Etsusaburo Shiina (椎名 悦三郎, Shiina Etsusaburō, 16 January 1898 – 30 September 1979) was a career bureaucrat and politician. As
Republic of Korea
.
Biography
Early career
Shiina was born in
Tokyo Imperial University
and he also changed his name from Gotō to Shiina.
Shiina graduating from
Nagoya Port and Dalian. In 1929, he returned to the Industrial Affairs Division of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry. He was sent to Europe in August 1932 to observe the measures and industrial policies of the European countries during the Great Depression
and returned home in May 1933.
Career in Manchukuo
At the request of Nobusuke Kishi, Shiina was one of the first officials of the Japanese Ministry of Commerce and Industry to join the new Manchukuo administration.[1] He arrived in
hydroelectric power plants on the Songhua River and Yalu River was planned. The results of this survey were also used for a five-year industrial development plan. In addition, Shiina established the Critical Industry Control Law which aimed for a state-controlled economy centered on a national monopoly system for each industry. In July 1937, Shiina assumed the position of Director of Mining and Industry. However, in 1939, Shiina asked to resign his posts and to return to Japan. Kishi, together with Yoshisuke Aikawa, offered him an executive role in the Manchurian Industrial Development Company
, but Shiina refused and returned to Japan in April 1940.
Wartime career
After returning to Japan in April 1939, Shiina joined the Temporary Material Coordination Bureau of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, where he was charge of controlling and procuring supplies according to national policy based on the
National Mobilization Law. He was the director of the department responsible for chemical products. The Ministry of Commerce and Industry set up a mining department, a steel department, a chemical department, a machinery department, a textile department and a fuel department in accordance with the wartime requirements. In June of the same year, Shiina was promoted to General Manager of the General Affairs Bureau, which managed all of these departments. In October of the same year, Kishi returned to the Ministry of Commerce and Industry as undersecretary and with the support of the Japanese military, Shiina was promoted to director of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
.
In July 1940, the second
Tojo Hideki
Cabinet was established, Kishi returned as Minister of Commerce and Industry with Shiina as the undersecretary under Kishi.
With the start of the
American occupation
authorities, but was not arrested. He was, however, purged from public office in November 1947.
As company president
Shiina was appointed as president of Tohoku Shinko Textile Industry Co., Ltd., headquartered in Morioka in November 1947. The company changed its name to Tohoku Woven Co., Ltd. in March of the following year. Shiina acquired Daito Boshoku's Kanamachi factory in Tokyo and purchased new equipment. However he was unable to secure loans from the Reconstruction Finance Bank due to implementation of an inflation control policies in 1949. Although he struggled to obtain funds from other sources, due to the company's low technical level, it could not meet up with the special demands created due to the Korean War, and in May 1952 declared bankruptcy. Shiina resigned as president in July of the same year, and Tohoku Woven was later absorbed by Kureha Spinning. Immediately after resigning, Shiina had a breakdown and was hospitalized.
Political career
In 1951 Shiina ran for a seat in the
Eisaku Sato, for official recognition from the Liberal Party, but Sato refused, and introduced him to the party's election measures chief Shigeki Ozawa, the father of Ichirō Ozawa
, who also refused to certify Shiina. Despite these setbacks, Shiina ran anyway, but the results were disastrous, and he was later investigated by the police on suspicion of election violations.
At the invitation of Kishi, who had become secretary general of the
Ichiro Hatoyama cabinet, Shiina became the Vice Chairman of the Democratic Party of Japan's political affairs, and was a member of the Transportation Committee. In November of the same year, the Democratic Party and the Liberal Party joined to form the Liberal Democratic Party
(LDP).
In February 1957, the Kishi became Prime Minister and Shiina is appointed as the party's accounting bureau chief, even though he had only won one election. Under Shiina, political contributions from the business world to the LDP expanded fivefold. In
Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security Between the United States and Japan
as the first Japanese foreign minister to visit after World War II and negotiated a five-year trade agreement and a civil aviation agreement as well.
In December 1966, Shiina was madeLDP general affairs chairman. After serving for less than a year, he was appointed Minister of International Trade and Industry again under the second Sato administration in November 1967. In July 1972 the post of Sato's successor was contested between Kakuei Tanaka and Takeo Fukuda. Shiina led a faction in favor of Tanaka, and Tanaka became president. In August 1973, Shiina was rewarded by becoming Vice President of the LDP.
When Tanaka decided to normalize diplomatic relations between Japan and the
Kim Dae Jung
from Japan, and in September, Tanaka requested Shiina to meet with President Park to calm the issue.
Following LDP losses in the
Lockheed Scandal
as cover to seek the resignations of Tanaka, Fukuda, Ohira and Miki from politics. Miki refused, and failure of his attempted coup drastically reduced Shiina's political influence. With the inauguration of the Fukuda administration, Shiina announced his retirement.
He died at Keio Hospital, where he was hospitalized on 30 September, at the age of 81 and was buried in the Shunjuen Cemetery in Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan.
^
Agony of Choice: Matsuoka Yōsuke and the Rise and Fall of the Japanese Empire, 1880-1946; By David John Lu; Page 123; Published by Lexington Books, 2002;
West Germany: Grand Crosses with Star and Sash of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (1960)
Spain: Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic (23 February 1965)[3]
