Hausa–Fulani

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Hausa-Fulani
Regions with significant populations
Nigeria
Languages
Hausa • Fula
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Other Hausa and Fulani

Hausa–Fulani are people of mixed Hausa and Fulani origin.[1] They are primarily found in the Northern region of Nigeria, most of whom speak a variant of Hausa or Fula or both as their first language.

While some Fulani claim

Zamfara, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, and Sokoto
.

Hausa–Fulanis primarily speak variants of

mutually intelligible regional varieties. Hausa is spoken by over 100 to 150 million people across Africa, making it the most spoken Indigenous African language and the 11th most spoken language in the world.[4] Since the Trans-Saharan trade, Hausa is used as a lingua franca spanning from Agadez deep in the Sahara Desert of Niger to Northern Nigeria, and has many loanwords from Arabic. For centuries, it utilized an Ajami script which served as the basis of the language scholarly tradition. The script was replaced with the Latin orthography of the Boko alphabets, after the British conquered the Sokoto Caliphate
.

Historical perspective

Further information:
Europeans until the 19th century to refer to the inner poorly explored area north of the region of Guinea: consisting of the Slave Coast, Gold Coast, Grain Coast in West Africa.[5]

Since the populations were partially affiliated with the Arab

Muslim culture of North Africa, they started to trade and be referred to by the Arabic speakers as Al-Sudan (meaning "The Blacks") as they were considered an extended part of the Muslim world. There are early historical references by medieval Arab and Muslim historians and geographers which to refer to the Kanem-Bornu Empire as the region's major centre for Islamic civilization. It is likely that the medieval Hausa Kingdoms formed trading ties with the Bornu Empire, which became increasingly wealthy as the main African transshipment centre for the trans-Saharan slave trade. Hausa rulers also likely provided Sudanic peoples as a tributary
to the Bornu Empire in order to avert war with the Empire.

The Sudan was gradually fulanised with the spread of Islam from the 7th century AD, when the liturgical language Arabic was first brought to the Sudan via Bornu. Until this point, the Fulani, a nomadic ethnic group primarily traversed the semi-desert Sahelian region, north of the Sudan, with cattle and avoided trade and intermingling with the Sudanic peoples. Fulanisation was at least partly strengthened in the rural areas in the early 16th century with the emigration of the settled Dambazawa wealthy trading clan from Bornu.

The

Hausa Bakwai) of: Daura, Hadeija, Kano, Katsina, Zazzau, Rano, and Gobir
, leading to the mass education and promotion of Hausa language and culture through schools and later mass media, during the 20th century by the British.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Hausa-Fulani". rpl.hds.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  2. ^ Bekada A, Fregel R, Cabrera VM, Larruga JM, Pestano J, et al. (2013) Introducing the Algerian Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Profiles into the North African Landscape. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56775. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056775
  3. ^ Bosch, Elena et al. "Genetic structure of north-west Africa revealed by STR analysis." European Journal of Human Genetics (2000) 8, 360–366. Pg. 365
  4. ^ "Full List: Hausa Is World's 11th Most Spoken Language ⋆". '. 2018-02-04. Retrieved 2020-05-26.
  5. ^ "Mercator's Chart. - David Rumsey Historical Map Collection". www.davidrumsey.com. Retrieved 2020-05-26.


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