Gurjaras of Lata
Gurjara of Lata | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
c. 580 CE–c. 738 CE | |||||||||
Capital | Nándípurí ( Nandod) Bhrigukacchapa (Bharuch) | ||||||||
Common languages | Prakrit | ||||||||
Religion | Sun-worshipers, Shaivism | ||||||||
Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
History | |||||||||
• Established | c. 580 CE | ||||||||
• Disestablished | c. 738 CE | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Today part of | India |
History of Gujarat |
---|
The Gurjaras of Lata, also known as
Sources of Information
All the available information regarding the Bharuch Gurjaras comes from
Rule
These copperplates limit the regular Gurjara territory to the Bharuch district between the
Though the Gurjaras held a considerable territory in South Gujarat their plates seem to show they were not independent rulers. The general titles are either Samadhigata-panchamahāśabada 'He who has attained the five great titles,’ or Sāmanta Feudatory. In one instance Jayabhaṭa III who was probably a powerful ruler is called Sāmantādhipati Lord of Feudatories. It is hard to say to what suzerain these
History
The origin of dynasty is not known. They probably originated from the neighboring dynasty, Gurjaras of Mandor or Bhinmal.[3]
Early history
A grant
A still nearer approximation to the date of the Gurjara conquest is suggested by the change in the titles of Dharasena I of
Dadda I
The above-mentioned anonymous grant of the year 346 (CE 594–95) from Sankheda is ascribed with great probability to Dadda I. who is known from the two Kheḍā grants of his grandson Dadda II. (C. 620–650 CE)[8] to have “uprooted the Nāga” who may be the same as the forest tribes ruled by Nirihullaka (possibly later represented by the Nāikdās of the Panchmahāls and the Talabdas or Locals of Bharuch).[2]
The northern limit of Dadda's kingdom seems to have been the
Jayabhata I
Dadda I was succeeded by his son Jayabhaṭa I who is mentioned in the Kheḍā grants as a victorious and virtuous ruler, and appears from his title of Vītarāga the Passionless to have been a religious prince.[2]
Dadda II
Jayabhaṭa I. was succeeded by his son Dadda II who bore the title of Praśāntarāga, the Passion-calmed. Dadda was the donor of the two Kheḍā grants of 380 (628–29 CE) and 385 (633–34 CE), and a part of a grant made by his brother Raṇagraha in the year 391 (639–40 CE) has been recorded.[12] Both of the Kheḍā grants relate to the gift of the village of Sirīshapadraka (Sisodra) in the Akrúreśvara (Ankleshwar) vishaya to certain Brāhmans of Jambusar and Bharuch. In Raṇagraha's grant the name of the village is lost.[2]
Dadda II’s own grants describe him as having attained the five great titles, and praise him in general terms: and both he and his brother Raṇagraha sign their grants as devout worshipers of the sun. Dadda II heads the genealogy in the later grant of 456 (704–5 CE),
To Dadda II's reign belongs Hiuen Tsiang's notice of the kingdom of Bharuch (C. 640 CE). He says "all their profit is from the sea" and describes the country as salt and barren, which is still true of large tracts in the west and twelve hundred years ago was probably the condition of a much larger area than at present. Hiuen Tsiang does not say that Broach was subject to any other kingdom, but it is clear from the fact that Dadda bore the five great titles that he was a mere feudatory. At this period the valuable port of Bharuch, from which all their profit was made, was a prize fought for by all the neighbouring powers. With the surrounding country of Lāṭa, Bharuch submitted to Pulakeśin II. (610–640 CE),[17] it may afterwards have fallen to the Mālawa kings, to whom in Hiuen Tsiang's time (640 CE) both Kheḍā (K’i.e.-ch’a) and Ánandapura (Vadnagar) belonged; later it was subject to Valabhi, as Dharasena IV made a grant at Bharuch in VS 330 (649–50 CE).[18][2]
The knowledge of the later Gurjaras is derived exclusively from two grants of Jayabhaṭa III dated respectively 456 (704–5 CE) and 486 (734–5 CE).
Jayabhata II
The successor of Dadda II was his son Jayabhaṭa II who is described as a warlike prince, but of whom no historical details are recorded.[2]
Dadda III
Jayabhaṭa's son, Dadda III Bāhusahāya is described as waging wars with the great kings of the east and of the west (probably Mālava and Valabhi). He had received title of Bāhusahāya to for showing valour of his arms in fights with suzerain of east and west. He was Śaiva. Like his predecessors, Dadda III was not an independent ruler. He could claim only the five great titles, though no hint is given who was his suzerain. His immediate superior may have been Jayasimhavarma, who received the province of Lāṭa from his brother
Jayabhata III
The son and successor of Dadda III was Jayabhaṭa III whose two grants of 456 (704–5 CE) and 486 (734–5 CE)[22] must belong respectively to the beginning and the end of his reign. He attained the five great titles, and was therefore a feudatory, probably of the Chālukyas: but his title of Mahāsāmantādhipati implies that he was a chief of importance. He is praised in vague terms, but the only historical event mentioned in his grants is a defeat of a Maitraka ruler of Valabhi, noted in the grant of 486 (734–5 CE). The Maitraka king referred to must be Śīlāditya IV (691 CE).[2]
Ahirole
Jayabhata III was succeeded by Ahirole. He ruled till c. 720 CE.[11]
Jayabhata IV
Ahirole's son Jayabhata IV's copperplate states that he defeated the Arabs fighting for the
Religion
The rulers till Dadda III were worshipers of
List of rulers
- Dadda I. c. 585–605 CE
- Jayabhaṭa I. Vītarāga, c. 605–620 CE
- Dadda II. Praśāntarāga, c. 620–650 CE
- Jayabhaṭa II. c. 650–675 CE
- Dadda III. Bāhusahāya, c. 675–690 CE
- Jayabhaṭa III. c. 690–710 CE
- Ahirole c. 710–720 CE
- Jayabhaṭa IV c. 720–737 CE
References
- ^ The Indian Antiquary V. 109ff; The Indian Antiquary VII. 61ff.; Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (N. S.), I. 274ff.; The Indian Antiquary XIII. 81–91; Journal of Bombay Branch Royal Asiatic Society X. 19ff.; The Indian Antiquary XIII. 115–119. The Indian Antiquary XVII. and Epigraphica Indica II. 19ff.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q James Macnabb Campbell, ed. (1896). "I.THE GURJJARAS (A. D. 580–808.)". History of Gujarát. Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency. Vol. I. Part I. The Government Central Press. pp. 114–120. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Virji, Krishnakumari Jethabhai (1955). Ancient history of Saurashtra: being a study of the Maitrakas of Valabhi V to VIII centuries A. D. Indian History and Culture Series. Konkan Institute of Arts and Sciences. pp. 126–129.
- ^ Epigraphica Indica II. 21.
- ^ Epigraphica Indica II. 19.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary VII. 68, VIII. 302, XIII. 160, and XV. 187.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary VI. 9, VII. 70.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary XIII. 81–88.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary VII. 70.
- ISBN 812080404X.
- ^ a b c d e Shyam Manohar Mishra (1977). Yaśovarman of Kanauj: A Study of Political History, Social, and Cultural Life of Northern India During the Reign of Yaśovarman. Abhinav Publications. pp. 49–50, 54. GGKEY:W57FPC50S5N.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary XIII. 81–88, Epigraphica Indica II. 19.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary XIII. 70.
- ISBN 8120725034.
- ISBN 8122411983. 9788122411980.
- ^ a b c d e Majumdar, R. C (1997). The History and Culture of the Indian People : The Classical Age. Vol. III. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. pp. 150, 152, 156–57, 410.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary VIII. 237.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary XV. 335.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary V. 109, XIII. 70.
- ^ Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society Bombay Branch. XVI. 1ff.
- ISBN 9004036105.
- ^ The Indian Antiquary V. 109, XIII. 70. The earlier grant was made from Káyávatára (Karwan/Kayavarohan): the later one is mutilated.
- )
- OCLC 8313041.