GRID2
Glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2, also known as GluD2, GluRδ2, or δ2, is a
delta iGluRs have long been considered
Function
GluD2-containing receptors are selectively/predominantly expressed in Purkinje cells in the cerebellum[7][10] where they play a key role in synaptogenesis, synaptic plasticity, and motor coordination.[11]
GluD2 induces synaptogenesis through interaction of its N-terminal domain with Cbln1, which in turn interacts with presynaptic
The main functions of GluD2 in synaptic plasticity are carried out by its intracellular C-terminus.
Pathology
A heterozygous deletion in GRID2 in humans causes a complicated spastic paraplegia with ataxia, frontotemporal dementia, and lower motor neuron involvement[16] whereas a homozygous biallelic deletion leads to a syndrome of cerebellar ataxia with marked developmental delay, pyramidal tract involvement[17] and tonic upgaze,[18] that can be classified as an ataxia with oculomotor apraxia (AOA) and has been named spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive type 18 (SCAR18).
A gain of channel function, resulting from a point mutation in mouse GRID2, is associated with the phenotype named 'lurcher', which in the heterozygous state leads to ataxia and motor coordination deficits resulting from selective, cell-autonomous apoptosis of cerebellar Purkinje cells during postnatal development.
Ligands
9-Aminoacridine, 9-tetrahydroaminoacridine, N1-dansyl-spermine, N1-dansyl-spermidine, and pentamidine have been shown to act as antagonists of δ2-containing receptors.[21]
Interactions
GRID2 has been shown to
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000152208 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000071424 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Entrez Gene: GRID2 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, delta 2".
- PMID 9465309.
- ^ S2CID 43024586.
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- ^ PMID 19176800.
- PMID 7506541.
- ^ PMID 22840919.
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- S2CID 83540259.
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- .
Further reading
- Araki K, Meguro H, Kushiya E, Takayama C, Inoue Y, Mishina M (Dec 1993). "Selective expression of the glutamate receptor channel delta 2 subunit in cerebellar Purkinje cells". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 197 (3): 1267–76. PMID 7506541.
- Hu W, Zuo J, De Jager PL, Heintz N (Jan 1998). "The human glutamate receptor delta 2 gene (GRID2) maps to chromosome 4q22". Genomics. 47 (1): 143–5. PMID 9465309.
- Sanger Centre, The; Washington University Genome Sequencing Cente, The (Nov 1998). "Toward a complete human genome sequence". Genome Research. 8 (11): 1097–108. PMID 9847074.
- Roche KW, Ly CD, Petralia RS, Wang YX, McGee AW, Bredt DS, Wenthold RJ (May 1999). "Postsynaptic density-93 interacts with the delta2 glutamate receptor subunit at parallel fiber synapses". The Journal of Neuroscience. 19 (10): 3926–34. PMID 10234023.
- Hironaka K, Umemori H, Tezuka T, Mishina M, Yamamoto T (May 2000). "The protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPMEG interacts with glutamate receptor delta 2 and epsilon subunits". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 275 (21): 16167–73. PMID 10748123.
- Miyagi Y, Yamashita T, Fukaya M, Sonoda T, Okuno T, Yamada K, Watanabe M, Nagashima Y, Aoki I, Okuda K, Mishina M, Kawamoto S (Feb 2002). "Delphilin: a novel PDZ and formin homology domain-containing protein that synaptically colocalizes and interacts with glutamate receptor delta 2 subunit". The Journal of Neuroscience. 22 (3): 803–14. PMID 11826110.
- Ly CD, Roche KW, Lee HK, Wenthold RJ (Feb 2002). "Identification of rat EMAP, a delta-glutamate receptor binding protein". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 291 (1): 85–90. PMID 11829466.
- Yue Z, Horton A, Bravin M, DeJager PL, Selimi F, Heintz N (Aug 2002). "A novel protein complex linking the delta 2 glutamate receptor and autophagy: implications for neurodegeneration in lurcher mice". Neuron. 35 (5): 921–33. S2CID 10534933.
- Kohda K, Kamiya Y, Matsuda S, Kato K, Umemori H, Yuzaki M (Jan 2003). "Heteromer formation of delta2 glutamate receptors with AMPA or kainate receptors". Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research. 110 (1): 27–37. PMID 12573530.
- Yap CC, Muto Y, Kishida H, Hashikawa T, Yano R (Feb 2003). "PKC regulates the delta2 glutamate receptor interaction with S-SCAM/MAGI-2 protein". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 301 (4): 1122–8. PMID 12589829.
- Sonoda T, Mochizuki C, Yamashita T, Watanabe-Kaneko K, Miyagi Y, Shigeri Y, Yazama F, Okuda K, Kawamoto S (Nov 2006). "Binding of glutamate receptor delta2 to its scaffold protein, Delphilin, is regulated by PKA". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 350 (3): 748–52. PMID 17027646.