Internal exile in Greece
Background
Internal exile has a long history of use by rulers of Greece, and in the early twentieth century was used for opponents of Venizelism, such as monarchists, conservatives or communists.[5] During the National Schism and after the coming of Venizelos in power, in summer 1917, many political opponents (such as the former PM Spyridon Lambros) were put in internal exile.[6]
Exile was preferred to imprisonment on the mainland because the mainland prisons were overcrowded and exile made it easier to monitor the prisoners' correspondence and limit their political influence.
Pangalos regime
In June 1925,
Metaxas regime
Prison camps for political dissidents on barren islands were established by the
Greek Civil War
During and after the
Greek junta
Following the
In October 1974 just before the
Aftermath
The practice of internal exile was abolished in 1974, during the Metapolitefsi.[10] The island of Makronisos has been protected since 1989.[11] Greece is trying to have the island recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, to "preserv[e] the island of exile and its remaining ruins as symbols of the struggle against fascism, and of the human spirits and democracy’s triumph against oppression and dehumanization".[12]
References
- ^ a b c d Papadimitriou, Yanis (11 June 2017). "Yaros, the forgotten prison island". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 14 September 2020.
- S2CID 144654989.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4419-9666-4.
- ^ a b Πικρός, Γιώργης (1978). Καλπάκι, φυλακές - ξερονήσια (το μαρτύριο ενός λαού) (in Greek). Καρανάση.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-134-43682-8.
- ^ Διλήματα της ελληνικής συνταγματικής ιστορίας:20ος αιώνας, Σπύρος Βλαχόπουλος, Ευάνθης Χατζηβασιλείου
- ^ "ΑΘΗΝΑ: Από πραξικόπημα σε πραξικόπημα". historyreport.gr. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ PMID 24480891.
- ^ Times, Steven V. Roberts Special to The New York (24 October 1974). "Papadopoulos Sent Into Island Exile With 4 From Junta". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "'Exiles in the Aegean': a year after the EU–Turkey deal". openDemocracy. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- AMNA. Retrieved 17 September 2020.
- ^ "Greece to submit bid to UNESCO for 'exile island'". Balkans Post. April 2020. Retrieved 17 September 2020.[permanent dead link]