Elżbieta Sieniawska
Elżbieta Sieniawska | |
---|---|
Lubomirski family | |
Spouse(s) | Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski |
Issue | Maria Zofia Czartoryska |
Father | Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski |
Mother | Zofia Opalińska |
Elżbieta Helena Sieniawska, née Lubomirska (Końskowola, 1669 – 21 March 1729, Oleszyce), was a Polish noblewoman, Grand Hetmaness of the Crown (hetmanowa wielka koronna),[1] and a renowned patron of the arts.
An influential woman
She was considered the most powerful woman in the Commonwealth and was called "the uncrowned Queen of Poland".[2]
Biography
Early life
Elżbieta was the only child of Prince Stanisław Herakliusz Lubomirski by his first wife Countess Zofia
Stateswoman
The hetmaness was "a lady of great wisdom, reason and shrewdness" and she was deployed by her husband on diplomatic missions, duties and obligations that he could not cope with.
In 1706, after Augustus II's abdication, she engaged in the negotiations to reach an agreement between the tsar
Since 1709, she fostered Konstanty's candidature to the throne (he visited her together with Stanisław Leszczyńksi in Lviv in Spring 1709), and though she was against the Wettin restoration, she could accommodate to Augustus II being already in possession of the Polish crown.[14] To the baptism of her only daughter in 1711 in Jarosław she invited the powerful of the age. Among the godparents were Tsar Peter I, King Augustus II and prince Rákóczi, accompanied by about 15000 soldiers.[22] The tsar Peter I was attracted by her unusual intelligence and it is believed that she became his mistress.[23][24] During his stay in Jaworów in May 1711, according to the French ambassador Sieur Baluze, they talked endlessly and built a boat together.[25]
Later life
In the following years, the hetmaness retired from politics, and concentrated on administration of her vast estates and their economic development. In one of her letters of 17 July 1726 Sieniawska reprimanded an accountant in the
She also focused on constructional foundations. In 1720, she established the new
Patronage
Through her extensive contacts from
In 1713, the king Augustus II purchased the Morsztyn Palace and neighbouring allotments and started the construction of a new palace – so called Saxon Palace. Modelled after Versailles, it was the largest building in Warsaw, apart from the Sobieski's Marywil. It was a time of late baroque and rococo, when theatrum mundi, with its theatrical decorations played an essential role, not only in founder's glorification but also in politics to confirm the status. That is why the facade of the new palace was considered as rather poor[38] (all the major funds were intended to embellished the prince-elector's capital in Dresden, Germany). Sieniawska, who competed with the king in architectural foundations,[39] choose an old Royal edifice – the Visitationist Church established by Queen Marie Louise Gonzaga, as her major propaganda investment in the capital.[40] Probably the most important was its location at the Cracow Suburb Street, in front of the main entrance to the new royal residence, so everyone who visited the king must pass before the ornate Sieniawska's magnum opus.[39][40] She appointed her court architect Karol Bay to design a new rococo facade profusely embellished with columns and sculptures.[39]
The conservation and enlargement of the former residence of Victorious King, John III Sobieski, is considered as her most significant achievement in the field of architecture. She embellished the palace facades and garden
In 1729, she erected the mausoleum in Berezhany to commemorate her husband, the last male line descendant of the Sieniawski family, but she did not complete the interior.[35] Elżbieta Sieniawska died the same year in Oleszyce.[14]
Ancestors
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See also
- Marina Mniszech
- Urszula Mayerin
- Izabela Czartoryska
References
Notes
- ^ Mencel 1974, p. 37
- ^ Muszyńska-Hoffmannowa 1976, p. 326
- ^ Fijałkowski 1983, p. 113
- ^ Popiołek 1996, p. 15
- ^ Fijałkowski 1983, p. 111
- ^ a b c Bogucka 2004, p. 167
- ^ Muszyńska-Hoffmannowa 1976, p. 94
- ^ Wernichowska 1988, p. 93
- ^ Popiołek 1996, p. 30
- ^ Kuchowicz 1989, p. 7
- ^ a b Rostworowski 1986, p. 80
- ^ a b c Gajewski 2004, p. 7
- ^ Karpowicz 1986, p. 169
- ^ a b c d e f g Link-Lenczowski 1997, pp. 90–96
- ^ Felczak 1979, p. 36,90
- ^ Felczak 1979, p. 38
- ^ Poraziński 2000, pp. 481–496
- ^ a b Kamiński 1969, p. 112
- ^ a b c d e f g Kopyś 2004, pp. 46–48
- ^ Kopyś 2004, p. 52
- ^ Rosman 1990, p. 26
- ^ Sieradzki 2006, p. 102
- ^ Waliczewski 2009, p. 254
- ^ Moskalenko 1996, p. 202
- ^ Waliczewski 2009, p. 110
- ^ Bąkowski-Kois 2005, p. 20
- ^ Freeze 2005, p. 54
- ^ Zarębski 1992, p. 43
- ^ a b Fijałkowski 1983, p. 115
- ^ Fijałkowski 1983, p. 19,111
- ^ Sieradzki 2006, p. 106
- ^ Polski Słownik Biograficzny. "Czartoryska z Sieniawskich Maria Zofia". www.wilanow-palac.art.pl. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Swatano jej księcia Charolais, infanta portugalskiego, a w Rzeczypospolitej stanęli do konkurencji o jej rękę Jan Klemens Branicki, Franciszek Salezy Potocki, znów Tarło, oraz August Czartoryski. Rywalizacja była zacięta, strzelano się, ośmieszano rywali. Już po śmierci władczej matki (zm. 1729) młoda wdowa zdecydował się poślubić Augusta Czartoryskiego. Ten konkurent miał poparcie króla Augusta II, który obawiał się połączenia wielkiej fortuny Sieniawskich z kimś potężnym, a nastawionym wobec Sasów opozycyjnie.
- ^ Bohdziewicz 1964, p. 311
- ^ Fijałkowski 1983, pp. 111–115
- ^ a b State Institute of Art 2006, p. 190
- ^ Kieniewicz 1984, p. 539
- ^ Carroll 1907, p. 400
- ^ Karpowicz 1986, p. 143
- ^ a b c Kieniewicz 1984, p. 481
- ^ a b Chrościcki 1973, p. 38
- ^ "Elżbieta Sieniawska". www.wilanow-palac.pl. Retrieved 20 July 2013.
Fresco with Flora displaying the facial features of Elżbieta Sieniawska, painter: Giuseppe Rossi, 1720s.
[permanent dead link]
Bibliography
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- Bogucka, Maria (2004), Women in early modern Polish society, against the European background, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd, ISBN 0-7546-3241-5.
- Bohdziewicz, Piotr (1964), Korespondencja artystyczna Elżbiety Sieniawskiej z lat 1700–1729 w zbiorach Czartoryskich w Krakowie (Artistic correspondence of Elżbieta Sieniawska between 1700–1729 in the Czartoryski Collection in Kraków) (in Polish), Towarzystwo Naukowe Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego.
- Carroll, Mitchell (collective work) (1907), Woman: in all ages and in all countries, Volume 3, G. Barrie & Sons.
- Chrościcki, Juliusz A. (1973), Kościół Wizytek (Visitationist Church) (in Polish), Polish Scientific Publishers PWN.
- (in English and Polish) Felczak, Wacław; Fischinger, Andrzej (1979), Polska-Węgry, tysiąc lat przyjaźni (Poland-Hungary, a thousand years of friendship), National Publishing Agency KAW, Corvina Press, ISBN 963-13-3018-4).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Fijałkowski, Wojciech (1983), Wilanów. Rezydencja Króla Zwycięzcy (Wilanów. The residence of the Victorious King) (in Polish), Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza.
- Freeze, ChaeRan Y.; Hyman, Paula; Polonsky, Antony (2005), Jewish women in Eastern Europe, Littman Library of Jewish Civilization, ISBN 1-874774-93-5).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Gajewski, Jacek (2004), Portret w Polsce doby unii polsko-saskiej (Portrait in Poland during the Polish-Saxon Union) (in Polish), Technical University of Radom, Rocznik Katedry Sztuki 04-05-18.
- Kamiński, Andrzej (1969), Konfederacja sandomierska wobec Rosji w okresie poaltransztadzkim, 1706–1709 (Sandomierz Confederation towards Russia in the post-Altranstädter period, 1706–1709) (in Polish), National Ossolinski Institute.
- Karpowicz, Mariusz; Chrościcki, Juliusz (1986), Sztuka Warszawy (The Art of Warsaw) (in Polish), Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, ISBN 83-01-04060-2).
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Kieniewicz, Stefan (1984), Warszawa w latach 1526–1795 (Warsaw in 1526–1795) (in Polish), Warsaw: Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, ISBN 83-01-03323-1.
- Kopyś, Tadeusz (2004), Rzeczpospolita Polska w okresie powstania Ferenca Rákócziego 1703–1711 (Polish Republic during the Ferenc Rákóczi Uprising 1703–1711) (in Polish), Studia Caroliensia No. 3-4.
- Kuchowicz, Zbigniew (1989), Żywoty niepospolitych kobiet polskiego baroku (Lives of uncommon women of the Polish Baroque) (in Polish), Wydawnictwo Towarzystwa Krzewienia Lultury Świeckiej, ISBN 83-85030-27-1.
- Link-Lenczowski, Andrzej; Popiołek, Bożena (1997), Sieniawska Elżbieta Helena (1669–1729) (in Polish), Polish Biographical Dictionary, Volume XXXVII (37)
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). - Mencel, Tadeusz (1974), Dzieje Lubelszczyzny: praca zbiorowa, Tom 6, Część 3 (History of Lublin Region: collective work, Volume 6, Part 3) (in Polish), Polish Scientific Publishers PWN, ISBN 83-85491-10-4.
- Moskalenko, Sergey; Waliczewski, Kazimierz (1996), Собрание сочинений в пяти томах: Петр Великий (Everyday Life in 3 Volumes: Peter the Great) (in Russian), "Vek" Publishing House
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). - Muszyńska-Hoffmannowa, Hanna (1976), Panie na Wilanowie (Ladies on Wilanów) (in Polish), Instytut Wydawniczy Pax.
- Popiołek, Bożena (1996), Królowa bez korony (A queen without a crown) (in Polish), Academic Publishing House of the ISBN 83-86841-13-3.
- Poraziński, Jarosław (2000), Sobieski Aleksander Benedykt Stanisław (1677–1714) (in Polish), Polish Biographical Dictionary, Volume XXXIX/4 (39/4).
- Rosman, Murray Jay (1990), The lords' Jews: magnate-Jewish relations in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth during the eighteenth century, Harvard University Press for the Center for Jewish Studies, Harvard University and the Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute, ISBN 0-916458-18-0.
- Rostworowski, Marek (1986), Polaków portret własny: praca zbiorowa (Self-portrait of the Poles: collective work) (in Polish), Arkady, ISBN 83-213-3155-6.
- Sieradzki, Paweł (2006), Obecność rodziny książąt Czartoryskich na ziemi jarosławskiej (The presence of the Czartoryski dukes in the land of Jarosław) (in Polish), Teka Komisji Historycznej OL PAN (99–123).
- State Institute of Art, Warsaw University of Technology (2006), Biuletyn historii sztuki, Tom 68 (Art History Bulletin, Volume 68) (in Polish).
- Waliczewski, Kazimierz (2009), Peter the Great, BiblioBazaar, LLC, ISBN 978-1-113-21227-6.
- Wernichowska, Bogna; Kozłowski, Maciej (1988), Almanach piękności (Almanac of beauty) (in Polish), National Publishing Agency KAW
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: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link). - Zarębski, Maciej (1992), Życie i zagłada Żydów staszowskich (Life and extermination of the Staszów Jews), Staszowskie Towarzystwo Kulturalne.
External links
- (in Polish) Agnieszka Słaby: Rządzicha oleszycka. Dwór Elżbiety z Lubomirskich Sieniawskiej jako przykład patronatu kobiecego w czasach saskich. Kraków 2014.
- (in Polish) Biography Archived 2010-04-19 at the Wayback Machine
- (in Polish) Lubomirski family
- (in Polish) The Learned Ladies
- (in Polish) A woman who saved the palace