FN 5.7×28mm
FN 5.7×28mm | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Type | Pistol, personal defense weapon | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Place of origin | Belgium | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Service history | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
In service | 1990–present | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Used by | 40+ nations; see: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Wars | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Production history | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Designer | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Designed | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturer | FN Herstal | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Produced | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Variants | See Varieties | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Specifications | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Case type | Rebated, bottleneck | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bullet diameter | 5.70 mm (0.224 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Land diameter | 5.53 mm (0.218 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Neck diameter | 6.38 mm (0.251 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Shoulder diameter | 7.95 mm (0.313 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Base diameter | 7.95 mm (0.313 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rim diameter | 7.80 mm (0.307 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rim thickness | 1.14 mm (0.045 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Case length | 28.90 mm (1.138 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Overall length | 40.50 mm (1.594 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Case capacity | 0.90 cm3 (13.9 gr H2O) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Rifling twist | 228.6 mm (9.00 in) 9 in) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Primer type | Boxer Small Rifle | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Maximum pressure | 345.00 MPa (50,038 psi) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Ballistic performance | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Test barrel length: 263 mm (10.4 in) for bullets 1-3, 406 mm (16.0 in) for bullets 4-5. Source(s): [7][8] |
The FN 5.7×28mm (designated as the 5.7×28 by the
The 5.7×28mm was developed in conjunction with the FN P90 PDW and later the FN Five-seven pistol in response to NATO requests as a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge.[11][12] In 2002 and 2003, NATO conducted a series of tests with the intention of standardizing a PDW cartridge as a replacement for the 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge.[12] The tests compared the relative merits of the 5.7×28mm cartridge and the 4.6×30mm cartridge, which was created by Heckler & Koch as a competitor to the 5.7×28mm.[12] The NATO group subsequently recommended the 5.7×28mm cartridge, citing superior performance in testing, but the German delegation objected and the standardization process was halted[12] until 2021 when it was officially adopted as a NATO standard STANAG 4509.[13]
By 2006, FN's 5.7×28mm firearms—the P90 PDW and Five-seven pistol—were in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations throughout the world.
In addition to being used in the
The 5.7×28mm cartridge itself is produced in a number of varieties, two of which—the SS195LF and SS197SR—are currently offered by FN to civilian shooters.[17]
History
Development
The 5.7×28mm cartridge was designed in response to
The original 5.7×28mm cartridge, called the SS90, was introduced in 1990.
When fired from the
The 5.7×28mm SS90 cartridge was discontinued, and replaced, in 1993, with the 5.7×28mm SS190.
In 1993, FN introduced a modified version of the P90 with a magazine adapted to use the SS190 cartridge.[6] Several specialized 5.7×28mm varieties were also developed alongside the SS190, such as the L191 tracer round and the subsonic SB193 bullet for sound-suppressed use.[17] The 5.7×28mm chambered FN Five-seven pistol then went into production in 1998.[31]
NATO evaluation
In 2002 and 2003, NATO conducted a series of tests with the intention of standardizing a
Among other points, the NATO group cited superior effectiveness (27 percent greater) for the 5.7×28mm against unprotected targets and equal effectiveness against protected targets.
However, the German delegation and others rejected the NATO recommendation that 5.7×28mm be standardized, halting the standardization process indefinitely.[12][27] As a result, both the 4.6×30mm and 5.7×28mm cartridges (and the associated weapons) have been independently adopted by various NATO countries, according to preference; both the P90 and Five-seven are currently in service with military and police forces in over 40 nations throughout the world.[12]
Present
In 2004, the SS192 hollow-point cartridge was introduced to civilian shooters alongside the new IOM variant of the Five-seven pistol.[32] After being met with controversy regarding its alleged armour-piercing abilities, the SS192 variety was discontinued in the same year, and in 2005 the SS196SR variety was introduced using a 2.6 g (40 grain) Hornady V-Max projectile.[33][34] The SS196 was also quickly discontinued in favor of the newer SS195LF and SS197SR varieties, which are currently offered to civilian shooters for use in 5.7×28mm firearms, followed by the SS198LF variety, which is currently produced but is restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers.[17]
FN's 5.7×28mm ammunition types were briefly manufactured by
On February 25, 2021, FN Herstal announced that 5.7×28mm caliber was recently recognized as a NATO caliber with the NATO
Design details
The 5.7×28mm cartridge was designed by
The 5.7×28mm cartridge weighs 6.0 grams (93 grains)—roughly two-thirds as much as a typical 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge—making extra ammunition less burdensome, or allowing more ammunition to be carried for the same weight.[41][42][43] Since the 5.7×28mm cartridge also has a relatively small diameter, a relatively high number of cartridges can be contained in a magazine.[44] The cartridge has a loud report and produces considerable muzzle flash (when fired from a pistol),[45] but it has roughly 30 percent less recoil than the 9×19mm cartridge, improving controllability.[30][43][46] Due to its high velocity, the 5.7×28mm also exhibits an exceptionally flat trajectory.[43][47]
One of the design intents of the SS190 variety of this cartridge was that it have the ability to penetrate
According to FN, the 5.7×28mm cartridge has an effective range of 200 m (220 yd) and a maximum range of 1,800 m (2,000 yd) when fired from the P90,
The 5.7×28mm projectile potentially poses less risk of collateral damage than conventional pistol bullets, because the projectile design limits overpenetration, as well as risk of ricochet.[48][50][51] The lightweight projectile also poses less risk of collateral damage in the event of a miss, because it loses much of its kinetic energy after traveling only 400 m (440 yd), whereas a conventional pistol bullet such as the 9×19mm retains significant energy beyond 800 m (870 yd).[47] This range exceeds the engagement distances expected for the 5.7×28mm cartridge's intended applications, so the cartridge's limited energy at long range is not conversely considered to be disadvantageous.[47]
Since the 5.7×28mm SS190 projectile does not rely on fragmentation or the expansion of a hollow-point bullet, the cartridge (and 5.7×28mm firearms) are considered suitable for military use under the
FN's 5.7×28mm cartridge cases are covered with a special polymer coating for easier extraction with the PS90 carbine due to the high chamber pressures and lack of case tapering.[42] In addition, this coating ensures proper feeding and function in the magazines.[42]
Cartridge dimensions
The 5.7×28mm has a cartridge case capacity of 0.90
Americans define the shoulder angle at alpha/2 ≈ 35 degrees. The common
According to the official
Specifications
Name | SS190 | L191 | SS192 | SB193 | T194 | SS195LF | SS196SR | SS197SR | SS198LF | AE5728A | T6B | S4M |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Projectile mass | 2.0 g (31 gr) | 2.0 g (31 gr) | 1.8 g (28 gr) | 3.6 g (56 gr) | 1.8 g (28 gr) | 1.7 g (27 gr) | 2.6 g (40 gr) | 2.6 g (40 gr) | 1.8 g (28 gr) | 2.6 g (40 gr) | 1.8 g (28 gr) | 1.8 g (28 gr) |
Muzzle velocity (P90) | 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s) | 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s) | 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s) | 305 m/s (1,000 ft/s) | 716 m/s (2,350 ft/s) | 777.2 m/s (2,550 ft/s) | 549 m/s (1,800 ft/s) | 594 m/s (1,950 ft/s) | 792 m/s (2,600 ft/s) | 583.6 m/s (1,915 ft/s) | 930.6 m/s (3,053 ft/s) | 930.6 m/s (3,053 ft/s) |
Muzzle energy (P90) | 534 J (394 ft⋅lb) | 534 J (394 ft⋅lb) | 467 J (344 ft⋅lb) | 163 J (120 ft⋅lb) | 467 J (344 ft⋅lb) | 528 J (389 ft⋅lb) | 393 J (290 ft⋅lb) | 461 J (340 ft⋅lb) | 482 J (356 ft⋅lb) | 441 J (325 ft⋅lb) | 788 J (581 ft lb) | 788 J (581 ft⋅lb) |
Projectile type | AP "
|
FMJ tracer | JHP | FMJBT | JHP | JHP | V-Max | V-Max | JHP | TMJ | Turned Exotic Solid Copper | JHP |
Effective range | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 50 m (160 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 150 m (490 ft) | 150 m (490 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) | 200 m (660 ft) |
Color code | Plain, black or white/black | Red or red/black | Plain JHP | White | Green | Plain JHP | Red V-Max | Blue V-Max | Green | Plain TMJ | Anodized Black | Plain JHP |
Availability | Restricted by FN | Restricted by FN | Commercial (discontinued) | Restricted by FN | Restricted by FN (discontinued) | Commercial | Commercial (discontinued) | Commercial | Restricted by FN | Commercial | Commercial | Commercial |
Fired from the longer 40.74 cm (16.04 in) barrel of the PS90, the muzzle velocity of SS195LF is roughly 60 m/s (200 ft/s) faster, and the muzzle velocity of SS197SR is roughly 45 m/s (150 ft/s) faster.[52] Fired from the shorter 12.2 cm (4.8 in) barrel of the Five-seven pistol, the muzzle velocity of SS195LF is roughly 90 m/s (300 ft/s) slower, and the muzzle velocity of SS197SR is roughly 60 m/s (200 ft/s) slower.[52][53][54]
Cartridge types
- SS90 prototype
- The SS90 was an early prototype round used only in the earliest examples of the P90. It used a lightweight 1.5-g (23 grain) ft/s). The SS90 was abandoned in 1994 in favor of the heavier and shorter 2.7 mm (0.11 in) SS190 projectile.[25]
- SS190 duty
- The SS190 FMJ, a refinement of the SS90, was introduced in 1993.
- In testing done by yd) exhibited an average penetration depth of 25 cm (9.8 in) in ballistic gelatin after passing through a Level II Kevlar vest.[50]
- L191 tracer
- The L191 (also formerly called the SS191)[57] is a tracer cartridge designed for easier bullet spotting in dim light.[17] Combustible chemicals packed in the rear of the L191 projectile create a light trail visible up to 200 m (220 yd).[56] The L191 has been manufactured with red and red-on-black tips.[17][55] The performance and trajectory of the L191 is identical to the SS190.[41][43] For this reason, it is also classified by the ATF as armor-piercing handgun ammunition, and its sale is currently restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers.[17][33]
- SS192 hollow-point
- The SS192 was discontinued in late 2004.[57] It used a 1.8 g (28 grain) hollow point bullet with a copper jacket and an aluminum core.[32] The projectile had a length of 21.6 mm (0.85 in).[32] It had an unmarked hollow nose with a depth of 7.6 mm (0.30 in) and a 0.8 mm (0.031 in) opening.[32] The SS192 was classified by the ATF as not armor-piercing, and in testing by FNH USA it did not penetrate a Level IIIA vest when fired from the Five-seven.[33]
- SB193 subsonic
- The SB193 (also formerly called the SS193)[57] is a subsonic cartridge featuring a 3.6-g (55 grain) Sierra Game King FMJBT (FMJ boat tail) projectile. The SB193's sub-sonic speed eliminates the distinctive "crack" created by supersonic rounds. The muzzle report is also reduced when using the sub-sonic ammunition together with a suppressor. Due to the greatly decreased muzzle velocity, the SB193 benefits from a slightly reduced recoil force of 1.3 kgm/s.[58] The SB193 can be identified by its white tip color.[17] Its sale is currently restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers.[17]
- T194 training
- The T194 training round was discontinued in 2002. It could be considered an early version of the SS192 or SS195. It used the same 1.8-g (28 grain) copper-jacketed aluminum core bullet, propelled at the same muzzle velocity.[41] It had a green tip.[41]
- SS195LF (lead free)
- The SS195LF is a commercially available cartridge that features a lead-free primer and produces ballistics similar to the SS192 round, which it replaced in late 2004.[57] It uses the same 1.8-g (28 grain) copper-jacketed aluminum core bullet as the SS192, and it can be identified by the unmarked, hollow void at the tip and the silver-colored primer.[17] The SS195 is classified by the ATF as not armor-piercing, and it is currently manufactured by FN Herstal in Belgium.[10][33]
- SS196SR (sporting round)
- The SS196SR was introduced in 2005 and it is now discontinued in favor of the SS197SR cartridge.[34] It featured a lead core 2.6-g (40 grain) Hornady V-Max bullet which it propelled at a muzzle velocity of roughly 500 m/s (1,600 ft/s) when fired from the Five-seven.[34] The polycarbonate tip used in the V-Max bullet acted as a wedge, enhancing expansion of the bullet. The SS196 was classified by the ATF as not armor-piercing, and in testing by FNH USA it did not penetrate a Level II vest when fired from the Five-seven.[33] The SS196 could be identified by its red polymer tip.[57]
- SS197SR (sporting round)
- The SS197SR is currently offered to civilian shooters in addition to the SS195LF.Federal Cartridge Company.[17]
- SS198LF (lead free)
- The SS198LF uses the same lead-free projectile and primer as the SS195LF,[55] but propels it at roughly a 30 m/s (98 ft/s) higher muzzle velocity. It’s manufactured in Belgium. It has a green painted tip, and its sale is currently restricted by FN to military and law enforcement customers,[17] but is widely available through retailers to civilian customers.[citation needed]
- American Eagle (AE5728A) TMJ
- Since 2012, Federal Cartridge Company markets a loading produced by Fiocchi using a 5.7×28mm round under their American Eagle brand.[20] Designated the AE5728A, this cartridge uses a 40-grain total metal jacket (TMJ) projectile, that is atypical in that it does not use a copper-plated bullet; sectioned pictures show a very thick full copper jacket. The AE5728A casings are of FN manufacture, and the muzzle velocity is slightly lower than that of the SS197SR.[61]
- Non-FN ammunition
- Elite Ammunition manufactures a wide variety of loaded 5.7×28mm ammunition offerings, including the "T6B" and "S4M" cartridges.[62] Belgian ammunition manufacturer VBR-Belgium has also developed specialized 5.7×28mm projectiles designed for armor penetration and controlled fragmentation.[63]
- Handloading
- Handloading is possible with 5.7×28mm ammunition, and 5.7 mm (0.22 in) bullets are widely available due to use in .223 Remington and 5.56×45mm NATO cartridges.[10] Handloaders have noted that the 5.7×28mm cartridge is very sensitive to small changes in powder charge or overall length (OAL) with a bullet inserted.[45] Bullets weighing 2.6 g (40 grains) or less are recommended for optimal use in 5.7×28mm applications,[45] but the 228.6 mm (1:9 in) rifling twist rate (distance the bullet must travel to complete one full revolution) used in the firearms' barrels will stabilize bullets weighing up to 4.5 g (70 grains).[10]
Platforms
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- ^ "Savage Bolt-Action Rifle in 5.7x28mm FN | Armory Blog". 2012-02-04. Archived from the original on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
External links
- Official website
- Elite Ammunition
- FiveSevenForum [1]
- FNH 5.7×28mm Dynamic Duo – Tactical Life
- Military Ammo Today – G&A Handguns
- 5.7×28mm Tests in Ballistic Gelatin – Brassfetcher
- Video
- Official P90 promotional video on YouTube
- American Rifleman FN 5.7×28mm weapons video on YouTube
- Elite Ammunition 5.7×28mm High Speed Video Test in Ballistic Gelatin Archived 2012-03-20 at the Wayback Machine – Brassfetcher
- FN 5.7x28mm brass cartridges used as bullets