House of the Huangcheng Chancellor
House of the Huangcheng Chancellor | ||
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Hanyu Pinyin Guīchéng | | |
Wade–Giles | Kuei Ch'êng |
The House of the Huangcheng Chancellor, also known by its Chinese name, Huangcheng Xiangfu,
It has been called the "greatest cultural residence in North China".
History
The Chen family in Shanxi began erecting buildings on Phoenix Hill overlooking the
The property was encastellated for Chen Changyan in 1633.[11] The fortifications served to protect the household and its attendant villagers from unrest during the reign of the Chongzhen Emperor.[12] This "inner city" (内城, Nèichéng)[13] runs along a north–south axis along the side of the hill, facing downhill toward the west.[6]
The compound was expanded in 1703 for Chen Tingjing, tutor to the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing and the chief editor of the Kangxi Dictionary.[11] His "outer city" (外城, Wàichéng) lies on flat ground against the entrance to the upper section of the estate, facing south toward the warehouses and shops lining the Street of Ancient Culture.[6] Supposedly, the grand nature of the finished complex drew charges of disloyalty and imperial pretensions from Chen's political opponents, but he claimed to have established it to please his mother, who wished to see Beijing, but was too frail to complete the journey.[6][14] In any case, the Kangxi Emperor visited the location twice, praising it and its owner, who never fell from his favor.
The site was damaged during the
Architecture
The walls have nine gates and enclose 19 gardens and 640 rooms.[11] In its present form, almost all of the structures are organized in the siheyuan style, with most buildings opening onto enclosed and interconnected courtyards.[12]
The Shideyuan[b] (世德院, Shìdéyuàn; 1505 x 1521) encloses three lofty rooms on the hilltop,[8] now at the southeast corner of the "inner city".[18] It was the site of Chen Tingjing's birth in 1638.[8] The yard to its rear is flanked to the north by the Zhongyi and to the south by the Yongkun. Both are composed of a three-story main building with two-story wing buildings extending forward at each side.[18]
Rongshan's House (
The Clan Temple
The Tower of Rivers and Mountains
The Villa of the Golden Mean
The House of the Academician (
The Studying Rooms
The Zhiyuan Garden (
The Stone Portal (
The Tower of Imperial Handwriting (
Other areas of the estate include the Douzhuju Residence
Performances
The estate holds a ceremony imitating those held to welcome the Kangxi Emperor.[7]
Museums
The Inspector's House (御史府, Yùshǐfǔ) was originally the home of Chen Changyan, an uncle of Chen Tingjing, who served as the imperial inspector for Zhejiang. It is now used as a museum to describe Yangcheng County's history of iron casting.[45]
The complex now also houses the Chinese Dictionary Museum (
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Erya Yi
-
The Erya Yintu
-
The Erya Zhushu
-
The Guangyun rhyming dictionary
-
An annotated Japanese edition of the Kangxi Dictionary
-
The Liushu Tongshi
-
The Shuowen Jiezi
-
The Wujing Wenzi
-
Mei Yingzuo's Zihui
-
The Zilei Biaoyun
In popular culture
Ten movies or television shows have been produced at the mansion since its reopening in 1998, including the 2001 CCTV drama Kangxi Dynasty.[1]
See also
- List of AAAAA-rated tourist attractions in the People's Republic of China
- Shanxi Courtyard Houses
Notes
- ^ Also known as the "Premier's Mansion",[1] "Royal Residence of the Premier",[2] the "Royal Prime Minister's Palace",[3] and the "House of the Chancellor at Huangcheng".[4]
- ^ Also known as the "Shide Courtyard".[18]
- ^ Also known as the "Chen Ancestral Hall"[15] and the "Patriarch Temple".[7]
- ^ Also known as the "Heshan Tower".[21]
- ^ Also known as the "Zhongdao Villa".[7]
- ^ The English article on the villa gives the mistaken date "1429".[25]
- ^ Also known as the "House of the Grand Scholar",[23] "Grand Secretary",[7] or "Minister of Personnel".[23]
- ^ Also known as the "South Academy".[7]
- ^ The English article mistakenly identifies the Zhiyuan Garden as the West Garden.[30]
- ^ Also known as the "Spring and Autumn Pavilion".[15]
- ^ The English article mistakenly identifies the Qilin Yard as the Wanghe Pavilion.[39]
- ^ Also known as the "Ladies' Yard".[7]
- ^ Also known as the "Mu Garden".[7]
References
Citations
- ^ a b c "Premier's Mansion", Welcome to Shanxi, China, Beijing: China Daily Information Co., 12 July 2012, archived from the original on 30 November 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ a b "Oldest Kang Xi Dictionary on Display in Shanxi", Welcome to Shanxi, China, Beijing: China Daily Information Co., 29 May 2014, archived from the original on 30 November 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ "Royal Prime Minister's Palace", Scenic Spots, Taiyuan: Shanxi Provincial Tourism Bureau, 2012, archived from the original on 18 July 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ Official site (2014), "Contact Us".
- ^ Official site (2014), "About".
- ^ a b c d e Wang (2016), p. 75.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "House of the Huangcheng Chancellor", Travel China Guide, Xi'an: Xi'an Marco Polo Int'l Travel Service, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ a b c Official site (2014), "Shideyuan".
- ^ "Huangcheng Premier's Mansion", Welcome to Shanxi, China, Beijing: China Daily Information Co., 9 July 2012, archived from the original on 30 November 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ a b "Huang Cheng Xiang Fu of Shangxi", Awesome Retirement, WordPress, 25 September 2017.
- ^ a b c d "House of the Huangcheng Chancellor in China's Shanxi", China.org, Beijing: China Internet Information Center, 11 June 2015.
- ^ a b Wang (2016), p. 80.
- ^ Official site (2014), "斗筑居". (in Chinese)
- ^ "皇城相府", Scenic Spots, Taiyuan: Shanxi Provincial Tourism Bureau, 2012, archived from the original on 18 July 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017. (in Chinese)
- ^ a b c d Ma Fangji; et al. (16 June 2016), "Huang Cheng Xiang Fu Looking for Development", Italy in Wuhan, WordPress.
- ^ "5A级景区", Official site, Beijing: China National Tourism Administration, 7 November 2017, archived from the original on 5 September 2008, retrieved 23 November 2017. (in Chinese)
- ^ "Top 10 Attractions in Shanxi", Welcome to Shanxi, China, Beijing: China Daily Information Co., 8 October 2012, archived from the original on 30 November 2017, retrieved 23 November 2017.
- ^ a b c d e Wang (2016), p. 81.
- ^ Official site (2014), "Rongshan's House".
- ^ Official site (2014), "The Clan Temple" & "The Clan Temple".
- ^ a b c d Wang (2016), p. 79.
- ^ Official site (2014), "Tower of Rivers and Mountains".
- ^ a b c d e f Wang (2016), p. 78.
- ^ a b Official site (2014), "中道庄". (in Chinese)
- ^ Official site (2014), "Villa of the Golden Mean".
- ^ a b Official site (2014), "大学士第". (in Chinese)
- ^ a b Official site (2014), "House of the Academician".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Studying Rooms".
- ^ Official site (2014), "止园". (in Chinese)
- ^ a b Official site (2014), "West Garden".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Stone Portal".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Tower of Imperial Handwriting".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Douzhuju Residence".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Wenchang Tower".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Chunqiu Tower of General Guan".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Xishanyuan Courtyard".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Cave of Fighters".
- ^ Official site (2014), "麒麟院". (in Chinese)
- ^ Official site (2014), "Wanghe Pavilion".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Wanghe Pavilion".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Yard of Young Ladies".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Ziyunqian Graveyard".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Housekeepers' Yard".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Street of Ancient Culture".
- ^ Official site (2014), "Inspector's House".
- ^ a b Official site (2014), "Dictionary Museum".
Bibliography
- House of the Huangcheng Chancellor, Beiliu: Tourist Zone of the House of the Chancellor at Huangcheng, 2014. (in Chinese) &
- Wang Fang (2016), "Residence of the Huangcheng Chancellor: Defensive Fortifications of an Official Residential Complex", Geo-Architecture and Landscape in China's Geographic and Historic Context, Vol. 2: Geo-Architecture Inhabiting the Universe, Singapore: Springer Science+Business Media, pp. 73–83, ISBN 9789811004865.
External links
- A diagram of the layout of the complex, from Wang's paper, after an original by Yang Jing.
- Drone photos of the inner city