James Crafts

James Crafts
4th President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
In office 1897–1900
Preceded by	Francis Amasa Walker
Succeeded by	Henry Smith Pritchett
Personal details
Born	(1839-03-08)March 8, 1839 Boston, Massachusetts
Died	June 20, 1917(1917-06-20) (aged 78) Ridgefield, Connecticut
Signature

James Mason Crafts (March 8, 1839 – June 20, 1917) was an American chemist, mostly known for developing the Friedel–Crafts alkylation and acylation reactions with Charles Friedel in 1876.^[1][2]

Biography

James Crafts, the son of Royal Altamont Crafts and Marianne Mason (daughter of Senator

It was in Paris that Crafts first met Charles Friedel, with whom he later carried out some of his most successful research. Crafts returned to the United States in 1865. In 1868, he was appointed as the first professor of chemistry at the newly founded Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, where he remained until 1870.

During the following four years Crafts served as professor of chemistry at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), but in 1874 took a leave of absence, joined Friedel in Paris, and devoted himself exclusively to scientific research. Upon his second return to the United States, in 1891, Crafts became professor of organic chemistry at MIT (1892–97), where he also served as president from 1898 to 1900. In 1900, Crafts resigned the presidency, and again turned to the investigation of problems in organic and physical chemistry.

Scientific work

Craft's investigations were largely in the field of organic chemistry, but his name is connected also with many interesting achievements in physics and in physical chemistry. He invented a new hydrogen thermometer; measured the densities of iodine at very high temperatures; demonstrated an interesting regularity in the variation of the boiling points of chemically allied substances with the external pressure; prepared a number of new compounds of the element silicon, which are interesting because of their chemical resemblance to the corresponding compounds of carbon; and also prepared new compounds of arsenic. But his most important achievement was the discovery, jointly with Friedel, of one of the most fruitful synthetic methods in organic chemistry, the Friedel–Crafts reaction.

Hundreds of new

• A chronologically-arranged list of Crafts' papers is in the biographical note of Cross.[8]
• Qualitative Analysis (1869, and several later editions)

References

Further reading

• Ashdown, Avery A. (1928). "James Mason Crafts". Journal of Chemical Education. 5 (8): 911–921.
  doi:10.1021/ed005p911
  .
• Munroe, James Phinney (October 1902). "The Massachusetts Institute of Technology". The New England Magazine. 27: 131–158.
• Richards, Theodore W. (1918). "James Mason Crafts (1839 - 1917)". Daedalus. 53: 801–804.

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
  New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead. {{cite encyclopedia}}: Missing or empty |title= (help
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