Jiang Baili

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Jiang Baili
蔣百里
General
(posthumously awarded)
Spouse(s)
  • Zha Pinzhen (查品珍)
  • Satō Yato (佐藤屋登)
Relations
In this Chinese name, the family name is Jiang.
Jiang Fangzhen
Hanyu Pinyin
Dànníng
Wade–GilesTan-ning

Jiang Fangzhen (13 October 1882 – 4 November 1938),

Republic of China
.

Life and career under the Qing dynasty

Jiang was born in Xiashi Town,

Qiushi Academy (now Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou,[1] and later to Tsinghua University in 1901. He was recognised as a talent by the provincial officials, who sponsored him to further his studies abroad in Japan at the Tokyo Shinbu Gakko and later the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. During his time in Japan, he joined the Tongmenghui
and became the chief editor of the publication Zhejiang Chao (浙江潮). He also participated in activities organised by Chinese students studying in Japan.

Jiang returned to China in 1906 and briefly served as an adviser to Zhao Erxun, the Governor of Manchuria, before leaving to further his military studies in Germany. In 1910, after returning to China, he was recommended by Liangbi [zh] (1877–1912), a former classmate at the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, to serve as a guandai (管帶; captain) in the Imperial Guards. He was later reassigned to serve in the office of Zhao Erxun again. In 1911, he became the chief adviser of the military training office in Manchuria.

Life during the Warlord Era

See also: Warlord Era

After the

Republic of China. He wrote New Interpretations of Sun Tzu
(孫子新釋) in the following year.

In 1916, after Yuan Shikai declared himself emperor and created the short-lived

Empire of China, Jiang strongly objected to Yuan's decision and fled from Beiping to Guangdong Province. He joined the warlord Cai E in attacking Yuan Shikai and served as the chief adviser of the combined military forces of Guangdong and Guangxi
provinces in the campaign against Yuan, who died later that year. Jiang accompanied Cai E, who was ill, to Japan to seek medical treatment, but Cai still died of illness eventually.

In 1917, Jiang became a consultant in the office of

Fengtian Clique against Feng Guozhang's Zhili clique. He then travelled to Shanghai to join Sun Chuanfang
, but decided to leave after Sun allied with Zhang Zuolin.

Service under the Nationalist government

In 1929,

Mukden Incident broke out. In 1933, Jiang travelled to Japan on a study tour and realised that an impending war
between China and Japan was inevitable. After returning to China, he formulated many defensive strategies and urged the Nationalist government to prepare for war.

In 1935, Jiang was appointed as a high-level consultant in the

Zhang Xueliang
to release Chiang Kai-shek.

In the summer of 1937, Jiang wrote Treatise on National Defence (國防論), in which he proposed that if war broke out between China and Japan, China could not win in the short term, so it should try to wear down Japan over the long term. In September 1937, he was appointed as Chiang Kai-shek's special ambassador on official visits to Germany and Italy. After returning to China, he wrote The Japanese (日本人) and Basic Perspectives on a War of Resistance (抗戰的基本觀念) to explain his views on how China would eventually win in a war against Japan. In August 1938, he was appointed as the acting principal of the Whampoa Military Academy.

He died of illness later that year on 4 November in

general
.

Personal life

Jiang married twice. His first wife was Zha Pinzhen (查品珍). His second wife was Satô Yato (佐藤屋登; 1890–1978), a nurse he met in Japan. He had five children: Jiang Zhao (蔣昭), Jiang Yong (蔣雍), Jiang Ying, Jiang Hua (蔣華) and Jiang He (蔣和). His third daughter, Jiang Ying, became a musician and married the scientist Qian Xuesen. Jiang was also distantly related to the wuxia novelist Louis Cha through his first wife Zha Pinzhen, who was a distant aunt of Cha.

References

  1. ^ 知名人物
  2. ^ Diana Lary. China's Republic, page 63
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