British National Party (1960)
British National Party | |
---|---|
Abbreviation | BNP |
National Front | |
Headquarters | Arnold Leese House, Notting Hill, London |
Newspaper | Combat |
Youth wing | National Youth Movement |
Ideology |
|
Political position | Far-right |
Slogan | "For Race and Nation" |
The British National Party (BNP) was a
Formation
The party was formed in 1960 by the merger of the National Labour Party and the White Defence League (WDL), two political splinter groups from the League of Empire Loyalists pressure group.[2] Both groups had been active in Notting Hill and had been co-operating closely there since the previous year when a merger was agreed. The new group, which was based at Arnold Leese House in Notting Hill (the former home of the Imperial Fascist League leader, used by WDL leader Colin Jordan as his base of operations), adopted the motto "For Race and Nation" and pledged to oppose the "international Jewish-controlled money-lending system" in its founding policy statement.[3] Indeed, so strong was BNP antisemitism that the party advocated the immediate deportation of all Britain's Jews to either Israel or Madagascar, recalling the Madagascar Plan that was briefly considered by Nazi Germany.[1] It also demanded an end to immigration, repatriation of immigrants, and the impeachment of the Conservative government for what the BNP felt to be their complicity in allowing uncontrolled immigration.[4]
The party was led by
Activities
The party's early activities were hamstrung by a lack of money, and so it was restricted to the sort of headline-grabbing that had been the stock-in-trade of the WDL. These included demonstrating at railway stations where immigrant-carrying trains were arriving, holding a counter-demonstration to one organised by the
Elements within the party also expressed support for
Election results
House of Commons
Election year | # of total votes | % of overall vote | # of seats won | Rank |
---|---|---|---|---|
1964 | 3,410 | 0.00% | 0 | 12 |
1966 | 5,182 | 0.00% | 0 | 12 |
Split
The BNP quickly began to break down into arguments and in-fighting began as Bean believed that the open Nazism of Jordan and Tyndall (who had stated that "Hitler was right"[10]) was proving damaging to the Party's image and chances of success. Bean had first raised the issue in 1961 when he almost unseated Jordan from his role as national organiser and in February 1962 he presented a resolution condemning Jordan's open Nazism at a meeting of the national council. The resolution was passed 7 votes to 5 and, after a struggle, the party split with around 80% of the membership backing Bean and the rest, including Tyndall and Pirie, leaving with Jordan to join a new National Socialist Movement.[11] The remaining BNP came under effective control of John Bean, who had previously been limited in his control by the presence of Jordan, as a result of the split.[7]
Opposition
The departure of Jordan and the subsequent arrest of the leaders of the NSM brought a lot of public attention to the far-right in general and the BNP's 1962 summer camp, where a
Bean's BNP
Under the sole control of Bean the party, like most of its contemporaries on the far right, had a severe shortage of money and as early as 1963 an issue of the party journal Combat spoke of possible doom for the BNP if new sources of money were not found.[14] However against this backdrop a new area of local support opened up for the BNP.
Following changes in the local demographics a group of whites set up a Southall Residents Association which, while not specifically anti-immigration, wanted the immigrants already in the area to integrate while stopping further migrants from settling locally. Although this was the official policy some members, notably chairman Arthur Cooney and treasurer Doris Hart, wanted stronger opposition and in the 1963 local elections they nominated two BNP candidates to stand in the Glebe and Hambrough wards. Although neither was elected their votes were respectable, 13.5% in Glebe and 27.5% in Hambrough where the Labour Party lost a normally safe seat to the Conservative Party after a swing from Labour to BNP.[15] Bean saw the potential in this sort of local issue as a springboard to finally building the sort of mass party that he desired and as such he stood as a candidate in Southall in the 1964 general election. Adopting a platform based on ending all "coloured" immigration and offering National Assistance only to immigrants who agreed to accept repatriation Bean secured 9% of the vote, which was at that point the highest ever won by a candidate running on an avowedly racialist ticket.[16] With a "Stop Immigration Now" campaign the party finally enjoyed some comparative success.[7]
However within the political mainstream the major parties began to turn away from the immigration issue and this mood was reflected by the electorate in the 1966 general election with vocal anti-immigration politicians either suffering reduced majorities, as happened to Enoch Powell, or the loss of seats, like Peter Griffiths.[17] This shift in attitudes impacted upon the BNP with Bean's personal vote in Southall falling to 7.4%, a candidate in Deptford winning 7% and a candidate in Smethwick, where much local work had been undertaken by the party, managing only 1.5%.[18]
Under Bean the BNP grew to become the largest political party on the far right and the only one with a comparatively good track record in electoral politics yet its ambitions were consistently hamstrung by a terminal lack of money and increasingly it looked like the future for the BNP lay in working much more closely with other groups.[19]
The National Front
With a new spirit of unity prevalent on the
Sensing that his own presence was putting Chesterton off, due to his own neo-Nazi background, Bean resigned from the BNP Council in September 1966 with his place being taken by Philip Maxwell, who was close to Chesterton. As a result, merger negotiations that began with the LEL soon afterwards were not attended by Bean but rather saw Maxwell and Fountaine present the BNP's case.
References
- ^ a b Fielding 1981, p. 21.
- ^ a b Peter Barberis, John McHugh, Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations: Parties, Groups and Movements of the 20th Century, Continuum International Publishing Group, 2000, p. 177
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 34.
- ^ a b Walker 1977, p. 35.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 60.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 36.
- ^ a b c Barberis et al, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations, p. 178
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 35–36.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 44.
- ^ "Obituary: John Tyndall", Daily Telegraph 20 July 2005
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 36–37.
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 41–42.
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 42–43.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 49.
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 51–52.
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Walker 1977, pp. 55–57.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 57.
- ^ David Boothroyd, The Politico's Guide to the History of British Political Parties, London: Politico's, 2001, p. 21
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 63.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 64.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 65.
- ^ Walker 1977, p. 67.
- Bibliography
- Fielding, Nigel (1981). The National Front. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. ISBN 978-0710005595.
- ISBN 978-0-00-634824-5.