James Larratt Battersby

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James Larratt Battersby c. 1930

James Larratt Battersby (5 February 1907

Second World War along with other British fascists. During his detention he came to believe that Adolf Hitler was Christ
returned, and after the war wrote The Holy Book and Testament of Adolf Hitler. He committed suicide by leaping into the paddle wheels of a ferry.

Early life and family

A modern view of Battersby's Hat Works, Stockport, now closed

James Larratt Battersby was born in Stockport in 1907.

German U-boat
, and was the last to be rescued before the ship sank.

In 1935, Battersby married Cynthia Helène Metcalfe (born 1914) at St George's Church, Stockport, and they had four children together.[5]

Fascism

In the 1930s, Battersby was increasingly attracted to fascism and became a district leader in Stockport for Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists (BUF). In August 1934 he spoke at Sale on the position of the Lancashire cotton industry, arguing for protection of the industry from "the men who had financed oriental competition" that threatened the livelihoods of Lancashire men.[6] In October 1934, The Blackshirt reported that he put a "well reasoned argument for Fascism in Britain" at a speech in Manchester, despite being heckled by a group of what the paper called "Reds".[7]

In February 1935, he spoke at Heaton Moor where he "analysed the international capitalist position" and argued that "Lancashire was being sacrificed to the interests that were exploiting backward peoples to choke the Western world with sweated goods".[8] In June 1935 he gave a talk on fascism at a Stockport Sunday school, and he and Mrs Battersby met the children afterwards.[9] As well as his speaking engagements Battersby was also a regular donor of funds to the BUF coffers.[10] As he became more deeply involved, Battersby was eventually forced to resign from the board of Battersby's Hats in August 1939 (he was known as "the mad hatter" in fascist circles[11]) and he left his wife and children to "serve Hitler".[5]

Second World War

Latchmere House in 2012

In June 1940, after the outbreak of the Second World War, Battersby was detained by the British government under the newly introduced Defence Regulation 18B and sent to Camp 020 at Latchmere House, London, with a number of other fascist sympathisers.[12] He wrote a diary of his time there, which was published in 1947 as The Bishop Said Amen: On the Author's Experiences During Detention as a Pacifist, in which he complained that "everything possible was done to agitate, frustrate and torment us".[11]

In his memoirs,

internment camp, where they became close friends.[13]

Battersby was transferred to the Isle of Man, with other fascists, where he met and became a close friend of Captain Thomas Baker MC who professed to believe that Adolf Hitler was Christ returned and conducted religious rituals on that basis. Baker was regarded by the camp authorities as an impostor more interested in the money of his fellow internees than the fascist cause, but Battersby took his views quite seriously and they contributed to his developing religious mania.[14] In June 1943, Battersby was released from detention and appeared before a conscientious objectors tribunal where he offered to broadcast his views to the British nation. The offer was not taken up.[11]

Kingdom House

After the end of the Second World War, Battersby led a religious community which he named the

River, West Sussex, a house donated to them by fascist and wealthy barrister W. G. Barlow.[15] There they held services in front of a special altar, guarded by two large dogs according to Macklin, during which they worshipped Adolf Hitler as Christ returned to rid the world of the Devil.[11][16]

The activities of the group soon attracted the attention of politicians and the press. On 29 November 1945, The Daily Herald reported that a Mr A. Wilson had bought two swastika flags from the sale of the effects of the former German embassy in London and claimed he intended to give them to James Battersby. The Herald's reporter wrote that in residence at Kingdom House were Thomas Baker and his wife, a Mr Schneider (presumably A. J. Schneider[11]), a housekeeper and a young man, but that they hoped to have a self-supporting community of up to 16. Prayers were held morning and evening in a small chapel. The house was an old manor provided by a "wealthy adherent" who lived near Fernhurst, Surrey.[17]

On 4 December 1945, Member of Parliament

Chuter Ede, to put an end to the Kingdom House group due to the feelings of revulsion it had created in the country. Ede replied that he had no power to do so "merely because it was unpopular or ridiculous while its advocates committed no breach of the law."[18] On 8 December 1945, the Daily Mirror reported that the Communist youth paper Komsomolskaya Pravda, in apparent reference to the Kingdom House group, had commented in a Radio Moscow broadcast that "Already a group of people in a certain country has set itself up to create a party to which the name of Hitler is sacred .... This is like giving freedom to spread the germs of the plague." The secretary of the group was reported as replying that they regarded Hitler as a "divine instrument".[19]

On 14 December 1945, an unofficial "raid" was carried out on Kingdom House by persons who remain unknown. It closed soon after. In December 1945, Tom Driberg MP, in reference to the "recent raid", placed a question in the House of Commons to ask whether steps were being taken to "check Fascist provocation"?[20] They already had been.

A "practical Christian"

In 1946, Battersby was back in Stockport. A journal was published, which he edited, titled The Christian Digest and Witness (No. 1 May 1946, No. 2 June 1946) which became The Kingdom Herald from July or September 1946. It incorporated the Stockport Boro' Times and Practical Christian and called itself "The most outspoken journal in Britain".[21] Pamphlets were published under the "Practical Christian" name.

In 1949, Battersby was in South Africa to try to establish a series of Hitler memorial institutes but failed in his endeavours. After his return to the UK, the South African authorities declared him an "undesirable immigrant" to prevent him visiting the country again.[22] In 1950, the cover of Another letter from Sydney noted that the author had just returned to Europe from Australia.[23]

Arrested at the Cenotaph

The Cenotaph unveiling ceremony, 1920.

In 1952, Battersby disrupted the annual two-minute silence at

Cannon Row Police Station. He appeared at Bow Street Magistrates' Court charged with "insulting behaviour" whereby a breach of the peace might be occasioned, and using insulting words.[24][25]

Battersby pleaded not guilty. A police inspector said that Battersby had been arrested for his own safety after the crowd became hostile. He heard shouts of "Cut his throat" and "String him up". Battersby had on him five photographs of Hitler and a programme for the Cenotaph ceremony on which his exclamation was written. He also had

affidavits from three Harley Street doctors dated 1947 to say that he was sane and a copy of his Aryan Testament (1951).[24][25]

Battersby claimed to have spoken out of "the deepest sense of responsibility to God and to my fellow countrymen." He claimed that for 25 years he had been a student of theology, divinity and eschatology and the judgement of which he spoke was nothing to do with one country or another but of the whole world.[24][25] He claimed his actual words were "This is the day of judgement. Take the children out of London. Praise God and the eternal Christ. Heil Hitler", and to have been planning his actions for 12 months.[26] Battersby, whose address was given as York Terrace, Manchester Road, Southport, was remanded in custody for one week and subsequently fined £10 with an alternative of two months imprisonment on the charge of using insulting behaviour. The charge of using insulting words was not dealt with.[24][25]

Death

In 1955, Battersby disappeared from his lodgings in Southport, Lancashire, after writing to a newspaper that: "My work here is complete. I follow the Fuehrer to glory and eternity. Through the sacrifice of the Aryan martyrs our world victory is assured. Heil Hitler."[5][27] He subsequently committed suicide by jumping into the Mersey Ferry's paddles, causing his decapitation.[11]

In former Hull BUF District Leader, John Charnley's autobiography Blackshirts and Roses (Brockingday Publications, London 1990), he wrote several pages relating to his friendship with Battersby, who he described as suffering from

Heil Hitler
and his feelings of sadness, guilt and regret upon hearing of his death.

Battersby's youngest daughter Amanda K. Hale has written a novel about her father entitled Mad Hatter (Guernica Editions 2019) based on his involvement in fascist politics, religion and how his absence and death affected her and her family.[28]

Selected publications

  • Calling 100,000 Christians. An indictment of religious hypocrisy and a plea for practical Christian peace making. J. L. Battersby, Poynton, 1946. ("Practical Christian" Pamphlets)
  • Put Not Your Trust in Riches. Poynton, 1946. ("Practical Christian" Pamphlets)
  • The Bishop Said Amen: On the author's experiences during detention as a pacifist. With a portrait. Kingdom Press, Poynton, 1947.
  • Heirs of the Kingdom. Kingdom Press, Poynton, 1948. (As Larratt Battersby)
  • Another Letter from Sydney. Kingdom Press, Manchester, 1950. (As Larratt Battersby)
  • Aryan Testament: The Holy Book and Testament of Adolf Hitler. On the Legion of Christian Reformers. With portraits. Kingdom Press, Manchester, 1951.
  • The Holy Book of Adolf Hitler. J. L. Battersby for the German World Church in Europe, Southport, 1952.

Notes and references

  1. ^ Cynthia Battersby myheritage.com
  2. ^ Headless Man Is Identified: Was Hitler Disciple (Inquest Story), Liverpool Echo, October 4, 1955. p. 12. Battersby was last seen on the 14th and his body discovered on the 29th
  3. ^ British Library catalogue. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  4. ^ "Mr. James Johnson Battersby". rmslusitania. 9 August 2011. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  5. ^ a b c "Unsolved mystery". The Mirror (Australia). 8 October 1955. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
  6. ^ "Sale hears the fascist policy", The Blackshirt, 10 August 1934, p. 11.
  7. ^ "Blackshirts triumph over Red hooliganism", The Blackshirt, 26 October 1934, p. 10.
  8. ^ "Meeting at Heaton Moor", The Blackshirt, 15 February 1935, p. 9.
  9. ^ "Blackshirt News", The Blackshirt, 14 June 1935.
  10. ^ Robert Benewick, Political Violence and Public order, London: Allan Lane, 1969, p. 199
  11. ^
    ISBN 0198257759
    .
  12. ^ Warburton, John & Jeffrey Wallder. (2008) The Defence Regulation 18B British Union Detainees List. Revised edition. Friends of Oswald Mosley. p. 7.
  13. ^ "It has happened here" by Charlie Watts, Comrade, June/July 1990, pp. 4–5.
  14. ISBN 978-1-84511-284-4
    .
  15. ^ https://www.historytoday.com/miscellanies/british-church-worshipped-hitler "The British Church That Worshipped Hitler", History Today, 11 September 2018
  16. ISBN 9781845112844
    – via Google Books.
  17. ^ "2 Flags but no Hitler Bust", The Daily Herald, 29 November 1945, p. 1. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 17 November 2015. (subscription required)
  18. ^ "Christian Reform League", The North Devon Journal-Herald, 6 December 1945, p. 3. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 17 November 2015. (subscription required)
  19. ^ "Moscow likens Hitler cult to plague germ", Daily Mirror, 8 December 1945, p. 3. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 17 November 2015. (subscription required)
  20. ^ "The Week: Parliament", The Essex Chronicle, 21 December 1945, p. 8. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 17 November 2015. (subscription required)
  21. ^ The Kingdom Herald. Archived 18 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Copac. Retrieved 14 November 2015.
  22. The Citizen
    , 18 October 1949, p. 1. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 16 November 2015. (subscription required)
  23. ^ Battersby, Larratt. (1950) Another letter from Sydney. Manchester: Kingdom Press.
  24. ^ a b c d "Insulting Behaviour at Cenotaph", The Times, 18 November 1952, p. 2.
  25. ^ a b c d "Cenotaph", Evening Express, Aberdeen, 8 November 1952, p. 1. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 16 November 2015. (subscription required)
  26. ^ "Cenotaph Shout of Heil Hitler", Portsmouth Evening News, 10 November 1952, p. 1. British Newspaper Archive. Retrieved 16 November 2015. (subscription required)
  27. ^ According to Simpson it was a suicide note "Through the sacrifice of the Aryan martyr the world victory is assured. Heil Hitler." p. 251.
  28. ^ "MAD HATTER - Detention without trial in WW2 Britain". 26 February 2019.

Further reading

  • Thompson, Keith. (2007) Jim Battersby: British political prisoner. Canterbury: Steven Books.
    ISBN 9781904911623

External links
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