Drogue parachute
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A drogue parachute, also called drag chute, is a parachute designed for deployment from a rapidly moving object. It can be used for various purposes, such as to decrease speed, to provide control and stability, as a pilot parachute to deploy a larger parachute or a combination of these. Vehicles that have used drogue parachutes include multistage parachutes, aircraft, and spacecraft recovery systems.
The drogue parachute was invented by
History
The drogue parachute was first used during 1912 in a ground-based parachute test in the absence of airplanes, by Russian inventor Gleb Kotelnikov, who had patented an early canister-packed knapsack parachute a few months before this test. On a road near
During 1937, the Soviet Union decided to adopt the drogue parachute for the first time on a limited number of their aircraft, specifically those assigned to operate within the
One of the earliest production-standard military aircraft to use a drogue parachute to slow down and shorten its landings was the Arado Ar 234, a jet-powered reconnaissance-bomber used by the Luftwaffe. Both the trolley-and-skid undercarriage series of eight prototypes for the never-produced Ar 234A series — one on the aircraft, and a separate system on the aft surface of the trolley's main axle — and the tricycle undercarriage-equipped Ar 234B production series were fitted with a drogue parachute deployment capability in the extreme rear ventral fuselage.[citation needed]
During the
Design and characteristics
In comparison to a conventional parachute, the drogue parachute is more elongated and has a far smaller surface area; as a result, it provides far less drag. The drogue parachute can be deployed at speeds at which conventional parachutes would be torn apart, although it will not slow an object as much as a conventional parachute would do.[9] Due to its simpler design, the drogue parachute is also easier to deploy, minimizing the risk of becoming tangled while unfolding or failing to inflate properly.
Use
Parachuting
Drogue parachutes are sometimes used to deploy a main or reserve parachute by using the drag generated by the drogue to pull the main parachute out of its container. Such a drogue is referred to as a
Numerous innovations and improvements have been made to drogue parachutes intended for this purpose; examples include a patent for an antispinning feature granted during 1972,[12] and improved force distribution granted in 2011.[13]
Deceleration
When used to shorten an aircraft's landing distance, a drogue chute is called a drag parachute or braking parachute. They remain effective for landings on wet or icy runways and for high-speed emergency landings.[14]
Braking parachutes are also employed to slow down cars during drag racing; the National Hot Rod Association requires their installation on all vehicles able to attain speeds of 150 miles per hour or greater. They have also been installed on multiple experimental vehicles intended to conduct land speed record attempts.[15][16]
Stability
Drogue parachutes may also be used to help stabilise direction of objects in flight, such as thrown
Drogue parachutes have found use on
See also
- Air brake (aircraft)
- Drogue
- Sea anchor
References
- ^ a b "Parachuting at the site Divo: The Russian Book of records and achievements" (in Russian). bibliotekar.ru.
- ^ a b Lowry, Charles H. "Space Shuttle Orbiter Drag Chute Summary" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server.
- ^ "Parachute, Drogue, Mercury". Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ "Parachute, Drogue, Gemini". Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- S2CID 35463923.
- ^ "Soyuz parachutes to Safe Landing – Space Station Crew returns after 186 Days in Orbit – Soyuz TMA-19M | Spaceflight101". 2016-06-18. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ Why is NASA Still Using 1960's Parachute Test Results?, retrieved 2024-01-16
- ^ Wood, T. David; Kanner, Howard S.; Freeland, Donna M.; Olson, Derek T. (2012). "SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER (SRB): FLIGHT SYSTEM INTEGRATION AT ITS BEST" (PDF). NASA Technical Reports Server.
- ^ "Relive Apollo 11 Glossary: Abbreviations and Acronyms". NASA. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ Brain, Marshall (27 August 2002). "How Skydiving Works". adventure.howstuffworks.com. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ "What are Drogues in Skydiving?". skydivecal.com. 9 December 2018.
- ^ "Aerial flare with drogue parachute". 1972.
- ^ "Skydiving equipment to distribute the tension forces of a drogue parachute". 2011.
- ^ "Deceleration Parachutes". Miles Manufacturing. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ "North American Eagle Project: Deceleration – High Speed Parachute Systems". Archived from the original on 9 October 2010.
- ^ "Engineering Special Report: How to slow a supersonic car with a parachute". bloodhoundlsr.com. 27 August 2019.
- .
- ^ "ACES II Ejection Seat Stabilizing Drogue Parachute". Life Support International. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ a b "Drogue Parachutes". apogeerockets.com. Retrieved 17 June 2020.
- ^ .
- ^ Stephen A. Whitmore; Brent R. Cobleigh; Steven R. Jacobson; Steven C. Jensen; Elsa J. Hennings. "Development and Testing of a Drogue Parachute System for X-37 ALTV/B-52H Separation" (PDF). NASA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-01-21. Retrieved 2020-06-17.
- doi:10.2514/1.28437.
- ^ SpaceX. "Dragon". SpaceX. Retrieved 2024-01-16.
- ^ Messier, Doug (12 April 2018). "More Details on SpaceX's Fairing & Drogue Parachute Recovery Efforts". parabolicarc.com.
- ^ Berger, Eric (2022-05-03). "Rocket Lab catches a 1-ton booster falling back from space". Ars Technica. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
- ^ "ISRO Conducts Drogue Parachute Deployment Tests for Gaganyaan Mission". www.isro.gov.in. Retrieved 2024-02-04.
- ISSN 2692-7659.
- .
- ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
External links
- Marine parachute drogues [1]
- PTK-10SK Parachute braking system
- PTK-29SK Parachute braking system
- PTK-25 Parachute braking system
- PTK-10240-65 series 2 Parachute braking system