George Zweig
George Zweig | |
---|---|
Born | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union (now Russia) | May 20, 1937
Citizenship | American |
Alma mater | |
Known for | Quark model |
Awards |
|
Scientific career | |
Fields | neurobiology |
Institutions | Los Alamos National Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology |
Doctoral advisor | Richard Feynman |
George Zweig (
Early life and education
Zweig was born on May 30, 1937 in
Career
Zweig proposed the existence of quarks at CERN, independently of Murray Gell-Mann, shortly after defending his PhD dissertation. Zweig dubbed them "aces", after the four playing cards, because he speculated there were four of them (on the basis of the four extant leptons known at the time).[3][4] The introduction of the concept of quarks provided a cornerstone for particle physics.
Like Gell-Mann, he realized that several important properties of particles such as
Gell-Mann received the Nobel Prize for physics in 1969, for his overall contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions; at that time, quark theory had not become fully accepted,[8] and was not specifically mentioned in the official citation of the prize. In 1977 Richard Feynman nominated both Zweig, and Gell-Mann again, for the Nobel prize,[9] but the nomination failed.[10]
Zweig later turned to research on hearing and neurobiology, and studied the transduction of sound into nerve impulses in the cochlea of the human ear,[11] and how the brain maps sound onto the spatial dimensions of the cerebral cortex. In 1975, while studying the ear,[12] he introduced a version of the continuous wavelet transform, the cochlear transform.
In 2003, Zweig joined the quantitative hedge fund
Awards and honors
- MacArthur Prize Fellowship(1981)
- National Academy of Sciences(1996)
- Sakurai Prize (2015)
References
- ^ "George Zweig". Mathematics Genealogy Project (North Dakota State University). Retrieved March 18, 2010.
- ^ a b Charitos, Panos (December 13, 2013). "Interview with George Zweig" (Interview). CERN. Retrieved June 22, 2023.
- ^ G. Zweig (1964), "An SU(3) model for strong interaction symmetry and its breaking", In *Lichtenberg, D. B. ( Ed.), Rosen, S. P. ( Ed.): Developments In The Quark Theory Of Hadrons, Vol. 1*, 22-101 and CERN Geneva - TH. 401 (17 Jan. 1964) 24p.
- ^ G. Zweig (1964), "An SU(3) model for strong interaction symmetry and its breaking II", Published in 'Developments in the Quark Theory of Hadrons'. Volume 1. Edited by D. Lichtenberg and S. Rosen. Nonantum, Mass., Hadronic Press, 1980. pp. 22-101 and CERN Geneva - TH. 412 (21 Feb. 1964) 76p.
- ^ G. Zweig (1980), "Origins of the Quark Model", CALT-68-805
- ^ G. Zweig (2013), "Concrete Quarks: The Beginning of the End" (PDF), CERN colloquium
- ^ Concrete quarks: CERN 2013 colloquium, video
- ^ Missing hadronic resonance states predicted by the quark model were only established in the early 1970s. Appreciation that flavor SU(3) reflects nothing beyond the symmetries of the three lightest quarks had to wait until the late 1970s. Understanding of the reason free quark searches were turning up negative was lacking until 1974.
- ^ G. Zweig Memories of Murray and the Quark Model,' International Journal of Modern Physics A 25(20) January 2012 p.15.
- ^
J. Gribbin (1995), Schrödinger's Kittens and the Search For Reality, Phoenix, p. ix, 261 p. : ill. ; 29 cm, ISBN 978-1-85799-402-5
- S2CID 18188510.
- PMID 1262596.
- ^ Chung, Juliet (July 23, 2015). "At 78, Scientist Is Starting a Hedge Fund". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved December 21, 2019.