Hypouricemia

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Not to be confused with Hyperuricemia.
Hypouricemia
Uric acid
SpecialtyEndocrinology Edit this on Wikidata

Hypouricemia or hypouricaemia is a level of

sign
of a medical condition.

Presentation

Complications

Although normally benign,

free radical damage.[5]

Causes

Hypouricemia is often

benign and not a medical condition, but it is a useful medical sign. It is known occasionally to result in a decreased ability to concentrate urine due to decreased hypertonicity of the renal medulla, and may contribute to hypotension when other risk factors are present. Hypotonicity of the renal medulla is considered normal in the fetus and in infants due to hypouricemia caused by low protein intake. [6] Hypouricemia is usually due to drugs and toxic agents, sometimes to diet or genetics, and, rarely, suggests an underlying medical condition.[citation needed
]

Medication

The majority of drugs that contribute to hypouricemia are uricosuric drugs that increase the excretion of uric acid from the blood into the urine.[7] Others include drugs that reduce the production of uric acid: xanthine oxidase inhibitors, urate oxidase (rasburicase), and sevelamer.[8]

Diet

Hypouricemia is common in

L (2.7 mg/dL).[10] While a vegetarian diet is typically seen as beneficial with respect to conditions such as gout,[10] it may be associated with some other health conditions.[citation needed
]

Transient hypouricemia sometimes is produced by

total parenteral nutrition.[11] Paradoxically, total parenteral nutrition may produce hypouricemia followed shortly by acute gout, a condition normally associated with hyperuricemia.[12][13]
The reasons for this are unclear.

Genetics

Two kinds of

genetic mutations are known to cause hypouricemia: mutations causing xanthine oxidase deficiency, which reduces the production of uric acid; and mutations causing abnormal kidney function that increases the excretion of uric acid. Collectively known as familial renal hypouricemia, the latter mutations are of two types, involving defects of presecretory and postsecretory reabsorption.[citation needed
]

A genetic mutation in

Dalmatian dogs causes hypouricemia due to a kidney defect that interferes with reabsorption of uric acid. A similar mutation has been reported in a human brother and sister.[14]

In humans, loss-of-function mutations in the gene

URAT1 are associated with presecretory reabsorption defects.[15][16][17]

Medical conditions

Medical conditions that can cause hypouricemia include:

Diagnosis

Uric acid clearance should also be performed, increase in clearance points to proximal tubular defects in the kidney, normal or reduced clearance points to a defect in xanthine oxidase.[citation needed]

Treatment

nephrolithiasis, the hyperuricosuria may require treatment.[20]

Drugs and dietary supplements that may be helpful

Prevalence

In one study, hypouricemia was found in 4.8% of hospitalized women and 6.5% of hospitalized men. (The definition was less than 0.14 mmol/L for women and less than 0.20 mmol/L in men.) [21]

See also

References

  1. PMID 16498814
    .
  2. PMID 12862209
    .
  3. PMID 15150354
    .
  4. PMID 19092327
    .
  5. PMID 23105835
    .
  6. ^ Chevalier, Robert. "Fetal and Neonatal Physiology (Fourth Edition), 2011". Science Direct. Retrieved 7 December 2023.
  7. PMID 4683752
    .
  8. PMID 15641045
    .
  9. S2CID 25531908
    .
  10. ^
    PMID 15474873
    .
  11. PMID 6795918
    .
  12. PMID 12672211
    .
  13. PMID 3123676
    .
  14. PMID 5054729
    .
  15. S2CID 205406749
    .
  16. S2CID 12711324
    .
  17. PMID 15634722
    .
  18. S2CID 7832500
    .
  19. PMID 8648529
    .
  20. PMID 11676906. Archived from the original
    on 2009-03-27. Retrieved 2008-12-25.
  21. PMID 8140400
    .

External links

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