History of Bandung
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Bandung is a city in the western part of Java island in Indonesia. Beside its own city administration, Bandung also serves as the capital of the West Java province.
Early settlement
Although the oldest written historical reference to the
The ruin of Bojongmenje temple was discovered in Rancaekek area, Bandung Regency, east of Bandung city. The temple is estimated to be dated from early 7th century CE, around the same period — or even earlier, than Dieng temples of Central Java.[5]
Not far from Bojongmenje temples, the statue of Hindu god Shiva Mahadeva was discovered in Cibodas village, Cicalengka Subdistrict, Bandung Regency, West Java. The style of the Hindu statue estimated dated from circa 8th to 9th Century CE possibly from the Sunda Kingdom period. The artifact inventory number is 46, now is the collection of National Museum of Indonesia, Jakarta.
Dutch Colonial Period
During the 17th and 18th centuries, the Dutch East Indies company (VOC) established a small plantation area in the fertile and prosperous Bandung area. A supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was built in 1786.
In 1809,
Local folklore has it that when Daendels was walking along the edge of Cikapundung river, he was amazed by a site he found. He then put a stick at the edge of the
The fast growth of Bandung started from the area around the
It started in 1914 with the Department of War, followed in 1921 by the Department of Roads and Transportation. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality) and then later as stadsgemeente (city municipality) in 1926. From 1906 to 1949, Bandung grew from a medium-sized town with 38.000 inhabitants to the third City in
Bandung's location, in a low area between two mountainous regions, is strategically advantageous for military defense. In the 1930s, the Dutch East Indies government had planned to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung, and built military barracks, a building housing the colonial Department of State-Owned Enterprises (Department van Gouvernmentsbedrijven, nicknamed Gedung Sate), and several others. This plan did not come to fruition following the failure of the Dutch to reclaim Indonesia after World War II.
Growth of plantation areas
The fertile area of the Parahyangan mountains surrounding Bandung allowed for productive tea plantations. In the 19th century, cinchona plants, and therefore quinine, were introduced by Franz Junghuhn.[12] The old quinine factory (originally incorporated as N.V. Bandoengsche Kininefabriek) still exists in the city.
Bandung then developed itself into an exclusive European resort with hotels, cafes and shops.
Struggle for Independence
Bandung was decided as the provincial capital of West Java, after the independence.
Since October 1945, there had been several extreme
Prior to the Dutch Politionele acties ("police action"), there was an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave, given by the British military command, that temporarily (before the Dutch came back) tried to restore order. As for the answer, on March 24, 1946, the southern part of Bandung was deliberately burned down as they were leaving. This event is known as Bandung Lautan Api or "Bandung as the sea of flame".[13] A heroic song "Halo-halo Bandung" was sung along by these hundreds of patriots.
During the evacuation process of March 1946, a member of Indonesian militia
After overpowering the guards, he put the dynamite in several warehouses full of ammunition. He then committed suicide by igniting the dynamite. The massive explosion killed him and several Dutch, Japanese troops in the area. The explosion created a small lake ("situ") in Dayeuh Kolot. The main street in the area is called "Mohammad Toha Street".
Independence
On January 23, 1950, a rebel group called the Just King Armed Forces (
In 1955, the first
After being
On May 10, 1963, a minor traffic accident (collision between 2 motorcycles) occurred in the campus of Bandung Institute of Technology. Two ITB students were involved in this accident: an ethnic Chinese student and an Indonesian student. The traffic accident turned into a racial brawl on the basketball field. The leaders of "Dewan Mahasiswa" (DM)/student council at ITB such as Muslimin Nasution (later becoming a government minister),
On September 30, 1965, there was a failed
On September 6, 1970 there was a football match between ITB students and cadets from Military academy. The game ended in a riot and brawl. Rene L. Conrad, an ITB student, was kidnapped and murdered by the Military cadets.[citation needed] Unfortunately the case remain unsolved today.
In 1976, Doctor Habibie (later becoming Indonesian President) established a state owned, aircraft manufacturing company called Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara (IPTN). Later this company was renamed into PT Dirgantara Indonesia (PT DI).
In 1978, after a People Consultative Assembly session in Jakarta, there were demonstrations against the re-election of President Soeharto by ITB students. Police disbanded the "Dewan Mahasiswa" (Student council) movement in ITB and the leaders were arrested. The university was closed for 3 months and the new Minister of Education announced "Normalization of University Life" (NKK) to quell the student movement.
On March 11, 1981, an extreme Moslem group called "Jamaah Imron" attacked Cicendo police station in Bandung. The movement was quashed by Indonesian police, but several members escaped to Medan, North Sumatra and hijacked Garuda airplane to Bangkok 2 weeks later. The passengers and crews were rescued by Indonesian special force in the Don Muang airport, Bangkok, Thailand. The pilot and a soldier were shot death during the rescue attempt.
From April 5, 1982 to January 8, 1983, there were several eruptions at Mt Galunggung in Tasikmalaya and Bandung was buried in several inches of ash.
21st century
On December 24, 2000, there were bomb attacks against churches in Bandung. The bombs exploded prematurely and the perpetrators were arrested.
On February 21, 2005, a
Today, Bandung has grown beyond its city core with the Bandung Raya plan. Traffic in Bandung is infamous with its complex, congested and chaotic nature.
References
- ^ R.Teja Wulan (9 October 2010). "Prasasti Bertuliskan Huruf Sunda Kuno Ditemukan di Bandung". VOA Indonesia (in Indonesian).
- ^ Oris Riswan (1 March 2014). "Tulang jari di Goa Pawon berumur 9.500 tahun lebih". Sindo News (in Indonesian).
- ^ a b c "An Extremely Brief Urban History of Bandung". Institute of Indonesian Architectural Historian. Retrieved 2006-08-20.
- ^ Brahmantyo, B.; Yulianto, E.; Sudjatmiko (2001). "On the geomorphological development of Pawon Cave, west of Bandung, and the evidence finding of prehistoric dwelling cave". JTM. Archived from the original on October 21, 2009. Retrieved 2008-08-21.
- ^ "Candi Bojongmenje". Perpustakaan Nasional Indonesia (in Indonesian).
- ^ "Pramoedya sheds light on dark side of Daendels highway". The Jakarta Post. 2006-01-08.
- ^ Peter .J.M Nas; Pratiwo (2001). "Java and De Groote Postweg, La Grande Route, The High Military Road" (PDF). University of Leiden. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-27.
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(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Old Buildings in Bandung Then and Now" (in Indonesian). Bandung Heritage Society. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- ^ Kunto, Haryanto (1984). Wajah Bandung Tempoe Doeloe. Granesia.
- ^ a b Soemardi, Ahmad R.; Radjawali, I (2004). "Creative culture and urban planning:The Bandung Experience" (PDF). The 11th International Planning History Conference 2004. Retrieved 2006-08-21.[permanent dead link]
- ^ Passchier, Cor. Bandung - A short history on Urban and architectural development (PDF).
- ^ "If Only Junghuhn Knows How Cinchona in Indonesia Becomes..." (in Indonesian). Pikiran Rakyat. 2004-06-07. Archived from the original on 2006-05-17. Retrieved 2006-08-21.
- ^ Sitaresmi, Ratnayu. "Social History of Bandung Lautan Api (Bandung Sea of Fire) 24 March 1946" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 3 June 2017. Retrieved 2008-08-22.
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(help) - ^ "Traffic jams ruin Bandung getaway weekend". The Jakarta Post. 2006-08-22. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26.
- ^ "Trading and Promising Services of Bandung". Kompas (in Indonesian). 2004-08-18. Archived from the original on 2007-09-26. Retrieved 2006-08-22.