Golden-olive woodpecker
Golden-olive woodpecker | |
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Male above, female below | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Piciformes |
Family: | Picidae |
Genus: | Colaptes |
Species: | C. rubiginosus
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Binomial name | |
Colaptes rubiginosus (Swainson, 1820)
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Synonyms | |
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The golden-olive woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus) is a species of bird in the subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found from Mexico south and east through Panama, in every mainland South American country except Chile, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and Trinidad and Tobago.[2][3]
Taxonomy and systematics
The golden-olive woodpecker was originally described as the "brown woodpecker" (Picus rubiginosus).[4] It was later placed in the genus Piculus but since about 2007 has been moved into Colaptes by taxonomic systems.[5][6][7][2][8][9]
The
- C. r. yucatanensis (Cabot, S., 1844)
- C. r. alleni (Bangs, 1902)
- C. r. buenavistae (Chapman, 1915)
- C. r. meridensis (Ridgway, 1911)
- C. r. rubiginosus (Swainson, 1820)
- C. r. deltanus (Aveledo & Ginés, 1953)
- C. r. paraquensis (Phelps, W.H. & Phelps, W.H. Jr., 1948)
- C. r. guianae (Hellmayr, 1918)
- C. r. viridissimus (Chapman, 1939)
- C. r. nigriceps (Blake, 1941)
- C. r. trinitatis (Ridgway, 1911)
- C. r. tobagensis (Ridgway, 1911)
- C. r. gularis (Hargitt, 1889)
- C. r. rubripileus (Salvadori & Festa, 1900)
- C. r. coloratus (Chapman, 1923)
- C. r. chrysogaster (Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1902) (At one time treated as a separate species)[6]
- C. r. canipileus (d'Orbigny, 1840)
- C. r. tucumanus (Cabanis, 1883)
The
Further splittings of these subspecies have been proposed at various times but each is currently (2023) considered synonymous with a member of this list.[11]
According to some authors, the golden-olive woodpecker
The
This article follows the 18-subspecies IOC/HBW model.
Description
The golden-olive woodpecker is 18 to 23 cm (7.1 to 9.1 in) long. Males and females have the same plumage except on their heads. Adult males of the
The other subspecies of golden-olive woodpeckers differ from the nominate in size, the color of their backs, and the base color and barring of their underparts. The differences are summarized in comparison to the nominate:[11]
- C. r. yucatanensis, larger but variable, lighter barring on breast
- C. r. alleni, large, bronze-gold with red tinges above, black throat with white spots, narrow bars on breast, red on male's crown
- C. r. buenavistae, very large, bronzy back with reddish tinge, darkly barred rump, olive green bars on underparts
- C. r. meridensis, like buenavistae but somewhat smaller with a less bronzy back
- C. r. deltanus, small, greener back, and larger white spots on throat
- C. r. paraquensis, large, strong bronze tinge on back, dark dark gray crown with little red
- C. r. guianae, large, bronzy yellow-green back, very small pale throat spots, moderate amount of red on crown
- C. r. viridissimus, very large, bright yellow-green back, whitish base color and wide black barring on breast, male has less red on head
- C. r. nigriceps, like guianae but with little or no bronze
- C. r. trinitatis, like tobagensis but much smaller with a less heavy bill
- C. r. tobagensis, large, bronze-gold with red tinges above, black throat with white spots, medium-width greenish bars on breast
- C. r. gularis large, fine white throat spots, pale underparts, male has entirely red crown and female slightly less
- C. r. rubripileus, like gularis but smaller with blacker breast barring
- C. r. coloratus, slightly bronzy upperparts, bright yellow mostly unbarred belly, barred flanks
- C. r. chrysogaster, very bronzy back with red tinge, unbarred yellow belly, male has much red on crown
- C. r. canipileus, very bronzy back with red tinge, lightly barred yellow belly, male has much red on crown
- C. r. tucumanus, large, dull green and less bronzy back, whiter underparts with blackish barring
Distribution and habitat
The subspecies of the golden-olive woodpecker are found thus:[2][11]
- C. r. yucatanensis, from Oaxaca and Veracruz in Mexico through Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica into western Panama
- C. r. alleni, Colombia's Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta and nearby
- C. r. buenavistae, the eastern Andes of Colombia and Ecuador
- C. r. meridensis, Venezuela's Serranía del Perijá, western Coastal Range, and Andes
- C. r. rubiginosus, north-central and northeastern Venezuelan mountains
- C. r. deltanus, northeastern Venezuela's Delta Amacuro state
- C. r. paraquensis, the tepuis of south-central Venezuela
- C. r. guianae, the tepuis of eastern Venezuela and western Guyana
- C. r. viridissimus, Auyán-tepui in southeastern Venezuela
- C. r. nigriceps, the Acarai Mountains of southern Guyana and southern Suriname
- C. r. trinitatis, Trinidad
- C. r. tobagensis, Tobago
- C. r. gularis, Colombia's Cordillera Occidental and Cordillera Central
- C. r. rubripileus, from southwestern Colombia through western Ecuador to Peru's Department of Lambayeque
- C. r. coloratus, from the Cordillera del Cóndor in extreme southeastern Ecuador into north-central Peru to Department of San Martín
- C. r. chrysogaster, between the departments of Huánuco and Cuzco in central Peru
- C. r. canipileus, from southern Peru into central and southeastern Bolivia
- C. r. tucumanus, from southern Bolivia south to Tucumán Province in Argentina
The golden-olive woodpecker inhabits a very wide variety of landscapes, mostly semi-open to dense. They range from dry tropical
Behavior
Movement
As far as is known, the golden-olive woodpecker is a year-round resident throughout its range.[11]
Feeding
The golden-olive woodpecker forages from the forest's mid level to the canopy, exploring the trunk, limbs, branches, and vines of large trees. It hunts by itself, in loose pairs, and as part of
Breeding
The golden-olive woodpecker's breeding season has not been determined for its whole range, but it appears to vary geographically. It breeds between January and May from Mexico to Colombia, from December or January to June or July in Ecuador and Peru, and the season perhaps includes October in Guyana. It excavates its nest cavity in a living or dead tree or palm, anywhere between 1.2 and 18 m (5 and 60 ft) above the ground. Both sexes incubate the clutch of two to four eggs but the incubation period is not known. Both parents provision nestlings by regurgitation for the approximately 24 days between hatch and fledging.[11]
Vocal and non-vocal sounds
The golden-olive woodpecker's song is "a protracted rising rattling trill". Its other vocalizations include a repeated "loud, clear dree", a "single sharp deeeeh", a "sharp kyown", a "churr, choo-úr", a "liquid woick-woick-woick", and a "utzia-deek". It occasionally drums in "rolls very short, sometimes repeated at short intervals; sometimes as clearly separated strikes".[11]
Status
The
References
- ^ . Retrieved 27 January 2023.
- ^ a b c d e Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2022). "Woodpeckers". IOC World Bird List. v 12.2. Retrieved January 9, 2023.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. Species Lists of Birds for South American Countries and Territories. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCCountryLists.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
- ^ Swainson, William (1820). Zoological Illustrations. Vol. I. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy.
- PMID 16635580.
- ^ a b c Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 July 2022. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved July 24, 2022
- ^ Richard C. Banks, R. Terry Chesser, Carla Cicero, Jon L. Dunn, Andrew W. Kratter, Irby J. Lovette, Pamela C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., James D. Rising, Douglas F. Stotz, and Kevin Winker. "Forty-ninth supplement to the American Ornithological Society's Check-list of North American Birds". The Auk 2008, vol. 125:758-768 retrieved January 27, 2023
- ^ a b Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, T. A. Fredericks, J. A. Gerbracht, D. Lepage, S. M. Billerman, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2022. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2022. Downloaded from https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ retrieved November 10, 2022
- ^ a b c HBW and BirdLife International (2022) Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world. Version 7. Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v7_Dec22.zip retrieved December 13, 2022
- ^ Chesser, R. T., S. M. Billerman, K. J. Burns, C. Cicero, J. L. Dunn, B. E. Hernández-Baños, R. A. Jiménez, A. W. Kratter, N. A. Mason, P. C. Rasmussen, J. V. Remsen, Jr., D. F. Stotz, and K. Winker. 2022. Check-list of North American Birds (online). American Ornithological Society. https://checklist.aou.org/taxa Archived 2020-02-20 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j del Hoyo, J., H. Winkler, D. A. Christie, and N. Collar (2022). Golden-olive Woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus), version 1.1. In Birds of the World (N. D. Sly, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.goowoo1.01.1 retrieved January 27, 2023
- ^ Moore, W.S.; Overton, L.C.; Miglia, K.J. (2011). "Mitochondrial DNA based phylogeny of the woodpecker genera Colaptes and Piculus, and implications for the history of woodpecker diversification in South America". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 58: 76–84.
- ^ Dufort, M.J. (2015). "An augmented supermatrix phylogeny of the avian family Picidae reveals uncertainty deep in the family tree". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 94: 313–326.
- ^ Tórrez, Marvin A.; Arendt, Wayne J.; Díaz, Luis (2016). "Consumption of Müllerian Bodies by Golden-olive Woodpecker (Colaptes rubiginosus) in Nicaragua's Highlands". Wilson Journal of Ornithology. 128 (1): 190–193.
Further reading
- Skutch, Alexander F. (1969). "Golden-olive woodpecker" (PDF). Life Histories of Central American Birds III: Families Cotingidae, Pipridae, Formicariidae, Furnariidae, Dendrocolaptidae, and Picidae. Pacific Coast Avifauna, Number 35. Berkeley, California: Cooper Ornithological Society. pp. 422–427.
- ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (2003). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6759-1.
- Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. London: Christopher Helm. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
External links
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