Goiás

Coordinates: 15°56′S 50°8′W / 15.933°S 50.133°W / -15.933; -50.133
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Goiás (disambiguation).

Goiás (Brazilian Portuguese:

GDP.[4]

The history of Goiás dates back to the beginning of the 18th century, with the arrival of pioneers from São Paulo. The Rio Vermelho region was the first to be occupied, where Vila Boa (later renamed Goiás) was founded. The development and settlement of the state took place, in a more intensified way, starting in the 1930s with the founding of the new capital, Goiânia, and especially with the construction of Brasília in the 1950s.[5]

Goiás is characterized by a landscape of

Chapada dos Veadeiros the main attractions are the canyons, valleys, rapids and waterfalls. Other attractions include the historical city of Goiás and the hot springs of Caldas Novas
.

Geography

Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park
Serra dos Pirineus in Goiás

Goiás occupies a large plateau, the vast almost level surface of which stands between 750 and 900 m above sea level and forms the divide between three of Brazil's largest river systems: to the south, Goiás is drained by the

Preto
. None of these rivers is navigable except for short distances by small craft.

The state's highest point is Pouso Alto, at 1,676 metres (5,499 ft) above sea level, in the Chapada dos Veadeiros.

Goiás is covered with a woodland savanna known in Brazil as campo cerrado, although there are still tropical forests along the rivers. The climate of the plateau is tropical. Average monthly temperatures vary from 26 °C (79 °F) in the warmest month to 22 °C (72 °F) in the coldest. The year is divided into a rainy season (October–March) and a dry season (April–September). Average annual rainfall is about 1,700 millimetres (67 in), but this varies due to elevation and microclimate. Some parts of the state, however, have small remnants of tropical

Atlantic forest
, that mostly appears around rivers and valleys.

The Great Midwest Region, consisting of the states of Goiás,

Planaltina de Goiás, and Luziânia
).

History

Further information (in Portuguese):
History of Goiás (redirect) [pt
]
The Province of Goiás in 1830, during the Empire of Brazil
The Church of Pirenópolis, the oldest Baroque Catholic church in Goiás, built in 1728

The first European exploration of this interior part of Brazil was carried out by expeditions from

Planalto Central), and in 1956 Goiás was selected as the site for the federal district and capital national, Brasília
. The seat of the federal government was officially moved to Brasília in 1960.

Sertanejo
.

Due to the relatively large territory of the state, which was over 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi), communications were obviously very difficult. The northern part of the state began to feel abandoned by the southern government and began a movement for separation. Local political leaders also encouraged the movement. In 1988 the northern half of Goiás became a separate state called

Tocantins
.

Demographics

Basilica of the Eternal Father

According to the 2022 census, there were 7,056,495 people residing in the state. The population density was 20.7 inh./km2.

Urbanization: 88.6% (2006); Population growth: 2.5% (1991–2000); Houses: 1,749,000 (2006).[6]

The 2022 census revealed the following numbers: 3,822,864 Pardo (Multiracial) people (54.2%), 2,557,454 White people (36.2%), 648,560

Asian people (0.2%), 10,432 Amerindian people (0.1%).[7]

Ethnic groups found in Goiás include:

Lebanese and Syrian
.

According to an autosomal DNA study from 2008, the ancestral composition of Goiás is 83.70% European, 13.30% African and 3.0% Amerindian.[8]

 
 
Largest cities or towns in Goiás
Rank Pop. Rank Pop.
Goiânia
Goiânia 		1 Goiânia 1,516,113 11 Itumbiara 104,742 Anápolis
Anápolis
2 Aparecida de Goiânia 578,179 12 Jataí 100,882
3 Anápolis 386,923 13 Catalão 88,353
4 Rio Verde 235,647 14 Senador Canedo 87,848
5 Luziânia 212,440 15
Planaltina de Goiás
 82,258
6 Águas Lindas de Goiás 208,299 16 Caldas Novas 72,071
7 Valparaíso de Goiás 168,468 17 Santo Antônio do Descoberto 64,119
8
Trindade
 127,599 18 Goianésia 60,346
9
Formosa
 121,617 19 Cidade Ocidental 57,108
10 Novo Gama 115,711 20 Mineiros 54,003
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1872160,395—    
1890227,572+41.9%
1900255,284+12.2%
1920511,919+100.5%
1940661,226+29.2%
19501,010,880+52.9%
19601,626,376+60.9%
19702,460,007+51.3%
19803,229,219+31.3%
19914,012,562+24.3%
20005,004,197+24.7%
20106,003,788+20.0%
20227,056,495+17.5%
Source:[10]

Religion

Religion in Goiás (2010)
  1. Catholic Church 58.89 (58.4%)
  2. Protestantism 28.07 (27.8%)
  3. Spiritism 2.46 (2.44%)
  4. Other religions 3.38 (3.35%)
  5. Irreligious 8.11 (8.04%)

According to the Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), in 2010 58.89% of the state's population was

Protestants or evangelicals, 8.11% had no religion, 2.46% were Spiritists, 0.67% Jehovah's Witnesses, 1.01% other Christian religions (which include the Brazilian Catholic Apostolic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Mormonism and others) and 0.79% from other religions.[11][12]

Education

The capital city of Goiânia is the largest city and education center of the state.

Portuguese is the official national language, and thus the primary language taught in schools. English and Spanish, however, are also part of the official high school curriculum.

Educational institutions

Economy

Soybean plantation in Goiás.
Sorghum production in Cristalina, Goiás

The

industrial sector
at 35.4%. Agriculture represents 20.7%, of GDP (2004). Goiás exports: soybean 49.2%, meat of cattle 10.5%, gold 9.1%, other meat 7.5%, iron 7.4%, leather 4% (2002).

Share of the Brazilian economy: 2.4% (2005).[clarification needed]

Goiás is a leader in the country in crop raising. In 2016, Goiás had the 3rd largest

eggs this year was 188 million dozens. Goiás was the 9th largest producer of eggs, 5% of national production.[14]

Wheat harvest in Goiás

sunflower, in 2020 Goiás was the 2nd largest national producer, with 41.8%, losing only from Mato Grosso. In rice, Goiás is the 8th largest producer in Brazil, with 1% of national production.[23]

Chemical-mineral complex of the Fosfértil company in Catalão.

Minerals are also important with the state being a major producer of

aluminum (bauxite), it was the 3rd largest producer in the country, with 766 thousand tons, at a value of R$51 million.[24][25]

In gemstones, Goiás is one of the emerald producing states in Brazil. Campos Verdes is considered the "Capital of the Emeralds". The state also has known production of tourmaline (Brazil is one of the biggest productors of this gem), and sapphire (in a scarce mode).[26][27][28][29]

The Mitsubishi plant in Catalão.

The strongest growing area in the state has been in industry and commerce. Goiás had in 2017 an industrial GDP of R$37.1 billion, equivalent to 3.1% of the national industry. It employs 302,952 workers in the industry. The main industrial sectors are: Construction (25.6%), Food (25.2%), Industrial Public Utility Services, such as Electricity and Water (17.2%), Petroleum Products and Biofuels (7.4%) and Chemicals (3.7%). These 5 sectors concentrate 79.1% of the state's industry.[30]

Goiânia and Aparecida de Goiânia have become centers of food-processing industries, Anápolis of pharmaceutical factories. Rio Verde, in the southwest, is one of the fastest growing small cities with many new industries locating in the area and Catalão is a metal-mechanical and chemical center.

In Brazil, the

automotive sector represents close to 22% of industrial GDP. Goiás has Mitsubishi, Suzuki and Hyundai factories.[31][32]

Economic indicators

  • Agriculture (in tons): sugarcane (9,251,798), soybeans (3,420,653), corn (3,414,601), tomato (759,009), rice (352,135), cotton (278,363), manioc (255,639), beans (200,977)--(1999).
  • Livestock (in head): fowl (80,000,000 est.), cattle (18,000,000 est.), pigs (1,000,000 est.) --(1999).
  • Minerals: titanium-ilmenite (1,624 t), nickel (52,302 t), manganese (23,242 t), cobalt (484 t), iron (199 brute tons), niobium-pirocloride (54,953 t), gold (4,512,882 grams), silver (211,917)--(1998).
  • Industry: food, metallurgy, extraction of non-metallic minerals.

Statistics

Infrastructure

BR-060
Highway.
Anápolis Air Force Base.
The President of the Republic, Jair Bolsonaro, poses for a photo during the signing ceremony of the concession contract for the North-South section, in 2019, in Anápolis.

In 2017, the state had a total road network of 96,642.1 km, including municipal, state and federal roads. As of December 2021, Goiás owned, in addition to municipal roads, 21,212.67 km of Goiás state roads and 2,094.3 km of federal roads. There are more than 13,000 km of paved roads and about 1,200 km are

BR-153 between Anápolis and the border with Tocantins.[37]

Highways in the

BR-364, BR-414, BR-452
; additionally, over 60 state highways run through the state.

Modernization work will soon get under way[

Santa Genoveva Airport in the northeast side of Goiânia. With nominal yearly capacity of 600,000 passengers, in 2004 it received 950,000. With its new terminal, it will be able to handle up to 2 million users a year. Air traffic in Goiás has several airports.[38] An airbase has been built in Anápolis for the supersonic aircraft of the Brazilian Air Force.[39]

There is only a waterway on the Paranaíba River, and its main port is São Simão, which forms part of the Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná.[40]

One of the most important railways in the state is the

Ferrovia Norte-Sul (North-South Railway). On March 4, 2021, the section between São Simão (GO) and Estrela d'Oeste (SP) entered into operation. In São Simão, a terminal with a static capacity of 42,000 tons and the capacity to process 5.5 million tons of soybeans, corn and soybean meal per year was built. On May 29, 2021, the first railway composition loaded with soybeans departed from the multimodal terminal of Rio Verde (GO), bound for the Port of Santos. This trip marked the inauguration of the section between Rio Verde and São Simão (GO) with just over 200 km.[41][42]

Main sights

Wave pool, where thermal water is used, located in Rio Quente Resorts, Caldas Novas.
Santa Barbara Waterfall in Cavalcante
  • Caldas Novas

It is a city located in the southeast of the state, where hot springs are located, being the largest hydrothermal resort in the world, with several resorts that use the waters of these thermal springs for therapeutic and leisure purposes. Some resorts in the city are inspired by the ancient Roman Baths. The Region attracts tourists from all over Brazil and the world.[43][44]

  • Chapada dos Veadeiros
Main article: Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park

It is an ecological national park famous for the diversity of its landscape and the richness of its fauna and flora.

  • City of Goiás
Main article: Goiás, Goiás

An internationally famous World Heritage Site, the city is notable for its historical importance and colonial architecture.

  • Parque Nacional das Emas
Main article: Emas National Park

The Emas National Park is another World Heritage Site in Goiás.

  • Pirenópolis
Main article: Pirenópolis

Pirenópolis is a city in the interior of the State of Goiás, known for its preserved colonial homes and steep stone streets.

Cities

The state is divided into 246 municipalities

View of Catalão in Goiás.
Further information: List of municipalities in Goiás

The 15 most populous cities as estimated in 2017 by IGBE:

See City population of Goiás for table showing population from 1991 to 2005 in the 37 largest cities.

Some cities known for their tourist interest
Name Population
Caldas Novas 65,637
Cristalina 51,133
Ipameri 22,600
Pirenópolis 21,241
Goiás 14,173
Paraúna 10,900
Corumbá de Goiás 9,915
Cavalcante 9,725
Alto Paraíso de Goiás 7,688
Aruanã 5,212
Rio Quente 4,612

Sport

Serra Dourada Stadium
.
Pedro Ludovico Teixeira Olympic Stadium.

The main sport in the state is football. The main football clubs are

Serra Dourada Stadium and the Pedro Ludovico Teixeira Olympic Stadium, which was chosen as one of the hosts of the 2019 FIFA U-17 World Cup.[45][46]

Volleyball is also widely practiced by the population of Goiás, occupying the 3rd place in preference, with futsal in second place. Rugby occupies the fourth place in the preference of Goiás. A place where volleyball and futsal are widely practiced is in the city of Anápolis, which has an international gymnasium capable of hosting official matches, the Newton de Faria International Gymnasium.[47]

Olympic medalists

César Sebba in basketball and Diogo Villarinho in aquatic marathon.[48][49][50][51]

Flag

The green bars in the flag symbolize the spring and the yellow bars gold. The blue rectangle in the topleft corner symbolizes the sky, with the five stars forming the constellation of the Southern Cross. The flag was adopted on 30 July 1919. It is a toned down version of the original Republican flag of Brazil, in itself not original.

Further information: List of Goiás state symbols

Notable people

See also

References

  1. ^ "IBGE | Portal do IBGE | IBGE". Archived from the original on 31 August 2017. Retrieved 15 February 2018.
  2. ^ "PIB por Unidade da Federação, 2021". ibge.gov.br.
  3. ^ "Atlas do Desenvolvimento Humano no Brasil. Pnud Brasil, Ipea e FJP, 2022". www.atlasbrasil.org.br. Retrieved 11 June 2023.
  4. ^ "Estudo revela que o PIB de Goiás atingiu quase o dobro em relação as riquezas nacionais". 16 November 2021. Archived from the original on 2 March 2022. Retrieved 2 March 2022.
  5. ^ "História de Goiás". Find Everything and Region. 11 June 2010. Archived from the original on 8 December 2021. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  6. ^ Source: PNAD.
  7. ^ "Censo 2022 - Panorama".
  8. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original on 6 July 2011. Retrieved 2012-10-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  9. ^ "Estimativas da população residente nos municípios brasileiros com data de referência em 1º de julho de 2011" [Estimates of the Resident Population of Brazilian Municipalities as of July 1, 2011] (PDF) (in Portuguese). Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. 30 August 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 7 October 2011. Retrieved 31 August 2011.
  10. ^ "2022 Census Overview" (in Portuguese).
  11. ^ «Censo 2010 Archived 29 August 2020 at the Wayback Machine». IBGE
  12. ^ «Análise dos Resultados/IBGE Censo Demográfico 2010: Características gerais da população, religião e pessoas com deficiência Archived 26 June 2020 at the Wayback Machine» (PDF)
  13. ^ "Rebanho bovino goiano atinge recorde histórico". Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  14. ^ "Rebanho goiano alcança recorde". 30 September 2016. Archived from the original on 21 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  15. ^ "IBGE prevê safra recorde de grãos em 2020". 8 January 2020. Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  16. ^ "Goiás lidera produção nacional de sorgo, segundo o IBGE". 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  17. ^ "Safra de tomate deve vir 12% menor este ano em Goiás". 7 June 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
  18. ^ "Alho em Goiás". Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  19. ^ "[REVISTA CAMPO E NEGÓCIO] Alho brasileiro sofre concorrência desleal". Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  20. ^ "Feijão - Análise da Conjuntura Agropecuária" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  21. ^ "Qualidade do algodão de MT é destaque em congresso nacional". 29 August 2019. Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  22. ^ "MT segue como líder isolado na produção de algodão e safra sobe para 65% em 2017/18". Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  23. ^ "Goiás passa a ser o terceiro maior produtor de grãos do Brasil". Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  24. ^ "Anuário Mineral Brasileiro 2018". Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  25. ^ "Goiás lidera produção de níquel". 6 April 2014. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  26. ^ "Rio e Bahia se unem para produzir joias e bijuterias com esmeraldas". Archived from the original on 1 August 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  27. ^ "Algumas Gemas Clássicas". Archived from the original on 6 September 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  28. ^ "Mineração de Esmeraldas". Archived from the original on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  29. ^ "Brasil passa a Colômbia nas esmeraldas". Archived from the original on 17 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  30. ^ "Goiás Industry Profile". Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  31. ^ "Setor Automotivo". Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  32. ^ "O novo mapa das montadoras". 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2020.
  33. ^ Source: IBGE.
  34. ^ MAPA DE MANUTENÇÃO RODOVIÁRIA GOIÁS
  35. ^ Sistema Rodoviário Goiano
  36. ^ Anuário CNT do transporte
  37. ^ Ecorodovias vence leilão da rodovia BR-153 por R$ 320 milhões
  38. ^ Goiânia Santa Genoveva Airport
  39. ^ FAB abre 46 vagas para serviço militar temporário e voluntário em Anápolis
  40. ^ Hidrovia Tietê-Paraná tem data marcada para retomada da navegação após estiagem suspender operações
  41. ^ Inaugurada a Ferrovia Norte-sul entre São Simão e Estrela D’Oeste
  42. ^ Vagões da primeira viagem de trem da ferrovia Norte-Sul chegam ao Porto de Santos, SP
  43. ^ Caldas Novas
  44. ^ 12 villes touristiques à Goiás pour vous faire découvrir et vous détendre
  45. ^ FGF
  46. ^ Estádio Olímpico de Goiânia é confirmado como sede da Copa do Mundo sub-17
  47. ^ Anápolis sedia rodada da Copa do Brasil 2022 de Futsal nesta quarta-feira, 4
  48. ^ "Dante". Archived from the original on 17 August 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  49. ^ "Carlos Jayme". Archived from the original on 8 November 2022. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  50. ^ César Sebba
  51. ^ Diogo Villarinho

Historic Centre of the Town of Goiás World Heritage Site Google Arts and Culture Platform

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