Edward Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh
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Born | Edward Cecil Guinness 10 November 1847 Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland |
Died | 7 October 1927 Grosvenor Place, London, England | (aged 79)
Resting place | Elveden, Suffolk |
Education | Trinity College Dublin |
Political party | Irish Unionist Alliance |
Spouse | Adelaide Guinness |
Children | Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh Ernest Guinness Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne |
Parent(s) | Benjamin Guinness, 1st Baronet Elizabeth Guinness |
Family | Guinness |
Edward Cecil Guinness, 1st Earl of Iveagh,
Public life
Born in
Business
Lord Iveagh was managing director of the
By the age of 29 he had taken over sole ownership of the Dublin brewery after buying out the half-share of his older brother
He then became the richest man in Ireland after floating two-thirds of the company in 1886 on the London Stock Exchange for £6 million before retiring a multi-millionaire at the age of 40. He remained chairman of the new public company Guinness, and was its largest shareholder, retaining about 35% of the stock. The amount can be compared to the 1886 GDP of the UK, which was £116 million.[5] By 1914 the brewery's output had doubled again from the 1886 level, to 1,877,000 hogsheads.[6]
In 1902 he commissioned the Guinness Storehouse, that is today one of Ireland's main tourist attractions.
Public housing
Like his father and brother, Lord Iveagh was a generous philanthropist and contributed almost £1 million to
Iveagh was portrayed as "Guinness Trust" in a "Spy" cartoon in July 1891.
Medical and scientific research
Iveagh also donated £250,000 to the
Iveagh helped finance the
Art collector
Interested in fine art all his life, from the 1870s Guinness amassed a distinguished collection of Old Master paintings, antique furniture and historic textiles. In the late 1880s he was a client of Joe Duveen buying screens and furniture; Duveen realised that he was spending much more on fine art at Agnews, and refocused his own business on art sales. He later recalled Guinness as a: "stocky gentleman with a marked Irish brogue".[13]
While he was furnishing his London home at Hyde Park Corner, after he had retired, he began building his art collection in earnest. Much of his collection of paintings was donated to the nation after his death in 1927 and is housed at the Iveagh Bequest at Kenwood, Hampstead, north London. While this lays claim to much of his collection of paintings, it is Farmleigh that best displays his taste in architecture as well as his tastes in antique furniture and textiles.[citation needed] Iveagh was also a patron of then-current artists such as the British portraitist Henry Keyworth Raine[14]
Political life
Iveagh's father had sat as a
Given his wealth he preferred to effect social improvements himself, and preferred a seat in the House of Lords, which he achieved in 1891. He supported the
Like many others in the Irish business world, he had feared that Irish Home Rule would result in new taxes or customs duties between Dublin and Britain, his largest market. The existing free trade within the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland would likely turn protectionist, causing a loss of sales, employment and profits. In the event, the new Free State increased the tax on sales within Ireland, but not on exports.
Sporting interests
On land, Iveagh's favourite hobby was to drive a
Record estate
After his death in 1927 at Grosvenor Place, London, Iveagh was buried at Elveden, Suffolk. His estate was assessed for probate at £13,486,146 16s. 2d. (roughly equivalent to £856,407,942 in 2021[18]).[19] This remained a British record until the death of Sir John Ellerman in 1933. Although probate was sought in Britain, a part of the death duties was paid to the new Irish Free State. His will bequeathed Kenwood House in Hampstead to the nation as a museum for his art collection, known as the "Iveagh Bequest".[20]
In 1936 his family installed the "Iveagh Window" in his memory, in the north transept of St Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin. The window was designed and made by Sir Frank Brangwyn.[21][22]
In 1939 Iveagh's sons gave his Dublin home at 80 St. Stephen's Green to the Irish Free State, and it was renamed
Family
In 1873, Iveagh married his third cousin Adelaide Guinness, nicknamed "Dodo". She was descended from the banking line of Guinnesses, and was the daughter of Richard S. Guinness, barrister and MP, and his wife Katherine, a daughter of Sir Charles Jenkinson.
Adelaide's most famous portrait was painted circa 1885 by George Elgar Hicks.[citation needed] They had 3 sons:
- Rupert Guinness, 2nd Earl of Iveagh (1874–1967)
- The Hon. Arthur Ernest Guinness (1876–1949)
- Walter Guinness, 1st Baron Moyne (1880–1944)
Arms
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See also
References
- ^ Army List.
- London Gazette, No. 31610, p. 12889; 21 October 1919.
- ^ Lynch & Vaizey (1960), op cit, 200–201.
- ^ Wilson & Gourvish, "The Dynamics of the International Brewing Industry Since 1800". Psychology Press, 1998; p. 113.
- ^ "Measuring Worth web site; UK GDP page". Measuringworth.org. Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ Wilson & Gourvish, op cit, p. 113 chart.
- ^ https://www.guinnesspartnership.com/about-us/what-we-do/ Guinness partnership, about, 2020.
- ^ See the Dublin Improvement (Bull Alley Area) Act, 1903.
- ISBN 0-300-10923-7.
- ^ "Medical research details published in 1927". Retrieved 20 January 2013.
- ^ A short history of giving to Trinity, 2014 booklet by Trinity College Dublin, p. 2.
- ^ "Iveagh, Mount". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved 12 July 2012.
- ^ Sunday Herald, 30 November 1952, p. 9. Online; accessed 15 September 2014
- ^ Humanities, National Endowment for the (13 May 1906). "The Minneapolis journal. [volume] (Minneapolis, Minn.) 1888-1939, May 13, 1906, Part II, Editorial Section, Image 20". p. 8 – via chroniclingamerica.loc.gov.
- ^ Walker, B. M. Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922. Royal Irish Academy. p. 132.
- ^ Joyce, J. The Guinnesses (Poolbeg Press, Dublin 2009), pp. 227–228.
- ^ "The Guinness Fleets | National Maritime Museum of Ireland". Archived from the original on 15 September 2014. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
- ^ UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
- ^ "Iveagh K.P., The Right Honourable Edward Cecil". probatesearchservice.gov. UK Government. 1927. Retrieved 11 August 2019.
- ^ 1951 Kenwood guidebook; Bryant J. Kenwood: Paintings in the Iveagh Bequest (2003).
- ^ "The Iveagh Window". Archived from the original on 23 February 2003.
- ^ "Stained-glass Windows". St Patrick's Cathedral. 26 May 2016.
- ^ "1862 – Iveagh House, St. Stephen's Green, Dublin". 19 February 2010.
Bibliography
- G. Martelli, Man of his time (London 1957).
- D. Wilson, Dark and Light (Weidenfeld, London 1998).
- J. Guinness, Requiem for a family business (Macmillan, London 1997).
- S. Dennison and O.MacDonagh, Guinness 1886-1939 From incorporation to the Second World War (Cork University Press 1998).
- F. Aalen, The Iveagh Trust The first hundred years 1890-1990 (Dublin 1990).
- J. Bryant, Kenwood: The Iveagh Bequest (English Heritage publication 2004)
- Joyce, J. The Guinnesses (Poolbeg Press, Dublin 2009)
- Bourke, Edward J. The Guinness Story: The Family, the Business and the Black Stuff (O'Brien Press, 2009). ISBN 978-1-84717-145-0
External links
- Hesilrige, Arthur G. M. (1921). Debrett's Peerage and Titles of courtesy. 160A, )
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by the Earl of Iveagh