Greater amberjack

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"Kanpachi" redirects here. For the species referred to as Hirenaga-kanpachi, see Longfin yellowtail.

Greater amberjack

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Carangiformes
Family: Carangidae
Genus: Seriola
Species:
S. dumerili
Binomial name
Seriola dumerili
(Risso, 1810)
Synonyms[2]
  • Caranx dumerili Risso, 1810
  • Trachurus aliciolus Rafinesque, 1810
  • Trachurus fasciatus Rafinesque, 1810
  • Seriola boscii Valenciennes, 1833
  • Seriola purpurascens Temminck & Schlegel, 1845
  • Seriola tapeinometopon Bleeker, 1853
  • Seriola gigas Poey, 1860
  • Seriola simplex Ramsay & Ogilby, 1886
  • Regificola parilis Whitley, 1948
  • Seriola rhombica
    J.L.B. Smith
    , 1959
Greater amberjack ( Seriola dumerili ).
Greater Amberjack ( Seriola Dumerili ). Gulf of Mexico. Credit: SEFSC Pascagoula Laboratory; Collection of Brandi Noble, NOAA/NMFS/SEFSC. Notice the elongated body, the short very streamlined dorsal and Pelvic Fins and the Tuna like tail.

The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), also known as the allied kingfish, great amberfish, greater yellowtail, jenny lind, Sea donkey, purplish amberjack, reef donkey, rock salmon, sailors choice, yellowtail, and yellow trevally, is a species of predatory

ray-finned fish in the family Carangidae, the jacks and pompanos. It is found in temperate, subtropical, and tropical seas around the world. It is a popular quarry
species for recreational fisheries and is important in commercial fisheries. It is the largest species in the family Carangidae.

Description

The greater amberjack is a large predatory fish which has a body colouring which varies from brownish to bluish-grey on the dorsal surfaces contrasting with the silvery-white underparts. A diagonal sooty stripe starts at the snout and runs along the centre of the back

anal fins have a low anterior lobe.[2] Small juveniles have clear fins[3] and a series of five vertical bands along the body and a sixth band on the caudal peduncle.[4] The shape of the body is elongated and fusiform and it is of moderate depth and laterally compressed, and has a covering of small cycloid scales.[4] The largest fish have been measured at 190 cm (75 in) in total length, but the more typical length found is 100 cm (39 in), while the largest published weight is 80.6 kg (178 lb).[2]

New South Wales

Distribution

The greater amberjack has an almost circumglobal distribution in the world's subtropical and tropical seas and oceans. In the Indian Ocean, it is found along the African coast from South Africa east through the Persian Gulf to Western Australia and southern Japan, reaching the Hawaiian Islands and Micronesia in the Pacific Ocean. It reaches as far south as the island of Tasmania off the coast of Australia. In the western Atlantic Ocean, this species is found around Bermuda and on the North American coast as far north as Nova Scotia extending south as far as Brazil, including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. In the eastern Atlantic Ocean, it has been recorded as a vagrant as far north as the British Isles and is found off in the Bay of Biscay south to Morocco and in the Mediterranean Sea. It may occur along the west African coast, but may be confused with the similar Seriola carpenteri.[2][3][1][5]

Habitat and biology

Habitat

The greater amberjack is found as solitary individuals or in small to moderate-sized schools, which are

pelagic and occur in the vicinity of reefs, deep offshore caves, drop-offs, rocky outcrops, and deep seaward reefs. It sometimes enters coastal bays, while the juveniles are infrequently recorded quite far well out to sea where they shelter among floating algae, such as Sargassum, and debris.[3] It can also be found over wrecks. Smaller individuals, less than 3 kg (6.6 lb), can be caught in shallow water, while the larger fish prefer deeper water, normally 18–72 m (59–236 ft) and have been recorded at depths of 360 m (1,180 ft).[1]

Diet

Greater amberjacks are opportunistic predators when they are adults, which prey on

piscivorous and at this size, they move from open waters to more coastal areas.[4]

Breeding

Angler with a reef donkey (Jack Crevale - Caranx hippos) off the coast of Costa Rica. This is a cousin of the Greater Amberjack

S. dumerli is

gonochoric, meaning that the males and females are separate and determined at birth, and no sexual dimorphism exists other than size. The sexes begin to differentiate around 4–5 months of age when they attain a length of 24–26 cm (9.4–10.2 in). In the Mediterranean, they reach sexual maturity at 4 (males) and 5 (females) years of age when they attain a length around 109 and 113 centimetres (43 and 44 in) in length in males and females. In western Atlantic populations, the males are mature after three years and 80 cm (31 in) and the females after four years of age and attaining 83 cm (33 in).[4] This species has been observed to show pair courtship off Belize where schools numbering around 120 individuals were found and pairing mainly occurred during when the Moon was either full or waning and between February and October. Half of the males are sexually mature at 64.6 cm (25.4 in) fork length for males; half of the females are sexually mature on attaining 73.3 cm (28.9 in) fork length. This is a highly productive fish; a single female may lay 18 to 59 million eggs in a single spawning season. Off the coast of Florida, spawning peaks in April and May, each female is estimated to spawn once every four to five days during the spawning season, lasting around 60 days.[1] In the Mediterranean, spawning takes place in June and July.[4] Spawning occurs over such habitats as reefs and shipwrecks, demonstrated by the abundance of juveniles in these habitats in the summer following the spring spawning in the western Atlantic.[6]

The eggs are 1.9 mm (0.075 in) in diameter, and after spawning, the embryos take around 40 hours to develop at 23 °C (73 °F), and the newly hatched 2.9-millimetre (0.11 in) larvae take 31–36 days to develop into juveniles.[2] They can live up to 17 years.[7]

Greater amberjack baked with olive oil

Predators and parasites

Greater amberjack are preyed on by larger fishes including the

Tapeworms are occasionally recorded as infesting this species, these worms being harmless to humans, albeit rather unappetising. The monogenean Zeuxapta seriolae has been documented as living as a parasite on the gills of these fish.[6][8]

Human usage

The greater amberjack is an important food fish and is a commercial quarry species, and the species has been used in

groupers.[10]

Taxonomy and etymology

The greater amberjack was formally

zoologist André Marie Constant Duméril (1774–1860), who was the father of another well-known French zoologist Auguste Duméril (1812–1870).[12] It is the type species of the genus Seriola[13]

References

  1. ^
    doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198643A16644002.en
    . Retrieved 14 February 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Seriola dumerili" in FishBase. August 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b c d "Seriola dumerili". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h "Cultured Aquatic Species Information Programme Seriola dumerili (Risso, 1810)". Food and Agriculture Organization. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  5. ^ J.C. Hureau (ed.). "Greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili)". Fishes of the NE Atlantic and the Mediterranean. Marine Species Identification Portal. ETI Bioinformatics. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Greater Amberjack". Florida Museum of Natural History. 2017-05-05. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  7. ^ "Greater Amberjack". NOAA Fisheries. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  8. PMID 35284877. Open access icon
  9. ^ "Greater Amberjack". Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council. Retrieved 2021-04-12.
  10. ^ "Greater Amberjack". Take Me Fishing. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  11. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Caranx dumerili". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  12. ^ Christopher Scharpf; Kenneth J. Lazara (10 August 2019). "Order CARANGIFORMES (Jacks)". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  13. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Seriola". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
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