Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry
Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is
FSCV in combination with
Principles of FSCV
In fast-scan cyclic
Advantages such as chemical specificity, high resolution, and noninvasive probes make FSCV a powerful technique for detecting changing chemical concentrations in vivo.
Acceptable voltage and current ranges are common limitations of FSCV. To start, the electric potential must stay within the voltage range of the electrolysis of water (Eo = ± 1.23). Additionally, the resulting current must remain low in order to avoid cell lysis as well as cell depolarization.[4] Fast scan cyclic voltammetry is also limited in that it only makes differential measurements; the currents it measures are only relative to the background, so they cannot be used to quantify resting concentrations. This is partially due to the fact that the basal current levels are largely affected by factors such as pH, so over longer periods of time these values tend to drift. The age of the electrode is also important, and probes tend to be less accurate the longer they are used.
This technique is also limited to quantifying the concentrations of electrically active compounds, and can only be used with select molecules in biological systems. In spite of this, there have been methods developed to measure levels of non-electric enzymes that have an electroactive substrate.[4] However, in this scenario, the electrode probes are also a limiting factor in the data resolution. When measuring an electroactive substrate, the probe is often coated with its corresponding enzyme. In order to avoid the enzyme interacting with different substrates, the electrode is also coated with a polymer that acts as a selective filter against particular types of ions. However, when this polymer is added it lowers the speed at which the voltage scans can be made and effectively lowers the data resolution.
Applications
Measurement of dopamine in vivo
FSCV is used to monitor changes in concentration of dopamine in mammalian brain in real time with sensitivity down to 1 nM.
The effects of
neurotransmission and development of drug addiction was studied with FSCV.Dopamine is a primary neurotransmitter mediating learning, goal-directing behavior and decision making. Monitoring of dopamine concentration in vivo in behaving animals with FSCV reveals dopamine coding of the brain's decision making process.[7][8]
Measurement of other monoamine neurotransmitters
FSCV is used to study dynamics of
References
- ISBN 978-3-527-30250-5.
- ^ S2CID 2959053.
- ^ PMID 14500617.
- ^ PMID 25526380.
- ^ .
- PMID 14500617.
- ^
Glimcher, P. W.; Camerer, C. F.; Fehr, E.; et al., eds. (2008). Neuroeconomics: Decision Making and the Brain. ISBN 978-0123741769.
- PMID 19904261.
Further reading
- Bard, A. J.; Faulkner, L. R. (2000). Electrochemical Methods: Fundamentals and Applications (2nd ed.). ISBN 0-471-04372-9.
- Michael, A. C.; Borland, L. M., eds. (2007). Electrochemical methods for neuroscience. ISBN 978-0-8493-4075-8.