Instituto Antártico Argentino

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Argentine Antarctic Institute
Instituto Antártico Argentino
Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Worship
Websitecancilleria.gob.ar/iaa

The Instituto Antártico Argentino (IAA; English: Argentine Antarctic Institute) is the

Argentine federal agency in charge of orientating, controlling, addressing and performing scientific and technical research and studies in the Antarctic.[1]

Known as

Tierra del Fuego, Antarctica, and South Atlantic Islands
.

This sector overlaps with Chilean and British claims but, under the Antarctic Treaty System, there are no attempts by Argentina or any other country to actually enforce territorial claims in Antarctica.

History

Exploration prior to the IAA

José M. Sobral with Nordenskjöld in the Antarctica, circa 1903

José María Sobral, who is considered in Argentina the father of the Argentine Antarctica and a national hero, began exploration at the end of 1901. In 1903, the Argentine Navy corvette ARA Uruguay commanded by Captain de Corbeta (Lieutenant commander) Julián Irízar successfully rescued the Swedish expedition team of Otto Nordenskjöld. In 1904 the Argentine permanent presence in Antarctica began with the opening of Orcadas Base on Laurie Island. Argentina was the only nation to have an Antarctic base for 40 years until the British built a base on the same islands.

On April 1, 1940, the first radio communication by

radio hams was made between Orcadas Base (LSX) and Buenos Aires
(LU 7 ET).

On February 7, 1942, an amphibious Stearman aircraft embarked on the ARA 1 de Mayo cargo ship made the first Argentine flight over Antarctica.

On December 13, 1947, an Argentine Naval Aviation Douglas DC-4 piloted by Comodoro Gregorio Portillo flew over the Antarctic Circle in a 15 hours and 30 minutes flight.

Formation

Gral. Hernán Pujato, promoter and first director of the Argentine Antarctic Institute

On 17 April 1951,

Jubany
base opened two years later.

DHC-2 Beaver registration IAA-101 in 1957 in Belgrano I station. It was the first airplane of the IAA

In 1958 the United States handed over the Ellsworth Station located in the Weddell Sea. In 1965 the

Argentine military conducted a land military manoeuvre known as Operación 90 in order to reach the South Pole
.

In the winter of 1968 at the request by the British embassy in Buenos Aires, an Argentine Navy Douglas DC-4 successfully delivered medical supplies to the British base EFE where one of its members, James K. Portwirie, was through a medical emergency. However, after a few days, Portwirie's situation worsened, making a rescue necessary. An Argentine Air Force aircraft attempted to reach the base but crashed without casualties. On August 9, in the middle of the Antarctic winter, the Argentine Navy icebreaker ARA General San Martín was sent to rescue Portwirie. The operation was successful, gaining the thanks of the British Antarctic Survey: ‘‘an internal campaign like this was never attempted before in Antarctic History‘‘.[3]

General Belgrano II
. In 1978, the first Antarctic baby,
Fortín Sargento Cabral at the Esperanza Base
.

Twenty-first century

In 2002, the Argentine Navy mounted an internal operation sending the icebreaker

Magdalena Oldendorff
. Even though Irízar failed to break the Oldendorff free, she managed to move it to a safe position and re-supply the ship with food, medicines and medical personnel until the ice melted and the ship could return to open sea.

Almirante Irízar icebreaker, pictured in 2005

In 2003, under the Decree Nº 207/2003 issued by the Executive Power of Argentina, the Instituto Antártico Argentino became a part of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs

On the 2009 summer campaign, the

Teniente Matienzo Base only with women for three months [4][5] although there was an emergency link available with the Bell 212s helicopters stationed at Marambio Base

On 2010 a wind turbine designed and built by Argentine government company CITEDEF was installed on Marambio Base [6]

On 2011, three heavy lift helicopters were deployed in the

Mil Mi 17 helicopters (bought in the same year), and the remaining Chinook from the Argentine Air Force
.

Mission

(Left): Argentina claims sector between meridians 25° West and 74° West; (right): Argentine research bases (red: year-round, green: summer only)

According to the principles of its creation, the Instituto Antártico Argentino participates with its scientific, technical and administrative staff, in a wide range of national and international programmes for a better understanding of the Antarctic. Scientists are trained and deployed on

Global warming and CO2
.

Objectives and projects

IAA research projects cover different areas:

  • Atmospheric Sciences
  • Biological Sciences
  • Earth Sciences
  • Marine Sciences
  • Environmental management
  • Environmental chemistry
  • Social Sciences and Humanities

To carry out these objectives, the Institute trains and prepares specialists who can perform in these areas.

Research areas are decided on the basis of Antarctic issues that are discussed in international forums. Among the topics to which the research is devoted are: global

warming, the thinning of the ozone layer and the study of how it is affected by the use of some gases such as CO2, fluorides, and bromides.

The IAA has a structure divided into six areas:

  • Life Sciences Area
  • Earth Sciences Area
  • Area of Physical, Chemical and Environmental Sciences
  • Scientific Coordination Area
  • Social Sciences, Communication and Difussion Area
  • Administration area

See also

References

  1. ^ "Dirección Nacional del Antártico / Instituto Antártico Argentino". Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores, Comercio Internacional y Culto (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2011-03-03. Retrieved 26 September 2020.
  2. ISBN 0709932391
    .
  3. ^ . Sir Vivian Fuchs, el vencedor del Polo Sur, dijo: "Ruego acepte nuestras sinceras gracias por el rescate del enfermo de nuestra estación en islas argentinas. Una campaña invernal de esta naturaleza resulta sin paralelo en la historia marítima Antártica'. (Despacho R.T de Director del British Antarctic Survey)
  4. ^ "Una base antártica exclusiva para mujeres". Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
  5. ^ "Mujeres en la Antártida". Archived from the original on 2009-08-17. Retrieved 2010-07-11.
  6. ^ DEFENSA INSTALÓ UN GENERADOR DE ENERGÍA EÓLICA EN LA ANTÁRTIDA Archived 2011-11-01 at archive.today

External links

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