Socialist Republic of Macedonia

Coordinates: 42°00′N 21°26′E / 42.000°N 21.433°E / 42.000; 21.433
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the predecessor state to the current North Macedonia. For other uses, see Macedonia.

Democratic Federal Macedonia (1944–1946)
Демократска Федерална Македонија
Demokratska Federalna Makedonija
People's Republic of Macedonia (1946–1963)
Народна Република Македонија
Narodna Republika Makedonija
Socialist Republic of Macedonia (1963–1991)
Социјалистичка Република Македонија
Socijalistička Republika Makedonija
Republic of Macedonia (1991)
Република Македонија
Republika Makedonija
1944–1991
Anthem: 
Constituent republic of Yugoslavia
CapitalSkopje
Common languagesMacedonian
Albanian
Serbo-Croatian
Religion
Secular state (de jure)
State atheism (de facto)[1][2]
Government1946–1990:
Titoist one-party socialist republic
1990–1991:
Parliamentary republic
Historical eraCold War
• ASNOM
2 August 1944
8 May 1945
1991
• Independence declared by referendum
8 September 1991
CurrencyAlbanian lek (1944)
Bulgarian lev (1944–1945)[3][4][5][6]
Yugoslav dinar (1945–1991)[7][8][9]
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
Kingdom of Bulgaria
Albanian Kingdom (1943–44)
Republic of Macedonia
Today part ofNorth Macedonia
Yugoslav Partisan
movement became one of the main components of the post-World War II Macedonian culture.
Monument of Lazar Koliševski in his hometown Sveti Nikole. Kolishevski was the first Prime Minister of the SR Macedonia.

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia (

independent country and held a referendum on 8 September 1991
on which a sovereign and independent state of Macedonia, with a right to enter into any alliance with sovereign states of Yugoslavia was approved.

Geographically, SR Macedonia bordered

Albania to the west, Greece to the south and Bulgaria to the east. Within Yugoslavia, it bordered SR Serbia (including SAP Kosovo
) to the north. It was one of two constituent republics of Yugoslavia that were landlocked.

Background

The first Macedonian state was formally proclaimed under the name Democratic Federal Macedonia

People's Liberation Army of Macedonia.[20]

Vardar Banovina was de facto liberated from the Germans and their collaborationists in late November 1944, so the ASNOM became operational in December, shortly after the German retreat. Nevertheless, in December anti-communist Albanian nationalists in Western Macedonia tried to remain in control of the region after the Yugoslav Partisans announced victory.[21] They aimed to resist incorporation of the area into communist Yugoslavia and it was only in early 1945 that the Yugoslav Partisans were able to establish their control over the mountainous area.

The nature of the new Yugoslav state remained unclear immediately after the war. Yugoslavia was envisioned by the Partisans as a "Democratic Federation", including six federal states.

People's Republic of Macedonia and was incorporated as a constituent republic in the Yugoslav Federation
.

People with various degrees of allegedly being pro-Bulgarian orientation (in the most cases they were pro-Independence and anti-Yugoslav) were purged from their positions, then isolated, arrested and imprisoned on fabricated charges. In many cases they were executed en masse, such as during the Bloody Christmas of 1945. The number of victims remains unclear, many academic sources put the number at 1,200 people [23] although according to Bulgarian estimates, the number is estimated to be around 50,000, including those executed, imprisoned, deported, subject to forced labor, etc. Some additional purges followed after the Tito–Stalin split.

The national

geographical region of Macedonia, which was divided between several countries. Some Macedonian politicians from the Republic advocated the idea of a United Macedonia, which would include Aegean Macedonia and Pirin Macedonia
. The idea was somewhat supported by the federal Yugoslav authorities on some occasions, or repressed, depending on the regional and international political situation.

Some people were against the federation and demanded

Bulgarophile sentiments, the Yugoslavian communists started a process of Macedonization and nation-building.[24][25]

Constitution

Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, 1974 – Official Gazette (in Macedonian)

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia, which was defined as a

independent state. The Constitution also recognized the right of self-determination and secession
. The borders of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia could only be changed by decision of the republic's parliament. Its inhabitants held both Yugoslav citizenship and an internal Macedonian citizenship for state business.

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia had its own

Territorial Defence armed forces (Macedonian: Територијална одбрана, Teritorijalna odbrana).[27]

System

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was a one-party communist state, the ruling political party being the League of Communists of Macedonia (in Macedonian: Сојуз на Комунистите на Македонија, Sojuz na Komunistite na Makedonija, abbreviation: СКМ, SKM). Being a constituent state of Yugoslavia, a leading founder of the Non-Aligned Movement, SR Macedonia pursued a neutral foreign policy and maintained a more liberal communist system compared to other communist states. The ruling ideology was based on Titoism and Workers' self-management (Macedonian: самоуправување, samoupravuvanje).

Minorities

While the Macedonians were the majority and were one of the constituent nations of SFR Yugoslavia (official term: narod) the rights of the

Macedonian Albanians and Macedonian Turks had the right to use their own languages within the school system and the media.[29] The constitution of the SR Macedonia defined the state as the national state of the ethnic Macedonians, but also as the state of Albanians and Turks.[29]

From the start of Yugoslav rule in Macedonia, accusations surfaced that the new authorities were involved in retribution against people who did not support the formation of the new Macedonian national identity.

State ideology.[32][33]

Religion

Although the ruling

Catholics, Protestants and other religious communities also could maintain their own organisations and places of worship
.

Geography

The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was the 4th largest constituent country of SFR Yugoslavia both by area and population. Within Yugoslavia, it had an internal border with the Socialist Republic of Serbia to the north and its subunit the Socialist Autonomous Province of Kosovo to the northwest, and had international borders with the People's Socialist Republic of Albania to the west, Greece to the south, and the People's Republic of Bulgaria to the east.

Transition

In 1990 the

parliamentary democracy. The first pluralist elections were held on 11 November the same year. The once ruling communist party took a reformist direction and renamed itself League of Communists of Macedonia – Party for Democratic Change led by Petar Gošev. After the head of the last communist presidency Vladimir Mitkov[34] resigned, Kiro Gligorov became the first democratically elected president of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia on 31 January 1991.[a]

On 16 April, parliament adopted a

dissolution of Yugoslavia began, the Republic of Macedonia issued a Sovereignty Declaration on 25 January 1991[35]
and later proclaimed itself a fully independent country, following a referendum held on 8 September 1991.

The

Prespa agreement
with Greece in June 2018 which resolved a long-standing naming dispute.

Heads of institutions

Part of a series on the
History of
North Macedonia
Chronological
Topical
Related
Lists and outlines
flag North Macedonia portal

Presidents of ASNOM

Presidents of Presidency of Parliament

Presidents of Parliament

Presidents of Presidency

Prime Ministers

Notes

  1. President of the Republic of Macedonia – The Official Site of The President of the Republic of Macedonia

References

  1. ISBN 9780271044354
    .
  2. ^ Avramović, Sima (2007). "Understanding Secularism in a Post-Communist State: Case of Serbia" (PDF).
  3. ^ Веднаш штом е завршено штембилувањето на бугарските левови и албанските лекови, со цел упростување на валутното прашање во Македонија, лековите се заменети со левови. За тоа повереникот за финансии при Президиумот на АСНОМ реферира пред претставниците на народноослободителните одбори на конференцијата што е одржана во ослободено Скопје во врска со финансиските проблеми. На тој начин, штембилуваниот лев остана единствена валута на подрачјето на Македонија... Види и Закон за курсевите за повлекување на окупационите банкноти и за регулирање на обврските (Сл. лист на ДФЈ“, број 23 од 19 април 1945). For more see: ASNOM vo sozdavanjeto na državata na makedonskiot narod. Referati od naučen sobir održan od 29 do 31 oktomvri 1984 godina vo Skopje (1987) Makedonska akademija na naukite i umetnostite, str. 380.
  4. ISBN 9781476606736
    , p. 100.
  5. ISBN 9540701821
    , стр. 119.
  6. ^ According to the article, the author of which is a Bulgarian banking expert and doctor of finance, the used Bulgarian banknotes were stamped with the inscription: Democratic Federative Yugoslavia Finance Commission for Macedonia. When withdrawing at the beginning of September 1944, the Bulgarian authorities took the available banknotes to the headquarters of the Bulgarian National Bank in Skopje. However, the Bulgarian currency remained in circulation under German occupation. By order of Adolf-Heinz Beckerle, additional quantities lev were printed at the German Reich printing house in Berlin, where the Bulgarian banknotes were printed, and were sent to Macedonia. For more: Костадин Христов, За първите македонски банкноти. Управление на риска ООД, 20.09.2017 г.
  7. ISBN 9780521046763
    , p. 237.
  8. ^ "National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia. Annual Report 1993" (PDF). www.nbrm.mk.
  9. ISBN 9780804779241
    , p. 705.
  10. ^ Constitution of the Socialist Republic of Macedonia, 1974 – Official Gazette of the Republic of Macedonia (in Macedonian)
  11. ^ sr:Устав Федеративне Народне Републике Југославије (1946)  (in Serbian) – via Wikisource.
  12. ^ sr:Устав Социјалистичке Федеративне Републике Југославије (1963)  (in Serbian) – via Wikisource.
  13. ^ a b On This Day – Macedonian Information Agency – MIA Archived 25 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine, see: 1991 (in Macedonian)
  14. ^ Constitutional History of the Republic of Macedonia Archived 27 March 2008 at the Wayback Machine by Dr. Cvetan Cvetkovski, Faculty of Law, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
  15. ISBN 0810855658
    , p. 240.
  16. ISBN 0253346568
    , p. 139-140.
  17. ISBN 3486580507
    , S. 234.
  18. ISBN 1-85532-473-3, p. 33
    .
  19. ISBN 1-4358-9132-5, p. 77.
  20. ISBN 0-8047-3615-4, p. 168
    .
  21. ^ "Zemra Shqiptare". www.zemrashqiptare.net. Archived from the original on 5 October 2011. Retrieved 31 October 2015.
  22. ISBN 0-253-34656-8
  23. ISBN 978-1-86064-841-0
    .
  24. ISBN 0820479039
    , p. 85.
  25. ISBN 0208008217
    , Chapter 9: The encouragement of Macedonian culture.
  26. ^ Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Macedonia Official Site Archived 16 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  27. ^ Ministry of Defence of Republic of Macedonia Archived 10 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  28. Antifašističkog sobranja narodnog oslobođenja Makedonije
    o uvođenju makedonskoga jezika kao službenog jezika u državi Makedoniji), dokument br. 8, 2. kolovoza 1944., Prohor Pčinjski, Metodije Andonov Čento (predsjedatelj ASNOM)
  29. ^
    ISBN 961-237-057-5, str. 163., 164.

    Prvi člen Ustave SR Makedonije (Ustav na SRM, 1974) je SRM definiral kot nacionalno državo makedonskega naroda ter albanske in turške narodnosti v njej. V členih 220 in 222 je bilo zapisano, da ljudje lahko prosto uporabljajo svoj jezik in pisavo za izražanje in razvijanje svoje kulture.

    — Vidovič-Muha, 2003., 163.

    Poleg tega so makedonske (in slovenske) javne osebe v okvirih SFRJ (zunaj SR Makedonije oziroma SR Slovenije) zelo redko upoštevale pravico do uporabe svojega jezika v javnem sporazumevanju, in to je dajalo vtis, da je edini uradni jezik na ravni države SFRJ srbohrvaščina.

    — Vidovič-Muha, 2003., 164.
  30. ISBN 1-85065-663-0
    .
  31. ISBN 186064841X
    , p. 40.
  32. ^ [1] Archived 24 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Anastas Vangeli, Antiquity musing: reflections on the Greco-Macedonian symbolic contest over the narratives of the ancient past, MA thessis; Central European University, Budapest; 2009, p. 87.
  34. ^ Faculty of Law, University of Skopje Archived 30 June 2012 at archive.today (in Macedonian)
  35. ^ Sovereignty Declaration – Parliament of the Republic of Macedonia

42°00′N 21°26′E / 42.000°N 21.433°E / 42.000; 21.433

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Socialist_Republic_of_Macedonia&oldid=1217237039"