Gerald Lankester Harding

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Gerald Lankester Harding
Born8 December 1901
Tianjin, China
Died11 February 1979(1979-02-11) (aged 77)
London, United Kingdom
Resting placeJerash, Jordan
CitizenshipUnited Kingdom
Occupation(s)Archaeologist, Chief Inspector of Antiquities (British Mandate of Palestine)

Gerald Lankester Harding

CBE (8 December 1901[1] – 11 February 1979) was a British archaeologist who was the director of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan from 1936 to 1956. His tenure spanned the period in which the Dead Sea Scrolls
were discovered and brought to public awareness. Without his efforts many of the scrolls might have disappeared into private collections never to be seen again.

Life

Harding was born in

Sir Flinders Petrie
and apply to go on one of his excavations.

In 1926, Petrie was excavating at

Tell ed-Duweir (Biblical Lachish), where the famous "Lachish Letters", written in the Palaeo-Hebrew script on pot sherds were found. With Olga Tufnell and Charles Inge
, Harding was responsible for the second volume of the Final Report.

In 1936, Harding was appointed by the British Mandate government as chief inspector of Antiquities to succeed George Horsfield.[3] With the help of his Bedouin assistant Hasan Awad who was also a superb archaeologist, Harding revitalised the Department of Antiquities and set about exploring, photographing, and cataloguing the sites and antiquities of Jordan. His photographs and meticulous records still are held by the department and record much that has since disappeared. As well as conducting a large number of excavations and surveys, he drew up a set of archaeological maps of Jordan, founded the Archaeological Museum on the citadel in Amman, and in 1951 set up the journal The Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan, which still is in existence.

Harding was very conscious of the need to establish a cadre of young Jordanian archaeologists to succeed him, and over a long period pestered first the Mandate and then the independent Jordanian government to provide funds for Jordanian students to study abroad because, at that time, there were no universities in Jordan. He managed to achieve funding for one student to go to the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, but the student, having finished his course, took a job in the UK, and after this the governments in Jordan were unwilling to pay for others to study archaeology abroad.

In 1948, Harding learned of the existence of the

American School of Oriental Research and the École biblique et archéologique française in Jerusalem, he negotiated access to the scrolls and their point of origin, and he organized funding to purchase them from the Bedouin who originally found them.[4] With Père Roland de Vaux
, Harding then organized a panel of brilliant young scholars to work on the scrolls, including Josef Milik, John Strugnell, and John Allegro.

In 1948, Harding and de Vaux finally learned the location of the cave from which the scrolls had come, and together they excavated it.[5] Subsequently, they investigated the settlement site of Qumran and examined two tombs in the Qumran Cemetery. In February 1952, he was involved with de Vaux in the excavation of caves in Wadi Murabba'at.[6] Harding continued to oversee the matters regarding Qumran and the scrolls until 1956 when the Suez Crisis occurred, he together with John Bagot Glubb (Glubb Pasha) and all the remaining British officials were dismissed by the Jordanian government.

In 1959, Harding published The Antiquities of Jordan, an overview of the many and varied archaeological sites of Jordan, which includes a chapter on Qumran, and which remained the most popular guidebook to Jordan for several decades.

The same year, Harding was asked by the British government to conduct the first major archaeological survey in the Aden Protectorate (southern Yemen). This he did and published his results in his book Archaeology in the Aden Protectorate. He also helped to set up and organise the Aden Museum and to secure for it and catalog the famous Muncherjee collection of ancient South Arabian antiquities.

In the late 1940s, Harding had become interested in the Ancient North Arabian inscriptions of which there are many thousands in Jordan. After 1956, he devoted his considerable energies to publishing several thousands of them. In 1971, he produced An Index to the Concordance of Pre-Islamic Names and Inscriptions, a massive work which is used universally by those working on Ancient North and South Arabian inscriptions.

Harding died in London, where he had been sent for medical treatment. However, as a mark of respect for the service he had given to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, his ashes were returned to Jordan and by permission of the authorities were buried overlooking the archaeological site at Jerash.[7]

Harding reportedly inspired the character of

Father Lankester Merrin in American author William Peter Blatty's novel The Exorcist; Blatty had met Harding while stationed in Beirut.[8][9]

Selected publications by Harding

Footnotes

  1. ^ Bennet, C.M. "G. Lankester Harding: An Appreciation", The Jordan Times 15 February 1979, p. 3
  2. ^ Drower, 1985
  3. ^ Harding 1959, xiii
  4. ^ Allegro 1956, pp. 20–22, 32–34.
  5. ^ VanderKam 2002, p. 12.
  6. ^ Allegro 1956, p. 35.
  7. ^ "Dead Sea Scrolls | Cast of Characters | the Dead Sea Scrolls and Why They Mattter". Archived from the original on 31 May 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  8. ^ "A very special contribution to TNC.com from Mr. Blatty himself!". TheNinthConfiguration.com. 3 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2022. One [photo] is of a Man named Gerald Lankester Harding, whom I knew when I was stationed in Beirut. He was formerly Curator of Antiquities in Jerusalem at which time he was instrumental in bringing the Dead Sea Scrolls into view of the public: an old Bedouin led him to the cave containing the scrolls. Anyway, Gerald was the physical model in my mind when I created the character of Father Merrin [from The Exorcist], whose first name, please note, is Lankester.
  9. ^ "'The Exorcist' source material, Undated". Georgetown University Archival Resources. Georgetown University. Retrieved 30 August 2022.

References

External links
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