Edward Poynings
Sir Edward Poynings | |
---|---|
Born | 1459 |
Died | 22 October 1521 |
Spouse(s) | Elizabeth Scott |
Issue | John Poynings Thomas Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings (illegitimate) Edward Poynings (illegitimate) Sir Adrian Poynings (illegitimate) Jane Poynings (illegitimate) Margaret Poynings (illegitimate) Mary Poynings (illegitimate) Rose Poynings (illegitimate) |
Father | Sir Robert Poynings |
Mother | Elizabeth Paston |
Sir Edward Poynings
Early life
Edward Poynings was the only son of
Poynings was brought up by his mother. In October 1483 he was a leader of the rising in Kent planned to second
Under Henry VII
In 1488 he was on a commission to inspect the ordnance at
In 1493 Poynings was acting as deputy or
In Ireland
Meanwhile, in Ireland, a
Poynings landed at Howth on 13 October 1494 with a thousand men, and Henry Deane, bishop of Bangor, to act as chancellor, Hugh Conway as treasurer, and others to control the courts of king's bench, common pleas, and exchequer. Poynings's first measure was an expedition into Ulster, in conjunction with Kildare, to punish O'Donnell, O'Hanlon, Magennis, and other chieftains who had abetted Warbeck's first invasion of Ireland. His progress was stopped by the news that Kildare was plotting with O'Hanlon against his life; some colour was given to the charge by the revolt of Kildare's brother James, who seized Carlow Castle, mounted the Geraldine banner, and refused to surrender when summoned in the king's name. Poynings abandoned the Ulster invasion, turned south, and with some difficulty reduced Carlow; he then proceeded to Drogheda and summoned a parliament.
Poynings' Parliament
The parliament opened on 1 December 1494, and, after
Over the centuries, the terms "The Statute[s] of Drogheda", "Poynings' Law", or "Poynings' Act" have been applied variously by politicians, historians, and lawyers, either to the full set [or "statute" 10 Hen. 7] of acts passed by the parliament, or to one of two specific acts [or "chapters"]:[3]
- "Great Seal of England, or without notice to the English privy council, and that no acts of the Irish parliament should be valid unless previously submitted. This rendered the Irish parliament completely subordinate to that of England. Despite some amendments and promises of repeal, it was not until the Constitution of 1782that the Irish parliament once more became independent.
- "An Act confirming all the Statutes made in England" [10 Hen. 7 c. 22[nb 1] ]: while the act referred to acts "lately made", it was subsequently interpreted as applying to all acts of the Parliament of Englandmade before 1494.
Later actions
While this parliament was sitting, Poynings made another expedition into Ulster, leaving a commission with his chancellor to continue, prorogue, or dissolve it as he thought fit. The Irish retreated, and the second expedition was even less successful than the first. Poynings now negotiated alliances with various septs, chiefly by money payments, and enforced on the inhabitants of the Pale the duty of protecting its borders against Irish incursions. With the help of his under-treasurer, William Hatteclyffe, with whom he was connected by marriage, Poynings endeavoured to reform the finances; but the opposition of subordinate officials largely impaired his success, and Warbeck's attack on Waterford in July 1495 interrupted the work. The lord deputy marched in person against Perkin, who blockaded Waterford with eleven ships, while Desmond, with 2,400 men, attacked it on land. The town held out for eleven days, and then, on Poynings's approach, Warbeck fled to Scotland.
Poynings was recalled in January 1496. The Yorkists in Ireland had been dealt with, but Henry was disappointed that Poynings, through his system of subsidising Irish chiefs, and the partial failure of his fiscal reforms, had been unable to make Ireland pay her own way; and he now fell back on the cheaper method of governing by the help of the great Anglo-Irish families. Kildare, who had regained favour, was once more appointed deputy, and the Geraldine supremacy lasted till 1534.
Later life
After his return to England, Poynings was occupied in the administration of the
Poynings's offices of controller and warden of the Cinque ports were regranted him at the beginning of the new reign. In 1511 he was again on active service. In June he was placed in command of some ships and a force of fifteen hundred men, and despatched to assist Margaret of Savoy, Regent of the Netherlands, in suppressing the revolt in Gelderland. He embarked at Sandwich on 18 July, reduced several towns and castles, and then proceeded to besiege Venlo. After three unsuccessful assaults the siege was raised, and Poynings, loaded with favours by Margaret and Charles, returned to England in the autumn.
He sat in the parliament summoned on 4 February 1512, probably for some constituency in Kent, but the returns are lost. From May to November he was going from place to place in the Netherlands, negotiating a league against France. He was similarly employed early in 1513, with the formation of the 'holy league' on 5 April between the emperor, the pope, and the kings of England and Spain. With a retinue of five hundred men he was present at the capture of
In October peace was made with France, and in February 1515 Poynings returned to England, with a pension of a thousand marks from Charles, and requested leave to go on a pilgrimage to Rome. In March he was appointed ambassador to the Pope, but the embassy never started; and on 7 May, with
This was the last of Poynings's major negotiations, and he spent now most of his time at his manor of
Poynings' will is printed in
Marriage and issue
Poynings married, before 1485, Isabel or Elizabeth Scott (d. 15 August 1528), daughter of
Poynings also had seven illegitimate children:[6][7][8][9][10]
- Thomas Poynings, 1st Baron Poynings.
- Edward Poynings, captain of the guard at Boulogne, killed in action there in 1546.
- Boulogne in February 1546, captain of Boulogne in the following June, and served for some years under the Lord High Admiral. He was knighted at the accession of Elizabeth, and in 1561 became governor of Portsmouth, where he died on 15 February 1571. His daughter, Anne, married Sir George More of Loseley, Surrey.
- Jane Poynings, who married firstly Thomas Clinton, Lord Admiral of England, and secondly, as his second wife, Sir Robert Wingfield(d.1539), by whom she had no issue.
- Margaret Poynings, who married Edward Barry of Sevington.
- Mary Poynings, who married Thomas Wilsford.
- Rose Poynings (born 1505), who married a husband surnamed Lewknor.
Notes
Citations
- ^ a b c Ellis 2004.
- ^ . The Statutes at Large, passed in the Parliaments held in Ireland. Vol. 1: 1310–1612. Boulter Grierson. 1765. pp. 41–57.
- ^ Haughey, Charles (15 February 1962). "Short Titles Bill, 1961—Second Stage". Dáil Éireann debates. Oireachtas. pp. Vol.193 c.266. Archived from the original on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 6 November 2013.
Poynings' Act is one of a series of Acts passed by the Parliament convened by Sir Edward Poynings, Lord Deputy, at Drogheda in 1494-5. This Parliament was called to assist the Lord Deputy in his task of reducing Ireland to "whole and perfect obedience". The terms "Poynings' Law" and "Poynings' Act" have been employed ambiguously both by historians and lawyers. Sometimes they are applied to the whole series of statutes passed at that Parliament, sometimes to one of those statutes—Chapter 4 of 10 Henry 7 (Ireland)—which provided that no Irish Parliament was to be held until the proposed legislation had been sent by the Lieutenant and the Irish Council to the English Council and returned under the English great seal; at other times, they are used to indicate the statute Chapter 22 of 10 Henry 7 (Ireland). The latter is the statute to which the present Bill refers and to which the short title "Poynings' Act, 1495", is assigned, putting an end to the ambiguity so far as legal usage [in the Republic of Ireland] is concerned.
- ^ pp. 578–9.
- ^ Isabel Scott (1459-15 August 1528) A Who’s Who of Tudor Women: Sa-Sn, compiled by Kathy Lynn Emerson to update and correct Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth-Century England (1984) Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 19 September 2013.
- ^ Stevens 2004.
- ^ Cokayne 1945, p. 669.
- ^ Robertson 2004.
- ^ Scott 1876, p. 149.
- ^ Rose Whetehill (1472-1521+), A Who’s Who of Tudor Women: W-Wh, compiled by Kathy Lynn Emerson to update and correct Wives and Daughters: The Women of Sixteenth-Century England (1984) Archived 21 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
References
- Cokayne, George Edward (1945). The Complete Peerage, edited by H.A. Doubleday, Geoffrey H. White and Lord Howard de Walden. Vol. X. London: St Catherine Press. pp. 668–9.
- Ellis, Steven G. (2004). "Poynings, Sir Edward". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/22683. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Robertson, Mary L. (2004). "Wingfield, Sir Robert (b. in or before 1464, d. 1539)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/29741. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Scott, James Renat (1876). Memorials of the Family of Scott, of Scot's-Hall, in the County of Kent. London: Simmonds & Botten. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- Stevens, M.A. (2004). "Poynings, Sir Adrian (1512?–1571)". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/65669. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Pollard, Albert Frederick (1896). Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 46. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 271–274. . In
- Hutchinson, John (1892). . Men of Kent and Kentishmen (Subscription ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. p. 112.