Ernye Ákos
Ernye Ákos | |
---|---|
Judge royal | |
Reign | 1267–1270 1274 |
Predecessor | Lawrence, son of Kemény (1st term) Nicholas Gutkeled (2nd term) |
Successor | Nicholas Monoszló (1st term) Denis Péc (2nd term) |
Born | c. 1225 |
Died | after January 1275 |
Noble family | gens Ákos |
Issue | Stephen |
Father | Erdő I |
Ernye from the kindred Ákos (Erne; Hungarian: Ákos nembeli Ernye; died after January 1275) was a Hungarian baron and landowner. He is best known for saving the life of king Béla IV after the disastrous Battle of Mohi in 1241. He participated in various military campaigns in the following decades. He elevated into the group of most powerful barons by the second half of the reign of Béla IV. He retained his influence even after Béla's death.
Family
The name of Ernye (also Erne, Erney or Ernei) derived from the Latin variant Irenaeus.[1] He was born around 1225[1] into the Ernye branch of the gens (clan) Ákos as the son of Erdő I,[2] who resided in Pályi in Bihar County and was only mentioned in his own right in the Regestrum Varadinense in 1220.[1] As Erdő's parentage is unknown, there is an inability to connect Ernye's family to the other branches of the prestigious and extended Ákos clan.[3]
Ernye had two brothers,
Career
Courtly knight
It is presumable that Ernye spent his childhood in the royal court, as a member of the group of so-called "royal youth" (
Ernye was first mentioned by contemporary records and charters in 1241.
After the withdrawal of the Mongols in 1242, Ernye became one of the steadiest and most reliable advocates of Béla IV during the subsequent rebuilding and structural reorganization of the Kingdom of Hungary. He received large amounts of land in Heves and Borsod counties and Erdőkövesd was secured by the Ákos clan during that time. Ernye obtained permission to build and strengthen the Dédes Castle, which became the center of his estates.[2] Despite this, there is no record of him receiving any official positions immediately following the Mongol attack.
Ernye fought in the royal army in a war against Austria in 1246 and participated in the
Powerful baron
Ernye was appointed master of the horse in 1250 and held that office until 1251.
An authentic charter issued in 1261 refers to him as "former
At this time, Béla's relationship with his oldest son and heir, Stephen, became tense, which caused a civil war lasting until 1266. After a brief conflict, Béla IV and his son divided the country and Stephen received the lands to the east of the Danube in 1262. Ernye remained a loyal and dedicated partisan of Béla IV, despite the fact that majority of his possessions laid in the territory of Duke Stephen's realm. As a result, he moved his centre of his domain to Füzitő in Komárom County, abandoning his landholdings in Borsod County.[20] Duke Stephen's local supporter Panyit Miskolc tried to take advantage of the situation and acquired several lands in the county with the permission of Stephen. The rivalry between the two clans lasted until 1281, and less intensively, until the end of the 13th century.[21][22]
Béla IV appointed Ernye as ispán of Nyitra Country in 1263.
Following the release, he served as judge royal from 1267 to 1269 and possibly into 1270 based on information relating to his deputy.[25] Besides that he also functioned as ispán of Vas County.[26] After the death of king Béla IV and Stephen V's accession to the throne in 1270, Ernye did not lose his political influence despite the earlier conflicts with the new king. This lack of reduction in political power is demonstrated by the fact that he was able to participate in a campaign against Ottokar II of Bohemia that same year.[27] He was one of the barons, who led a punitive expedition to the territory of the Duchy of Styria, avenging their incursions to Hungary.[28] Stephen V appointed Ernye as ispán of Varaždin County in 1271 and again in 1272 and he also served as master of the treasury and ispán of Somogy County in 1272.[29] Ernye acted as a testimony during the conclusion of the Peace of Pressburg between Stephen V and Ottokar II in July 1271.[30]
The sudden death of Stephen V and subsequent coronation of the 10-year-old
His landholdings
After a division of estates within the Ákos clan sometimes in the first third of the 13th century, Erdő and his son Ernye owned portions of Pályi, Csalános and Alba in Bihar County and
The number of Ernye's lands rapidly grew in Borsod County, his chosen centre of his activity. Sometimes in the period between 1247 and 1254, he acquired the castle of Dédes. The construction of the fort was originally started by the local castle warriors, but their money ran out. After financial difficulties, they sold the third of the land to the local powerful gens Miskolc. By 1254, Ernye owned the now fully finished castle.[37] File Miskolc, the provost of Zagreb, and his family sold their several lands in Borsod County in the same time, and moved their interests to Valkó County in Slavonia.[36] Following the Mongol invasion, only two castles were erected in Borsod County: Dédes Castle, owned by Ernye and Füzérkő Castle, which was owned by the Bishopric of Eger.[38] In 1254, Béla IV donated him the village of Mályi, which laid near Ernye's castle.[39] Before 1255, he also acquired Köves and Pétervására in Heves County.[40] When he served as ispán of Bács County in 1256, he owned an undetermined estate, which was bordering on Csörög.[36]
In the following years, Ernye was granted Diósgyőr, Felbarca, Héty and Kondó in Borsod County, in addition to Hernádnémeti in Zemplén County and Böszörménytelek (present-day in Hajdúböszörmény) in Szabolcs County. He already owned Diósgyőr sometimes after 1261, which then was mentioned as a "land belongs to Borsod Castle". Several names of locations surrounding Diósgyőr (for instance, Erenyő, Bánfolyás, Kis-Erenyő; present-day all in Miskolc) preserved the owner Ernye Ákos' name or title till nowadays. It is possible Ernye already built a small fort in Diósgyőr, which became a basis of the future castle. Before 1265, Ernye donated the villages of Kazinc, Lubna and Harica to his familiaris, comes Alexander Karászi. Ernye also tried to extend his interests in Varaždin County, where embroiled a conflict with Dietrich II von Marburg, the Bishop of Gurk and his men at the borderland of Slavonia and Styria. They concluded truce upon the mediation of Thomas, ispán of Marócsa, Inus, ispán of Zagreb County and Barleus, ispán of Vrbóc in 1267 with the deadline 5 June, then 6 October.[41][42]
His only son, Stephen Ákos continued his father's policy of land acquisition and established a dominion in the last decades of the 13th century, based on his father's estates, which consisted of around thirty villages surrounding Dédes and Diósgyőr.
References
- ^ a b c Kis 1995, p. 279.
- ^ a b c d e f Markó 2006, p. 268.
- ^ Engel: Genealógia (Genus Ákos 3., Erne branch)
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 282.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 300.
- ^ a b Markó 2006, p. 215.
- ^ a b Kis 1995, p. 281.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 282.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 278.
- ^ a b c Sălăgean 2005, p. 176.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 280.
- ^ Rudolf 2023, pp. 146–147.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 57.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 127, 144, 208, 221.
- ^ Engel 2001, p. 382.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 38.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 292.
- ^ Sălăgean 2005, p. 177.
- ^ Engel 2001, p. 106.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 299.
- ^ Szűcs 2002, p. 159.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 301.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 175.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, pp. 69–70.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 31.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 224.
- ^ Zsoldos 2007, p. 131.
- ^ Rudolf 2023, p. 260.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, pp. 63, 193, 222.
- ^ Rudolf 2023, p. 271.
- ^ Szűcs 2002, p. 391.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 303.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 53.
- ^ Zsoldos 2011, p. 276.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 283.
- ^ a b c Kis 1995, p. 289.
- ^ a b Szűcs 2002, p. 46.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 290.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 284.
- ^ Kis 1995, p. 285.
- ^ Kis 1995, pp. 295–298.
- ^ Rudolf 2023, p. 241.
Sources
- Engel, Pál (2001). The Realm of St Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526. I.B. Tauris Publishers. ISBN 1-86064-061-3.
- Kis, Péter (1995). ""A király hű bárója" (Ákos nembeli Ernye pályafutása) ["The King's Loyal Baron: The Career of Ernye from the Kindred Ákos]". Fons. 2 (3). Szentpétery Imre Történettudományi Alapítvány: 273–316. ISSN 1217-8020.
- Markó, László (2006). A magyar állam főméltóságai Szent Istvántól napjainkig: Életrajzi Lexikon [Great Officers of State in Hungary from King Saint Stephen to Our Days: A Biographical Encyclopedia] (in Hungarian). Helikon Kiadó. ISBN 963-208-970-7.
- Rudolf, Veronika (2023). Közép-Európa a hosszú 13. században [Central Europe in the Long 13th Century] (in Hungarian). Arpadiana XV., Research Centre for the Humanities. ISBN 978-963-416-406-7.
- Sălăgean, Tudor (2005). "Romanian Society in the Early Middle Ages (9th–14th Centuries AD)". In Pop, Ioan-Aurel; Bolovan, Ioan (eds.). History of Romania: Compendium. Romanian Cultural Institute (Center for Transylvanian Studies). pp. 133–207. ISBN 978-973-7784-12-4.
- Szűcs, Jenő (2002). Az utolsó Árpádok [The Last Árpáds] (in Hungarian). Osiris Kiadó. ISBN 963-389-271-6.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2007). Családi ügy: IV. Béla és István ifjabb király viszálya az 1260-as években [A family affair: The Conflict between Béla IV and Junior King Stephen in the 1260s] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-15-4.
- Zsoldos, Attila (2011). Magyarország világi archontológiája, 1000–1301 [Secular Archontology of Hungary, 1000–1301] (in Hungarian). História, MTA Történettudományi Intézete. ISBN 978-963-9627-38-3.