E=MC² (Mariah Carey album)
E=MC² | ||||
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Studio album by | ||||
Released | April 4, 2008 | |||
Recorded | 2007–2008 | |||
Genre | ||||
Length | 52:14 | |||
Label | Island | |||
Producer |
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Mariah Carey chronology | ||||
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Singles from E=MC² | ||||
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E=MC² is the eleventh
.The album revealed a more personal side of the singer, illustrated in its declarative theme of emancipation from her previous marriage, and from her personal and professional setbacks. It was meant to be a continuation, or a second part of her tenth studio album, -influenced hymns.
E=MC² was generally well received by music critics, with many complimenting the record's broad genre influences, and musical and production styles. Some critics, however, felt that the album was too similar to The Emancipation of Mimi. The album debuted at number one on the US Billboard 200 with opening week sales of 463,000 copies; the highest first-week sales of Carey's career. It also debuted at number one in Canada, and opened inside the top-five in Australia, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Worldwide, the album has sold over 2.5 million copies.
Four singles were released to promote the album. The album's lead single, "Touch My Body", became Carey's eighteenth chart-topper on the Billboard Hot 100, tying her with Elvis Presley as the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, a record she has since surpassed. Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the chart, tying Presley for most weeks at number one. It achieved strong worldwide charting, peaking within the top five of the singles charts in Italy, Japan, New Zealand, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. "Bye Bye" served as the album's second release. Although hailed by critics, and expected to have achieved large commercial success, the song stalled at number nineteen on the Hot 100, and managed to chart weakly internationally. The third single, "I'll Be Lovin' U Long Time" failed to garner success in any prominent music market. The fourth and final single "I Stay in Love" became her fourteenth chart topper on the Dance Club Songs chart.
Background and recording
In 2002,
Delays and release
The album was supposed to be released in late 2007, but Carey spoke about reason the album got delayed: "You can't really put records out in December if you want the whole world to have a chance to actually hear it, [and] my fans all over the world are very important to me", adding that she also wants to put out a pair of singles before the album drops.[11] In a separate interview, she elaborated further: "This happened to me with The Emancipation of Mimi, I started writing more songs, I was like okay let me get these done, then I wrote four more songs and you know how it goes, so now I'm like 22 songs in and clearly I have to cut some of those down".[12] It was then reported that the album will be released in February 2008.[13] However, the release was later pushed back yet again to April 2008.[14]
Prior to its release, the album's working title had been That Chick, which was also the working title of a song on the album that would eventually be titled, "I'm That Chick".[15] As the release date drew near, the title was changed to E=MC², in reference to Carey's previous album, The Emancipation of Mimi (2005). The title signifies "(E) Emancipation (=) of (MC) Mariah Carey (²) to the second power".[16] It is a word play on Albert Einstein's famous mass–energy equivalence formula and has been dubbed as the sequel and improved counterpart to The Emancipation of Mimi.[16] In his review of the album, Alex Macpherson from The Guardian described his thoughts on its title, as well as its meaning:
It is worth pondering what the title of Mariah Carey's eleventh studio album could refer to. Emancipation, maybe, in a nod to her 2005 comeback album, The Emancipation of Mimi; or perhaps the energy of the original equation, a statement that Carey still has what it takes to party all night at the age of 37, even as she describes herself as "eternally 12". Then again, she could just be identifying herself alongside Einstein as a fellow genius. Either way, 'E=MC²' finds Carey loopier than ever, embracing her own larger-than-life image with gusto: Mariah Carey Squared indeed.[17]
Carey expressed how she considered Mimi the "main course", and felt that the new album would be treated as "dessert".
Composition
Style and structure
Music critics compared E=MC² heavily to Carey's previous album,
Songs and lyrics
The first song on the album's track list is "Migrate", a song Carey wrote and co-produced alongside Danja, and features a rap verse from T-Pain. The song features the inclusion of Auto-Tune and several vocal manipulators, which are used heavily on both Carey and T-Pain's vocals.[21] Lyrically, the song finds the singer during a night out, migrating from several locations: from the car to the club, from the bar to the V.I.P, from the party to the after-party, and finally to the hotel. According to Brian Hiatt from VH1, she "hops from my car into the club ... from the bar to VIP ... from the party to the after-party ... afterparty to hotel" with T-Pain, who urges her to "bounce, bounce, bounce."[22]
The album's
"Cruise Control", featuring
[It] finally reveals a side of Mariah we don't see that often — her true self. The Mariah we usually see and hear is a glossy one. Psychologists might say her affect is 'off' — meaning her gestures and facial expressions don't match her mood. There's a reason for that, as she explains on 'Side Effects', which is the emotional abuse she says she suffered during her marriage to music mogul Tommy Mottola. Mariah, who is usually quite guarded, has alluded to the subject in songs like 'Petals', but never has she gone into such detail as she does on 'Side Effects', in which she refers to the marriage as a 'private hell that we built'. Even though it's been 11 years since they split up, she sings in a lower register that she's still 'wakin' up scared some nights ... dreaming about the violent times'. Her emotional scars left her 'a little protective ... a little defensive ... a little depressed', which makes her 'fake a smile' as she 'deal[s] with the side effects'. Even though it features Young Jeezy, it sounds like a rock power ballad.[22]
"I'm That Chick" is a song Carey wrote alongside Norwegian duo,
"Bye Bye" served as the album's thirteenth track, and also composed by Carey and Stargate. It is influenced by R&B and pop music genres.[37] The song is built on an understated and simple piano-driven melody, that is decorated with a soft bass-line.[37] Lyrically, the song was described by critics as a "larger than life anthem",[38] and an "inspirational lighter-in-the-air ballad",[39] and finds Carey remembering both her father, as well as any lost loved ones.[40] While the verses are dedicated to him, the chorus was written in a third-person point of view, for her fans: "This is for my peoples who just lost somebody / Your best friend, your baby, your man or your lady / Put your hand way up high / We will never say bye / Mamas, daddies, sisters, brothers, friends and cousins / This is for my peoples who lost their grandmothers / Lift your hands to the sky / Because we won't ever say bye bye".[41] While listing several forms of loss, Carey encourages to never let go, and always live with their memory, and put their hands up if they ever lost someone, 'cause we won't ever say bye bye'.[41] Serving as the album's closing number, "I Wish You Well" was compared to the closing number on Mimi, "Fly Like a Bird". Similarly, "I Wish You Well" incorporates gospel influence into its melody of "rousing piano waltz", that "extends forgiveness to those who have wronged her in the past and is pretty much interchangeable with its predecessors."[30] Extensively making use of the whistle register, she references Mottola in another light than "Side Effects": "'I Wish You Well's' message to Mottola is similarly striking. Accompanied by a piano and some multi-tracked backing vocals, Carey sings: "Still bruised, still walk on eggshells / Same frightened child, hide to protect myself / But you can't manipulate me like before." She then prescribes Bible study and says, "I wish you well."[21]
Promotion
Following the song's digital release, Carey promoted the song on several live televised appearances and programs throughout the world. Only days prior to being released digitally, the singer was announced as the musical guest on an episode of
On the
Similarly, Carey performed the song live on the German talent show,
Singles
"Touch My Body" was released as the lead single from the album on February 12, 2008. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, who complimented its hook and production, as well as its playful lyrics. "Touch My Body" reached the top position on the Hot 100 in its fourth week, and became Carey's eighteenth chart topper, selling 286,000 digital downloads.[67] The song's opening week broke several records, making her the solo artist with the most number one singles in United States history, surpassing the record held by Elvis Presley.[67] Additionally, it gave Carey her 79th week atop the Hot 100, tying her with Presley as the artist with the most weeks at number one in the Billboard chart history."[68] The song also sold the highest amount of digital records in one week, surpassing Rihanna's "Umbrella" (2007), which sold 277,000 units.[69] Internationally, the song achieved strong chart success, peaking within the top five on the charts in Italy,[70] Japan,[71] New Zealand,[72] Switzerland[73] and the United Kingdom.[74] The song's music video was directed by film-maker Brett Ratner,[75] who had previously worked with the singer on five other music videos. It follows around a story revolving around a computer employees fantasy as he visits Carey's home. As he fixes her computer, he enters a fantasy in which the pair perform several activities together, including a pillow fight, playing laser tag, Guitar Hero and slot cars, and throw a frisbee, all while showing off Carey's figure in several revealing outfits.
"Bye Bye" was announced as the second single from the album on April 15, 2008. The song received generally positive reviews from music critics, and was heavily speculated to have become her 19th number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100.[76] Many reviewers complimented its simple and understated musical arrangement and personalized lyrics, while some felt the song was too simple for an artist of Carey's stature.[77][78] The track only managed to reach a peak position of number nineteen on the Billboard Hot 100.[79] Throughout other countries where it found release, the song achieved relatively weak charting, peaking within the top ten in New Zealand,[80] and in the top-fifty in Canada,[81] Ireland,[82] Slovakia,[83] and the United Kingdom.[84] The song's accompanying music video was directed by Justin Francis on the island of Antigua in the Caribbean.[85] Notably, Carey and Cannon began dating during their trip to the island, and later wed on April 30, 2008.[86] The video features behind-the-scenes footage of the couple, Carey promoting the album in the United Kingdom, as well as photos of several of Carey's close friends, family and past collaborators such as Luciano Pavarotti and Luther Vandross.
The album's third single, "
"
Canceled Tour
Since the album's release in early April, Carey had said publicly that she planned on embarking on a large worldwide tour in support of E=MC². In an interview with Billboard on March 28, 2008, Carey explained "It's come up, and I'm probably going to do it, but I don't know exactly how we're going to do it or when. I'm thinking probably September. But I think it's important to tour with this album, because there are so many songs that I really want to sing live, that I really enjoy."
Critical reception
Aggregate scores | |
---|---|
Source | Rating |
Metacritic | 64/100[99] |
Review scores | |
Source | Rating |
AllMusic | [100] |
Billboard | (Favorable)[2] |
Entertainment Weekly | A−[3] |
The Guardian | [17] |
Houston Chronicle | [28] |
Los Angeles Times | [101] |
The New York Times | (Mixed)[23] |
PopMatters | [24] |
Rolling Stone | [102] |
Slant Magazine | [103] |
E=MC² received generally positive reviews from music critics. At review aggregator Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from professional publications, the album received a weighted average score of 64 based on 19 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[99]
The Houston Chronicle's Joey Guerra felt all of the album's tracks were strong, and wrote "Every track plays like a potential hit single, and that's exactly what fans will love about 'E=MC²'. Expect it to soundtrack much of the summer and beyond."[28] Los Angeles Times staff writer, Richard Cromelin, gave the album two out of four stars, noting its "alternatives to the glass-shattering flamboyance of her early '90s youth."[101] He concluded in his mixed review of the album, "Of course, consistency isn't so important when an album is assembled as a series of singles rather than a cohesive work. Fortunately for Carey, the tabloid-tailored real-life back story on one side and the producer's craft on the other matter more than the art of singing in this particular fairy tale."[101] Ben Ratliff of The New York Times felt the album didn't level up to par with Carey's previous release, writing "Much of the record sounds like urban-radio imitations, without the peculiarities and effective hooks of 'Mimi'. Maybe emancipation isn't a continuing procedure; maybe it only comes once."[23] Writing for PopMatters, Evan Sawdey rated E=MC² four out of ten discs, describing it as a "shallow imitation of its predecessor". Sawdey concluded his review on a mixed note, stating " the second act of Mariah's comeback doesn't wisely expand her sound: it instead succumbs to the blueprint so carefully laid out by its predecessor, a pointless remake that exists only because it has to. If you ever had a doubt as to its formulaic nature, you need to look no further than its title. Long live the Diva."[24] Caryn Ganz from Rolling Stone questioned why she limited her vocal abilities throughout the record, "nearly every song confines Carey to four-note verses, offering little room for her glorious range."[37] Journalist Eric Henderson, writing for Slant Magazine, graded the album three out of five stars, and concluding with, "Such are the rewards of an album like 'E=MC²', in which one does reach a solution, but not before Mariah bends over backward to show her work."[103] The album finished in the top-ten of several "best of 2008" lists, ending at number four on an official poll held by Billboard,[106] eight by The Detroit News,[107] and number ten by The San Diego Union-Tribune.[108] Robert Christgau picked out one song from the album, "Touch My Body", as a "choice cut" ().[109]
Year-end lists
Publication | Accolade | Rank | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
Pitchfork (Tom Ewing) |
The 50 Best Albums of 2008 | 14
|
|
Pitchfork (David Raposa) |
The 50 Best Albums of 2008 | 21
|
Commercial performance
E=MC² debuted at number one on the
E=MC² entered the
In April 2020, the album had a resurgence in popularity. This led to it reaching number one on the iTunes albums charts in several countries including the United States, and top 10 in several countries worldwide.[140][141]
Track listing
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. | " Stargate | 3:31 | ||
7. | "Love Story" |
|
| 3:56 |
8. | "I'll Be Lovin' U Long Time" |
|
| 3:01 |
9. | "Last Kiss" |
|
| 3:36 |
10. | "Thanx 4 Nothin'" |
|
| 3:05 |
11. | "O.O.C." |
| 3:26 | |
12. | "For the Record" |
|
| 3:26 |
13. | "Bye Bye" |
|
| 4:27 |
14. | "I Wish You Well" |
|
| 4:35 |
Total length: | 52:10 |
| 3:34 |
No. | Title | Writer(s) | Producer(s) | Length |
---|---|---|---|---|
16. | "4real4real" (featuring Da Brat) |
|
| 4:13 |
Personnel
Credits for E=MC² adapted from the album's liner notes.[144]
- Mariah Carey – producer (Tracks 2-14), executive producer, lead vocals (All Tracks), background vocals (All Tracks)
- Marcella Araica – audio mixing (Track 1)
- Miguel Bustamante – audio mixing assistant (Track 1)
- Bryan-Michael Cox – producer, instruments (Tracks 4, 12)
- Aldrin Davis – producer (Track 8)
- Kasseem Daoud Dean – producer (Track 11)
- Jermaine Dupri – producer, audio mixing (Tracks 3, 7, 9-10)
- Mikkel S. Eriksen– producer, recording engineer, instruments (Tracks 6, 13)
- Brian Gartner – recording engineer (All Tracks), audio mixing (Track 14)
- Shawntae Harris – background vocals (Track 11)
- Tor E. Hermansen– producer, instruments (Tracks 6, 13)
- Floyd Nathaniel Hills– producer (Track 1)
- John Horesco IV – recording engineer (Tracks 3, 7, 9-10)
- Josh Houghkirk – audio mixing assistant (Tracks 3, 6-10, 13)
- Jay Wayne Jenkins– rap vocals (Track 5)
- Crystal Johnson– background vocals (Tracks 3, 5–6, 8)
- Jaycen Joshua – audio mixing (Tracks 2, 12)
- Damian Marley – vocals (Track 3)
- Faheem Rasheed Najm – vocals (Track 1)
- Terius Youngdell Nash – producer (Track 2)
- Dave Pensado – audio mixing (Tracks 2, 12)
- James Poyser – producer (Track 14)
- Derrick Selby – recording engineer (Track 8)
- Kelly Sheehan – additional recording engineer (Track 2)
- Manuel Seal – producer (Tracks 3, 7, 9-10)
- Christopher Stewart – producer (Track 2)
- Scott Storch – producer (Track 5)
- Phil Tan – audio mixing (Tracks 3–4, 6-10, 13)
- Maryann Tatum – background vocals (Tracks 1, 6, 11, 13–14)
Charts
Weekly charts
Monthly charts
|
Year-end charts
|
Certifications and sales
‹See Tfd›‹See Tfd›Region | Certification | Certified units/sales |
---|---|---|
Australia (ARIA)[181] | Gold | 35,000^ |
Brazil (Pro-Música Brasil)[182] | Gold | 30,000* |
Canada (Music Canada)[183] | Platinum | 80,000^ |
Japan (RIAJ)[184] | Gold | 100,000^ |
South Korea | — | 7,532[185] |
Russia ( NFPF)[186]
|
Gold | 10,000* |
United Kingdom (BPI)[188] | Gold | 136,986[187] |
United States (RIAA)[190] | Platinum | 1,300,000[189] |
Summaries | ||
Worldwide | — | 2,500,000[191] |
* Sales figures based on certification alone. |
Release history
Country | Release (standard edition) | Format | Label |
---|---|---|---|
Austria[192] | April 4, 2008 | CD, digital download | The Island Def Jam Music Group |
Italy[193] | |||
Belgium[194] | April 11, 2008 | ||
Germany[195] | Universal Music Group | ||
Ireland[196] | The Island Def Jam Music Group | ||
Norway[197] | |||
Australia[198] | April 14, 2008 | ||
France[199] | |||
New Zealand[200] | |||
United Kingdom[201] | Mercury Records | ||
Canada[202] | April 15, 2008 | Universal Music Group | |
Japan[203] | The Island Def Jam Music Group | ||
Mexico[204] | |||
United States[205] |
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