Harry Hammond Hess

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Harry Hammond Hess
Penrose Medal (1966)
Scientific career
FieldsGeology
ThesisHydrothermal metamorphism of an ultrabasic intrusive at Schuyler, Virginia (1932)
Doctoral advisorArthur Francis Buddington
Doctoral studentsEugene Merle Shoemaker[1]
John Tuzo Wilson[2]
Ronald Oxburgh

Harry Hammond Hess (May 24, 1906 – August 25, 1969) was an American

serpentinized peridotite, suggesting that the convection in the Earth's mantle
is the driving force behind this process.

Early life and education

Harry Hammond Hess was born on May 24, 1906, in New York City to Julian S. Hess, a member of the New York Stock Exchange, and Elizabeth Engel Hess. He attended Asbury Park High School in Asbury Park, New Jersey. In 1923, he entered Yale University, where he intended to study electrical engineering but ended up graduating with a Bachelor of Science degree in geology. Hess failed his first time taking mineralogy at Yale and was told he had no future in the field.[3] Despite this, he continued with his degree and was teaching geology at Princeton when World War II was declared.[4] He spent two years as an exploration geologist in Northern Rhodesia. In 1934 he married Annette Burns.[5]

Teaching career

Harry Hess taught for one year (1932–1933) at

Washington, D. C., before joining the faculty of Princeton University in 1934. Hess remained at Princeton for the rest of his career and served as Geology Department Chairman from 1950 to 1966. He was a visiting professor at the University of Cape Town, South Africa (1949–1950), and the University of Cambridge, England
(1965).

The Navy-Princeton gravity expedition to the West Indies in 1932

Hess accompanied

U.S. Navy Hydrographic Office in The Navy-Princeton gravity expedition to the West Indies in 1932.[7][8]

Military and war career

Hess joined the

echo sounder. This unplanned wartime scientific surveying enabled Hess to collect ocean floor profiles across the North Pacific Ocean, resulting in the discovery of flat-topped submarine volcanoes, which he termed guyots, after the 19th-century geographer Arnold Henry Guyot. After the war, he remained in the Naval Reserve, rising to the rank of rear admiral
.

Scientific discoveries

In 1960, Hess made his single most important contribution, which is regarded as part of the major advance in geologic science of the 20th century. In a widely circulated report to the

deep sea drilling
.

Accolades and affiliations

Hess was elected to the United States

Penrose Medal in 1966.[16] In 1968, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.[17]

Death

Grave at Arlington National Cemetery

Hess died from a

National Academy of Sciences. He was buried at Arlington National Cemetery
and was posthumously awarded the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Distinguished Public Service Award.

The Harry H. Hess Medal

The American Geophysical Union established the Harry H. Hess medal in his memory in 1984 to "honor outstanding achievements in research of the constitution and evolution of Earth and sister planets."[18][19][20]

Past recipients

Source:[21]

Selected publications

References

  1. ^ Chemistry Tree profile Harry Hammond Hess
  2. ^ "J Tuzo Wilson". Virtual Geoscience Center. Society of Exploration Geophysics. Archived from the original on 2010-07-15.
  3. ^ "Harry Hess: One of the Discoverers of Seafloor Spreading". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  4. ^ "Harry Hess: One of the Discoverers of Seafloor Spreading". American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved November 13, 2023.
  5. ^ Menard, Henry William. The Ocean of Truth: A Personal History of Global Tectonics, p. 108. Accessed June 5, 2020. "In 1923 Harry went from Asbury Park High School in New Jersey to Yale, where he initially majored in electrical engineering."
  6. ISBN 978-1591142218
    .
  7. ^ Collins, Elmer Beauchamp; Hess, Harry Hammond; Brown, Thomas Townsend (1933). The Navy-Princeton Gravity Expedition to the West Indies in 1932. U.S. Government Printing Office.
  8. ^ "The Navy-Princeton gravity expedition to the West Indies in 1932 (catalog entry)". Smithsonian Institution Research Information System.
  9. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1959)70[291:SMITAO]2.0.CO;2
    .
  10. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican1060-98
    .
  11. ^ Wilson, J. Tuzo (December 1968). "A Revolution in Earth Science". Geotimes. 13 (10). Washington DC: 10–16.
  12. ^ Hess, H. H. (November 1, 1962). "History of Ocean Basins" (PDF). In A. E. J. Engel; Harold L. James; B. F. Leonard (eds.). Petrologic studies: a volume in honor of A. F. Buddington. Boulder, CO: Geological Society of America. pp. 599–620.
  13. ^ "In Appreciation of Harry Hammond Hess by Scott McVay". Princeton Alumni Weekly. Princeton University Press. October 28, 1969. pp. 10–11, 16–17.
  14. ^ "Harry Hess". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  15. ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  16. ISBN 0-8137-1155-X
    .
  17. ^ "Harry Hammond Hess". American Academy of Arts & Sciences. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
  18. ^ "Harry H. Hess Medal". American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 12 December 2009.
  19. ^ "Hess, Harry Hammond. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. New York Academy of Sciences, Timothy M. Kusky.
  20. ^ "Hess, Harry", Encyclopedia of Earth and Space Science, p. 375.
  21. ^ "Harry H. Hess Medal". American Geophysical Union. Retrieved 29 August 2020.
  22. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-07-07. Retrieved 2015-12-23.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  23. ^ "Michael John O'Hara was Awarded the 2007 Harry H. Hess Medal" Archived 2015-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. ciw.edu.
  24. doi:10.1029/2008EO040003
    .
  25. ^ "Professor David Walker Awarded Harry H. Hess Medal | Earth and Environmental Sciences" Archived 2015-12-24 at the Wayback Machine. columbia.edu.
  26. ^ "NLSI Scientists Receive Career Awards". nasa.gov.
  27. ^ "Congratulations to Prof Bernie Wood on being awarded the Harry H Hess Medal of the American Geophysical Union. – University of Oxford Department of Earth Sciences" Archived 2013-09-19 at the Wayback Machine. ox.ac.uk.
  28. ^ "Claude P. Jaupart |".
  29. ^ "Alex Halliday Receives 2016 Harry H. Hess Medal". 23 December 2016.
  30. ^ "American Geophysical Union Announces Recipients of the 2017 Union Medals, Awards and Prizes".
  31. ^ "Timothy L. Grove Receives 2018 Harry H. Hess Medal". 27 December 2018.
  32. ^ "Announcing the 2020 AGU Union Medal, Award, and Prize Recipients". 11 November 2020.

Further reading

External links

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