Hanyang 88
Hanyang 88 | |
---|---|
Bolt-action | |
Rate of fire | ~15 rounds per minute |
Muzzle velocity | 620 m/s (2066 fps) |
Effective firing range | 500 m (550 yd) |
Maximum firing range | 2,000 m (2,200 yd) |
Feed system | 5 round en-bloc clip, external box magazine, clip fed |
Sights | rear sight with a range of 160m, front blade sight |
The Type 88, sometimes known as "Hanyang 88" or Hanyang Type 88 (
The name of the rifle is derived from Hanyang Arsenal, the main factory that produced this rifle.
The rifle was due to be replaced as the standard Chinese rifle by the Chiang Kai-shek rifle. However, manufacture of the new rifle never managed to match demand, and the Type 88 continued to be manufactured and to equip the National Revolutionary Army during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[1]
History
This firearm was a rifle directly patterned on the German
Japanese forces in China captured large amounts of Hanyang 88s and issued them to second-line units and collaborationist Chinese troops.[7] It was also used by the Chinese Communists, who not only used it during the same time period, but also during the Korean War.[8] Some were reportedly supplied to the Viet Minh.[9]
Production of the rifle ceased in 1944, 1.1 million rifles having been produced.[10]
Initially manufactured at Hanyang Arsenal, production was moved to the 21st Arsenal in Chongqing after Wuhan fell to Japanese forces in 1938. Further production halted when the Chiang Kai-Shek rifle was instead being produced in 1944.[11]
When the rifles were used by the People's Liberation Army, they were either used by militia forces or were used as training/drill rifles.[12]
As part of the
Design
The Hanyang 88 was essentially a copy of the
The main advantage of this kind of loading mechanism was that it allowed the user to reload very quickly. The disadvantages, however, were that the hole in the magazine could allow dirt to get in, thus possibly causing reliability issues.[12]
In 1904, the rifle's design was changed to remove the barrel shroud and more wood placed on it to protect the person's hands from being burned.[5] Other changes included the rear sight based on the Kar98.[12]
Although the 5-round en-bloc clips of Hanyang 88 can accept the new round,
The Hanyang 88 also had a carbine variant, which was shorter and lighter, albeit with inferior accuracy and range, similarly to the Gewehr 1891 carbine and a short rifle variant.[11]
Performance
The Hanyang 88 was originally chambered for the German round-nose 7.92×57mm I round. By World War I, this round had already become obsolete.[16] Nevertheless, it was the most numerous rifle used by the Chinese National Revolutionary Army in their engagements with the Japanese during the Second Sino-Japanese War.[11]
Users
- Afghanistan: Used by the Afghan mujahideen[2]
- Qing Dynasty: Known to be used in the Boxer Rebellion.[1]
- Republic of China: Used by various Warlords and the NRA.[1][17]
- People's Republic of China: Used by the PLA before they were phased out.[18]
- Empire of Japan: Some used by second line units.[1]
- Some Hanyang 88s used by Collaborationist Chinese Army forces.[7][19]
- Manchukuo: Used by second-line units of the Manchukuo Imperial Army[20]
- North Vietnam: Some supplied covertly to Viet Minh forces.[9]
See also
- Sino-German cooperation
- Chiang Kai-shek rifle - Another Chinese-made rifle used in World War II.
- Mauser Model 1907 rifle - rifle that failed to replace the Hanyang 88
References
- ^ a b c d e "Chinese Hanyang 88 Rifle | Collectors Weekly". www.collectorsweekly.com. Archived from the original on October 7, 2022.
- ^ ISBN 0-7603-1322-9.
We had one RPG-7 with three rounds, two Kalashnikovs, and some Marko Chinese bolt-action rifles. [Footnote:] Marko is the Chinese copy of the German M-88 Mauser.
- ^ "Visitor information" (PDF). www.weekinchina.com. 2018. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-04-03. Retrieved 2020-12-24.
- ^ "Rifle Gew.88 ("Gewehr modell 1888") or "Komissiongewehr" (Commission rifle) (Germany)". Modern Firearms. July 27, 2012.
- ^ a b c "汉阳兵工厂的历史". March 3, 2016. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
- ISBN 1855326655.
- ^ Shotgun News. Archived from the originalon April 17, 2022.
- ISBN 1-84013-476-3.
- ^ ISBN 9781526708007.
- ^ Ness & Shih 2016, p. 249.
- ^ a b c Ness & Shih 2016, p. 248.
- ^ a b c "Rifle: Chinese Hanyang Type 88 - C&Rsenal : : C&Rsenal". April 3, 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03.
- ^ "Blast from the past: Chinese Hanyang 88". The Loadout Room. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019.
- ^ "Hanyang 88: A Piece of Weapon History". April 3, 2019. Archived from the original on 2019-04-03.
- ^ "痛饮鬼子血之百战老枪汉阳造 - 一氧化碳不多的日志 - 网易博客". Archived from the original on 2012-05-01. Retrieved 2012-11-19.
- ^ Ness & Shih 2016, p. 261.
- ISBN 978-1841769042.
- ^ A Visual History of Soldiers and Armies Around the World by Alberto Moreno de la Fuente, page 79.
- ^ Jowett 2004, pp. 48, 75.
- ISBN 9781906033781.
- Ness, Leland; Shih, Bin (July 2016). Kangzhan: Guide to Chinese Ground Forces 1937–45. Helion & Company. ISBN 9781910294420.