 | 9.6 | 6.8 | 2.11 | 5,704,798 |
1984 | 22,954,868 | 377,362 | 214,725 | 162,637 | 16.4 | 9.4 | 7.1 | 2.11 | 5,729,944 |
1985[14] | 23,121,383 | 366,629 | 212,883 | 153,746 | 15.9 | 9.2 | 6.6 | 2.05 | 5,764,187 |
1986 | 23,259,342 | 359,626 | 213,149 | 146,477 | 15.5 | 9.2 | 6.3 | 2.00 | 5,830,545 |
1987 | 23,393,494 | 359,338 | 214,666 | 144,672 | 15.4 | 9.2 | 6.2 | 2.00 | 5,820,653 |
1988 | 23,526,195 | 356,268 | 213,466 | 142,802 | 15.1 | 9.1 | 6.1 | 1.98 | 5,838,991 |
1989 | 23,594,157 | 336,394 | 215,483 | 120,911 | 14.3 | 9.1 | 5.1 | 1.88 | 5,895,545 |
1990[15][16] | 23,657,623 | 335,152 | 212,148 | 123,004 | 14.2 | 9.0 | 5.2 | 1.87 | 5,922,912 |
1991[17] | 23,532,279 | 325,922 | 221,929 | 103,993 | 13.8 | 9.4 | 4.4 | 1.94 | 5,669,046 |
Average population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate | Female fertile population (15–49 years) |
Marriages and divorces 1947–1991
Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1947 | 15,679,000 | 205,835 | 20,915 | 13.1 | 1.3 | 101.6 |
1948 | 15,901,032 | 203,822 | 24,586 | 12.8 | 1.5 | 120.6 |
1949 | 16,133,000 | 184,078 | 16,985 | 11.4 | 1.1 | 92.3 |
1950 | 16,339,860 | 185,965 | 17,879 | 11.4 | 1.1 | 96.1 |
1951 | 16,578,223 | 170,133 | 15,538 | 10.3 | 0.9 | 91.3 |
1952 | 16,793,498 | 176,055 | 12,359 | 10.5 | 0.7 | 70.2 |
1953 | 17,048,601 | 167,940 | 16,020 | 9.9 | 0.9 | 95.4 |
1954 | 17,284,632 | 171,547 | 16,053 | 9.9 | 0.9 | 93.6 |
1955 | 17,522,438 | 162,711 | 19,389 | 9.3 | 1.1 | 119.2 |
1956 | 17,690,580 | 156,379 | 19,336 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 123.6 |
1957 | 17,865,515 | 154,970 | 20,421 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 131.8 |
1958 | 18,034,999 | 170,242 | 21,856 | 9.4 | 1.2 | 128.4 |
1959 | 18,226,203 | 163,572 | 21,483 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 131.3 |
1960 | 18,402,257 | 168,120 | 22,085 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 131.4 |
1961 | 18,592,567 | 168,510 | 21,532 | 9.1 | 1.2 | 127.8 |
1962 | 18,815,935 | 162,672 | 21,198 | 8.6 | 1.1 | 130.3 |
1963 | 19,036,409 | 157,909 | 21,328 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 135.1 |
1964 | 19,260,364 | 166,998 | 21,405 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 128.2 |
1965 | 19,489,605 | 174,301 | 21,649 | 8.9 | 1.1 | 124.2 |
1966 | 19,739,122 | 168,789 | 23,042 | 8.6 | 1.2 | 136.5 |
1967 | 19,960,120 | 169,282 | 20,840 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 123.1 |
1968 | 20,121,246 | 170,470 | 20,984 | 8.5 | 1.0 | 123.1 |
1969 | 20,251,498 | 174,507 | 20,178 | 8.6 | 1.0 | 115.6 |
1970 | 20,386,272 | 182,704 | 20,473 | 9.0 | 1.0 | 112.1 |
1971 | 20,579,890 | 183,916 | 21,347 | 8.9 | 1.0 | 116.1 |
1972 | 20,797,221 | 186,156 | 22,040 | 9.0 | 1.1 | 118.4 |
1973 | 21,008,154 | 183,665 | 23,221 | 8.7 | 1.1 | 126.4 |
1974 | 21,223,359 | 181,192 | 24,802 | 8.5 | 1.2 | 136.9 |
1975 | 21,441,297 | 180,046 | 25,137 | 8.4 | 1.2 | 139.6 |
1976 | 21,674,043 | 174,918 | 24,431 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 139.7 |
1977 | 21,900,681 | 178,783 | 22,990 | 8.2 | 1.0 | 128.6 |
1978 | 22,121,687 | 178,819 | 24,180 | 8.1 | 1.1 | 135.2 |
1979 | 22,297,376 | 176,310 | 21,952 | 7.9 | 1.0 | 124.5 |
1980 | 22,359,500 | 171,439 | 22,583 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 131.7 |
1981 | 22,499,154 | 173,036 | 22,557 | 7.7 | 1.0 | 130.4 |
1982 | 22,646,153 | 172,359 | 22,715 | 7.6 | 1.0 | 131.8 |
1983 | 22,800,697 | 171,906 | 22,127 | 7.5 | 1.0 | 128.7 |
1984 | 22,954,868 | 167,789 | 22,260 | 7.3 | 1.0 | 132.7 |
1985 | 23,121,383 | 163,022 | 23,952 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 146.9 |
1986 | 23,259,342 | 160,277 | 22,557 | 6.9 | 1.0 | 140.7 |
1987 | 23,393,494 | 163,469 | 22,907 | 7.0 | 1.0 | 140.1 |
1988 | 23,526,195 | 160,419 | 23,127 | 6.8 | 1.0 | 144.2 |
1989 | 23,594,157 | 158,544 | 22,761 | 6.7 | 1.0 | 143.6 |
1990 | 23,657,623 | 146,975 | 20,551 | 6.2 | 0.9 | 139.8 |
1991 | 23,532,279 | 134,826 | 17,551 | 5.7 | 0.7 | 130.2 |
Average population | Marriages | Divorces | Crude marriage rate (per 1000) | Crude divorce rate (per 1000) | Divorces per 1000 marriages |
History of national minorities in SFR Yugoslavia
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|
1940s and 1950s
The SFRY recognised "nations" (narodi) and "nationalities" (narodnosti) separately; the former included the constituent Slavic peoples, while the latter included other Slavic and non-Slavic ethnic groups such as Bulgarians and Slovaks (Slavic); and Hungarians and Albanians (non-Slavic). About a total of 26 known ethnic groups were known to live in Yugoslavia, including non-European originated Romani people.
Some of the largest non-Slavic ethnic minorities –
After World War II, around 250,000 Germans and Italians were
During the era of Tito–Stalin split, many Hungarians (who in 1953 made up around 25% of the population in Vojvodina[21]) were sympathetic towards the Hungarian People's Republic, and the words of Radio Budapest spread among the villagers.
In 1950s, various
See also
- Demographics of Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Demographics of Croatia
- Demographics of North Macedonia
- Demographics of Serbia and Montenegro
- Demographics of Slovenia
Footnotes
References
- ^ Judah 2008, p. 566.
- ^ a b Szajkowski 1981, p. 814.
- ^ a b Lane 2017, p. 173.
- ^ a b Coggins 2014, p. 108.
- ^ "Eurostat/Database/Population and social conditions/Demography and migration(demo)".
- ^ "Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia".
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1954" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1955" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1960" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1965" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1970" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1975" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1980" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1985" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1990" (PDF).
- ^ "Demography statistics 1990,Yugoslavia" (PDF).
- ^ "Statistical yearbook of Yugoslavia,1991" (PDF).
- ^ Shoup 1963, p. 64-81.
- ^ Yugoslavia's National Minorities under Communism by Paul Shoup In: Slavic Review, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Mar., 1963), pp. 64-81
- ^ Skutsch 2013, p. 344.
- ^ Shoup 1963, p. 76.
- ^ Shoup 1963, p. 80.
Books
- Coggins, Bridget (2014). Power Politics and State Formation in the Twentieth Century: The Dynamics of Recognition. Cambridge University Press. OCLC 1062293584.
- OCLC 845556553.
- Lane, Ann (2017). Yugoslavia: When Ideals Collide. Macmillan International Higher Education. OCLC 716811942.[permanent dead link]
- Skutsch, Carl (2013). Encyclopedia of the World's Minorities. New York: Routledge. OCLC 863823479.
- Szajkowski, Bogdan (1981). Marxist Governments: A World Survey: Volume 3 Mozambique — Yugoslavia. Springer. OCLC 492269719.
Journals
- Shoup, Paul (1963). "Yugoslavia's National Minorities under Communism". JSTOR 3000388.