Diana Fountain, Bushy Park

Diana Fountain, Bushy Park
Hampton Court side
General information
Type	Fountain
Location	Bushy Park, London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
Country	England, United Kingdom
Designations	Grade I
Listed Building – Grade I
Official name	Arethusa or 'Diana' Fountain
Designated	2 September 1952; reclassified 25 February 2011
Reference no.	1080871

The Diana Fountain in Bushy Park, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, is a seventeenth-century statue ensemble and water feature in an eighteenth-century setting with a surrounding pool and mile long tree lined vistas which honors the Roman Goddess Diana.^[1] Originally created for Somerset House in the 1630s, and remodelled about 1690, the fountain has stood since 1713 in Bushy Park, and now forms a large traffic island in Chestnut Avenue.

It is the focal point of two major vistas designed by Sir Christopher Wren, including Chestnut Avenue which is the ceremonial landward approach to Hampton Court Palace. The traffic island is circular and contains a 400-foot (120 m) diameter pool surrounded by lawns, with the Diana statue on a tall base in the middle of the pool. The fountain was listed as Grade II in 1952 and in 2011 reclassified as Grade I.^[2]

The

The execution of the gilt statue which forms the pinnacle of the tableaux has been attributed to Hubert Le Sueur, and related to payments to him from the king. The other metal sculptures, which are still ungilded, have been attributed to his rival Francesco Fanelli,^[4] and also to Le Sueur; a mention by John Evelyn in 1662 gave the whole fountain to Fanelli,^[5] but most historians follow the Royal Parks in preferring the documented involvement of Le Sueur. Preparation of the site had begun in 1633–34, and Le Sueur was given what appears to be his final payment after completion in 1637; Nicholas Stone was also paid for work on the stone elements, which were in black marble.^[6] In the original arrangement, recorded in a drawing of perhaps the 1670s, the figures of the boys, now on the corners, were higher up, at a level between the central female figure above and the sea-monsters carrying women below, and the scallop shells were on the corners, level with the breasts of the four female figures, catching water spouting from the fish held by the boys.^[7]

During the

The female figure on top of the fountain "has over her long life been known as Diana, Arethusa, Venus and even Proserpina", and recently "some younger visitors" take her for Diana, Princess of Wales.^[11] The official view is now firmly that she represents Arethusa, although the fountain continues to be known as the "Diana Fountain", and dissident views are still held by some parties.^[12][13][14]

Charles I had the Longford River dug from the River Colne to Hampton Court Palace in order to power the palace water features,^[15] 51°24′36″N 0°20′10″W / 51.40992°N 0.33619°W / 51.40992; -0.33619 and in 1713 Sir Christopher Wren utilised this water to give the complex a set of gravity fed water spouts. In the 297 years after the statue was relocated to its current site in the park, many of the waterspouts became clogged and only four were functioning before the renovations of 2009/10.

During World War II the pool was drained and part of Chestnut Avenue was used for

• 
  Close ups of nymphs showing the source of some of the waterjets
• 
  Somerset House and gardens in 1722, after the fountain had been moved
• 
  The Privy Garden, Hampton Court Palace
• 
  Prior to restoration, the central statue ungilded and most waterspouts were blocked
• 
  The pool was drained during the restoration
• 
  Diana being returned after restoration

The Diana Fountain is at the junction of two long straight tree lined avenues, Lime Avenue and Chestnut Avenue which cross at right angles. The Junction is off centre to both Avenues.

Chestnut Avenue

Chestnut Avenue crosses Bushy Park from

Chestnut Avenue was created as the ceremonial approach to Hampton Court Palace and to this day still contains a road across the Park, though for the sake of the deer, motor vehicles are only allowed on it during daylight hours. It was part of the route for the men's road race cycling event at the 2012 Summer Olympics.^[18]

• 
  Diana with Chestnut Avenue behind
• 
  Detail shot of the rows of trees near the Teddington gate

Lime Avenue

Lime Avenue is grassed and has multiple rows of

• 
  Lime Avenue looking towards White Lodge
• 
  The avenues are grazed by herds of Fallow and Red deer
• 
  The Diana Fountain viewed along Lime Avenue
• 
  A Ha-ha at the White Lodge end of Lime Avenue keeps the deer in the park without interrupting the view from the Diana fountain

• List of public art in Richmond upon Thames

Diana and Arethusa https://www.theitalianacademy.com/portfolio-posts/myth-arethusa-alpheus/

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diana Fountain, Bushy Park.

• Fisher, Geoffrey and Newman, John. jstor "A fountain design by Inigo Jones", The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 127, No. 989 (Aug. 1985), pp. 530–533, retrieved 12 June 2010
• Harris, John. The Diana Fountain at Hampton Court, The Burlington Magazine, Vol. 111, No. 796 (Jul. 1969), pp. 444–449, Jstor
• Leapman, Michael. Inigo; The Life of Inigo Jones, The Architect of the English Renaissance, 2004, Headline,
  ISBN 0-7553-1003-9
• Little, Patrick. The Cromwellian Protectorate, Boydell Press, 2007,
  ISBN 978-1-84383-282-9
• Longstaffe-Gowan, Todd and Russell, Vivian. The gardens and parks at Hampton Court Palace, Frances Lincoln ltd, 2005,
  ISBN 978-0-7112-2368-4, google books
• Worsley, Lucy and Souden, David, Hampton Court Palace, 2005,
  ISBN 1-85894-282-9
• Sheaf, John and Howe, Ken, Hampton and Teddington Past, 2000, Historical Publications Ltd,
  ISBN 0-948667-25-7