Halostachys

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Halostachys
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Amaranthaceae
Subfamily: Salicornioideae
Genus: Halostachys
C.A.Mey. ex Schrenk
Species:
H. caspica
Binomial name
Halostachys caspica
(M.Bieb.) C.A.Mey.[1]
Synonyms[1]
  • Arthrocnemum belangerianum Moq.
  • Arthrocnemum caspicum (M.Bieb.) Moq.
  • Halocnemum caspicum M.Bieb.
  • Halostachys belangeriana (Moq.) Botsch.
  • Halostachys songarica Schrenk
  • Salicornia caspica Pall.

Halostachys is a genus of flowering plants in the plant family Amaranthaceae, containing a single species, Halostachys caspica. The plants are small to medium halophytic shrubs with apparently jointed fleshy stems and scale-like leaves. They are native to western and central Asia and northern China.[1]

Description

Halostachys caspica grows as a shrub to 1–3 m height and width. The erect stems are much branched, older twigs are mostly leafless. The young twigs are blue-green, fleshy, apparently jointed (articulated), with glabrous fine papillose surface. The opposite leaves are fleshy, glabrous, connate basally and surrounding the stem (thus forming the joints), with very short scale-like triangular blades.[2][3][4]

The

papillate stigmas. The flowering and fruiting phase reaches from July to November.[2][3][4]

The fruit is enclosed by the fleshy, somewhat inflated, three-angled, shiny perianth. The fruit wall (pericarp) is membranous. The erect seed is oblong and red-brown, containing the half-annular embryo and copious

perisperm (feeding tissue).[2][3][4]

Systematics

The genus Halostachys was

lectotype of the genus. But this was problematic, as in 1866 Halostachys songarica and H. nodulosa had been transferred to the genus Halopeplis by Franz Ungern-Sternberg. Mikko Piirainen (2015) proposed to conserve the name Halostachys with the conserved type Halostachys caspica,[7] (of which Halostachys belangeriana is a synonym).[8]

Today Halostachys includes just one species, Halostachys caspica (Moq.) Botsch..[4][9][10] The earliest description of this species was made in 1771 by Peter Simon Pallas as Salicornia caspica Pall., but this name is illegitimate (as Salicornia caspica L. existed already since 1753). The synonyms Halocnemum caspicum (Pall.) M.Bieb., Halostachys caspia (Pall.) C.A.Mey. (nom. inval.), Halostachys caspica (Pall.) C.A.Mey. ex Schrenk, and Arthrocnemum caspicum (Pall.) Moq. (p.p., nom. confus.) are all based on this illegitimate name.[3] Halostachys caspica is now a conserved name.

Phylogenetic research confirmed that Halostachys is closely related to the genus Halocnemum.[5]

Distribution and habitat

The distribution area of Halostachys caspica reaches from

Southwest Asia (northern Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan), Central Asia (Turkmenistan, Mongolia) to Xinjiang and western Gansu (China).[2][3][4]

The plants are halophytes and grow in salt marshes, salty and alkaline mudflats, salty ditches, in dry river beds,[2] and along the shores of salt lakes.[4]

Uses

Halostachys caspica grows under extreme ecological conditions, and is a good fodder plant for the sustainable development on salty soils. The best fodder quality is achieved during the flowering phase.[10] Economically important phytochemicals are flavonoids with antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.[9]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Halostachys caspica (M.Bieb.) C.A.Mey". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-04-08.
  2. ^
    ISBN 3-201-00728-5
    , p. 125-126.
  3. ^
    ISBN 1930723105
  4. ^ a b c d e f Gelin Zhu, Sergei L. Mosyakin & Steven E. Clemants (2004). "Halostachys caspica". In Flora of China Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of China online. Retrieved 9 August 2016.
  5. ^ a b Gudrun Kadereit, Ladislav Mucina, Helmut Freitag: Phylogeny of Salicornioideae (Chenopodiaceae): diversification, biogeography, and evolutionary trends in leaf and flower morphology, In: Taxon, Volume 55 , Issue 3, 2006, p. 630-632.
  6. ^ Alexander von Schrenk: Chenopodiaceae staticesque novae vel nondum descriptae quas in itinere ad fluvium Tschu versus legit Alexander Schrenk. In: Bulletin de la Classe Physico-Mathématique de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de Saint-Pétersbourg 1, 1843, p. 361. first publication of Halostachys scanned at biodiversitylibrary.org.
  7. ^ Mikko Piirainen: Proposal to conserve the name Halostachys (Chenopodiaceae s.str.; Amaranthaceae sensu APG: Salicornioideae) with a conserved type. In: Taxon 64, Issue 2, 2015, p. 386–387.
  8. ^ Mikko Piirainen 2009: Halostachys belangeriana. In: P. Uotila, (ed.): Chenopodiaceae. In: Euro+Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  9. ^
    doi:10.3390/molecules15117933
  10. ^ a b B. Rasuoli, B. Amiri, M.H. Assareh, M. Jafari: Nutritional value of a halophyte species, Halostachys caspica in three different phaenological stages and three different sites. In: Iranian Journal of Range and Desert Research, Volume 18, Number 1 (42), 2011, p. 32-41.

External links

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