Deng Zihui
Deng Zihui | |
---|---|
邓子恢 | |
![]() Deng during the 1940s | |
Member of Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party | |
In office October 1954 – January 1965 | |
Chairman | Mao Zedong |
Vice Premier of China | |
In office 1954–1965 | |
Premier | Zhou Enlai |
Succeeded by | Lin Biao |
Personal details | |
Born | Fujian | 17 August 1896
Died | 10 December 1972 Beijing | (aged 76)
Political party | Chinese Communist Party |
Spouse(s) | 3 (Cao Quangdi, Huang Xiuxiang and Chen Lan) |
Children | 9 (including Deng Huaisheng,[1] Deng Xiaolan, Deng Ruisheng[2]) |
Deng Zihui (
Deng was one of the initiators of the Central Rural Work Development that aimed on achieving agricultural growth. Deng Zihui also had a close relationship to Mao Zedong on issues related to agricultural reforms, however he was purged from all positions due to the Cultural Revolution.
Biography
Early life
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/N4A4D.jpg/300px-N4A4D.jpg)
Deng Zihui, a native of Fujian, was born on 17 August 1896 in Longyan and he came from a family of impoverished rural scholars.[3][4] After attending secondary school in China, he decided to study in Japan,[4] however, after one year, he was forced to drop out due to lung disease and return to China.[5] In September 1923, Deng founded the Rock Sound newspaper which aimed to spread Marxist ideas.[6] Between 1917 and 1928 he briefly worked as a teacher, but mostly as an employee, and then he began working as a salesman in his family's business.[4] This experience is what made him familiar with market mechanisms and with the organic links between urban and rural economies.[4]
Revolutionary activity
The revolutionary surge in the 1920s drew Deng into political action. He initially joined the
Deng organised many guerrilla strikes in his home province, Fujian.[8] Deng was put in charge of finance in the Ruijin soviet government of 1931–1933.[4] After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War, in 1938, he became a major military leader of the newly created New Fourth Army.[8] During the course of the wars Deng participated in, he became a close associate of Mao Zedong and he belonged in the small circle of Mao's faithful comrades.[4][8]
State career
Early career
After the founding of the
Late career and conflict with Mao Zedong
During the Central Committee Work Conference at
Death and legacy
Deng was persecuted by
Family
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Deng_Zihui_-_Chen_Lan.jpg/300px-Deng_Zihui_-_Chen_Lan.jpg)
Deng Zihui was born into a prosperous family and he was the second eldest out of eight children. His father was a businessman working in Ganzhou, while his mother was doing the housework. Deng's mother died from an illness when he was only thirteen years old.In the first month of 1915, Deng fell in love with his future wife, Cao Quangdi (June 1899 – November 1954). Later, during the same year, he proposed to her and on the tenth day of the first lunar month of 1916, he married her. Deng taught her how to read and write, while explaining revolutionary concepts to her, which she slowly accepted.Soon, Cao gave birth to their eldest son, Deng Yisheng. In April 1928, Deng Zihui was labeled a criminal by the nationalist Kuomintang government and as a family member, his wife was also wanted along with him. Cao, who was pregnant at the time, was forced to hide in Tibet where she gave birth to the couple's daughter, Deng Fangmei. During the Dragon Boat Festival, she secretly returned to China with his son and daughter, however she was caught by the local security chief and was arrested along with her parents. The Kuomintang pressured Cao to reveal her husband's whereabouts, however she refused. She was imprisoned for two months and then she was let go under surveillance. In the autumn of 1934, the Jiangxi–Fujian Soviet was in a state of emergency and the Chinese Red Army was coming close to the historic Long March.[2] Deng Zihui was forced to divorce her, in order to not cause trouble for her and to protect her and the rest of his family against reprisals from the Kuomintang.[12] In 1954, Cao suffered from uterine cancer and passed away. Deng met and married his second wife, Huang Xiuxiang, in late 1934. Huang, was a native of Fujian and she lived very close to Deng Zihui's home.[13] They had two children together (Deng Xiaolan and Deng Ruisheng[2]). Three days after the birth of their eldest child, Deng Huaisheng, they were forced to send him to a farmer's home in Huichang along with the son of Lin Boqu, due to the consequences of the civil war.[2] Later on, Huang was wounded, captured and executed during the breakout of the Long March.[2] In 1936, during the Chinese New Year, Deng remarried; this time with a woman named Chen Lan. Chen was born in 1913 but due to family poverty, she was sold to a mason's family as a child bride when she was only six years old. She joined the communist guerillas under the command of Deng Zihui after the Kuomintang killed her family in late 1934 where she served as a mimeographer, intelligence agent, needlewoman, sentry and cook.[12] The couple had seven children together (incl. Deng Husheng and Deng Hansheng). Chen died in Beijing, in 2005, at the age of 92.
References
- ^ "风雨十年农村工作部——邓子恢长子邓淮生访谈录--党史频道-人民网". 2013-01-23. Archived from the original on 2013-01-28.
- ^ a b c d e "邓子恢之子邓瑞生的三个名字--中国共产党新闻--中国共产党新闻-人民网". Internet Archive. 2015-02-18. Archived from the original on 2015-02-18.
- ^ a b c Summary of World Broadcasts: Asia, Pacific. Part 3. British Broadcasting Corporation. 1996. p. 5.
Born in Longyan County of southeast China's coastal province of Fujian in August 1896, Deng became a Communist Party member in 1926 [...] He died in Beijing on 10th December 1972.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Xiaohong, Xiao-Planes (2018). A dissenting voice against Mao Zedong's agricultural policy: Deng Zihui - 1953-1962. pp. 3–4, 18–20.
- OCLC 192079658.
- ^ a b c "邓子恢-龙岩市人民政府". Longyan Encyclopedia. Archived from the original on 2021-11-11.
- ^ ISBN 978-962-996-827-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-5381-5724-4.
- ^ Xiaoyang, Lu (4 January 2011). "用大炮轰"不倒的邓子恢, 中国共产党新闻, 人民网". Internet Archive (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2015-02-18. Retrieved 2021-11-08.
- ^ Chinese Law and Government Volume 34. M. E. Sharpe. 2001.
Comrade Shaoqi and Comrade Deng Zihui have been completely rehabilitated and their reputations restored.
- ISBN 978-0-520-06599-4.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-520-04158-5.
- ISBN 978-7-01-002448-6.
黄秀香是龙岩县东肖乡榴坑人,与邓子恢的家相距很近。
Further reading
Frederick C., Teiwes; Warren, Sun (1993). The Politics of Agricultural Cooperativization in China: Mao, Deng Zihui, and the "High Tide" of 1955. M.E. Sharpe.