John Savage (soldier)
Boulogne, France | |
---|---|
Buried | The Savage Chapel, St Michael's Church, Macclesfield, England |
Allegiance | ![]() |
Rank | Knight banneret |
Battles/wars | |
Awards | Knight of the Bath |
Spouse(s) |
Dorothy, Lady Savage
(m. 1470) |
Children | Sir John Savage, George Savage (ill.), Alice Savage, Felicia Savage, Ellen Savage, Maud Savage |
Relations |
Sir John Savage,
However, following the death of Edward and the Duke of Gloucester's ascension to the throne as Richard III, the Savage family was viewed with suspicion due to their familial connection to the Stanleys, who were in turn connected to the Tudors. Consequently, Savage was one of the prominent figures who invited Henry Tudor to invade England in 1485, a struggle which culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field. After his victory, Henry Tudor received the circlet of Richard from Savage's uncle, Lord Stanley, and was crowned King of England on the field of battle, taking the throne as Henry VII of England.
The year following his victory at Bosworth, Henry VII sent Savage to arrest Sir Humphrey Stafford and his brother Thomas Stafford, who had risen up against the king in the first major challenge to Henry's reign. Savage led a force to Culham where the two were seeking sanctuary and had them forcibly removed. The brothers were tried and found guilty, Sir Humphrey was executed whilst Thomas was pardoned. This event was notable enough for Pope Innocent VIII to announce a papal bull which established modifications affecting the privilege of sanctuary, significantly limiting its practical use and vindicating the actions taken by Savage on behalf of the King.
Savage later served as one of two main cavalry commanders at the
Savage was a supporter successively of Edward IV of England who appointed him a
Ancestral background and family
Ancestral background and early life
![The coat of arms of the Savage family](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Arms_of_Arnold_Savage_%28d.1375%29.svg/220px-Arms_of_Arnold_Savage_%28d.1375%29.svg.png)
John Savage was born in or around 1444,[1] The Savage family had been established in Cheshire since his great-great-grandfather Sir John Savage (1343–1386) married Margaret d'Anyers, heiress of Clifton and other lands around what later became Rocksavage.[3]
The eldest of ten sons and five daughters, his younger brother,
Family and descendants
Savage married Dorothy, daughter of
Early career, support for Edward IV and intrigue against Richard III
Edward IV's reign
![Oil painting of King Edward IV by an unknown English artist](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/King_Edward_IV.jpg/220px-King_Edward_IV.jpg)
![An oil portrait of King Richard III by an unknown probably English artist](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg/220px-Richard_III_earliest_surviving_portrait.jpg)
John Savage was made a
Richard III's reign
Following the death of Edward, the Duke of Gloucester became the de facto ruler of England, dominating the short rule of his nephew
Support for Henry Tudor (later Henry VII of England)
Henry Tudor's landing in Britain and the Battle of Bosworth Field
![an oil portrait of a young Henry Tudor (not yet Henry VII)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/British_%28English%29_School_-_Henry_VII_%281457%E2%80%931509%29_-_1129171_-_National_Trust.jpg/220px-British_%28English%29_School_-_Henry_VII_%281457%E2%80%931509%29_-_1129171_-_National_Trust.jpg)
Henry landed in Britain around the same time that Savage was declared a traitor, and having avoided capture, Savage at once declared for him, raising a considerable body of troops (under his command as a knight banneret[19]) to aid Henry's cause. Savage joined Henry on his march through Wales and fought for him at Bosworth Field. Savage and his men were originally in the army of his uncles Lord Thomas Stanley and Sir William Stanley, who would hold back whilst deciding which side it would be most advantageous to support.[20] However, before the battle, Savage joined Henry's army along with three other knights; Sir Robert Tunstall, Sir Hugh Persall and Sir Humphrey Stanley, and Savage was placed in command of the left flank of the Tudor forces,[21] where many of his own men fought, wearing the Savage family's distinctive livery of white hoods, as described in the ballad Bosworth Feilde:[22]
- Sir John Savage, that hardy Knight,
- deathes dentes he delt that day
- with many a white hood in fight,
- that sad men were at assay.
and the Ballad of Lady Bessy:[23]
- Sir John Savage, 1500 white hoods,
- for they will fight and never flee
![An oil portrait of the Duke of Norfolk, whom Savage is said to have slain in battle](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/John_Howard%2C_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk.jpg/220px-John_Howard%2C_1st_Duke_of_Norfolk.jpg)
During the course of the battle, Savage is said to have personally slain the Duke of Norfolk in single combat as the Duke was attempting to flee, as well as taking his son, the Earl of Surrey, into custody. This is described in the Ballad of Lady Bessy:[24]
- The Duke of Northfolke wou'd have fledd with a good will
- With twentye thousand of his company,
- They went up to a wind millne upon a hill
- That stood soe fayre and wonderousse hye,
- There he met Sir John Savage, a royall knight,
- And with him a worthy company.
- To the death was he then dight,
- And his son prisoner taken was he
![A drawing portraying the passing of Richard III's crown to Henry Tudor (later Henry VII)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Lord_Stanley_Brings_the_Crown_of_Richard_%28wide%29.jpg/220px-Lord_Stanley_Brings_the_Crown_of_Richard_%28wide%29.jpg)
The battle ended in a decisive victory for the forces of Henry Tudor, where Savage commanded the left flank to victory. His uncle, Sir William Stanley, seeing King Richard separated from the bulk of his force and headed for Henry, led his men into battle against Richard, surrounding and killing the King as his army fled.[25] Savage's other uncle, Lord Stanley, was unable to commit his forces as Richard still had his son, Lord Strange, held as a hostage. Richard had sent Stanley a message threatening to execute Strange if he did not commit his troops to the battle, Stanley had rebutted this request stating that he 'had other sons', but was regardless unwilling to risk demonstrating his support for Henry.[26]
The rewards of battle
Following his victory on the field of battle, Henry Tudor received the circlet of Richard from Savage's uncle Lord Stanley and was crowned King of England, taking the throne as Henry VII of England.[27] For his part in the victory, Savage received extensive grants of land confiscated from King Richard's supporters in the counties of Nottinghamshire, Derbyshire, Leicestershire and Shropshire, including those of John, Lord Zouche, and Francis, Lord Lovell. The reason given for these grants was that they were made 'in consideration of his having largely exposed himself, with a crowd of his kinsmen, servants and friends, as volunteers in the king’s service in the battle against the King's great adversary Richard III the late pretended King of England, and also in consideration of other services rendered, always with anxious solicitude during prosperity as well as adversity'. Amongst the properties Sir John Savage received were the castle, manor and lordship of Gresley (Castle Gresley), and Kymbley (Kimberley) along with the manors and lordships of Grandby (Granby) and Sutton (all in Nottinghamshire), the manor and lordships of Elmeton (Elmton), Holmesfeld (Holmesfield) and Ilkeston (as well as a coal mine in Ilkeston) in Derbyshire, the manor and lordship of Shepeshed (Shepshed) in Leicestershire and 22s rent in the then town of Leicester, as well as the manors and lordships of Sutton Hubybunderell, Watton, Corston and Eudunburnell in the county of Shropshire (then known as Salop) taken from the estates of Francis, Lord Lovell.[28]
![An etching of the effigy of Archbishop Thomas Savage (brother of Sir John Savage)](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Archbishop_Savage.png/220px-Archbishop_Savage.png)
Sir John's brother, Dr Thomas Savage, also benefited greatly from Henry's ascension to the throne. Previously only a
The Stafford and Lovell rebellion and the right of sanctuary
In 1486, the year following his victory at Bosworth, King Henry sent Savage to arrest Sir Humphrey Stafford and his brother Thomas Stafford, who were key actors in the Stafford and Lovell rebellion, the first armed uprising against Henry's young reign. Savage led a force of 60 armed men to Culham where the two were seeking sanctuary in a church belonging to Abingdon Abbey[34] (having previously claimed sanctuary in Colchester following the Battle of Bosworth, before leaving and continuing their campaigns against the king)[35] and had them forcibly removed. The men had again claimed the right of sanctuary and believed themselves safe within the Abbey's walls. Their forced removal outraged the Abbot who sent a written complaint to the authorities about what he saw as an infringement of his abbey’s ancient privileges as a place of sanctuary.[36] However when the two men were tried before the Court of King's Bench the justices ruled that sanctuary was not applicable in cases of treason[37] Henry then ordered the execution of Sir Humphrey Stafford of Grafton, but pardoned the younger Thomas Stafford. This event prompted a series of protests to Pope Innocent VIII over the breaking of the right of sanctuary.[38] In addition to these protests, King Henry sent a letter to the Pope detailing several instances where dissidents had claimed sanctuary before carrying out hostile actions such as pillaging properties of the King's supporters, before simply returning to sanctuary.[39] These pleas resulted in a papal bull in August of the same year which agreed to some modifications affecting the privilege.[40] Namely that individuals could not return to a place of sanctuary should they commit crimes after leaving the premises,[41] validating the actions of King Henry and Sir John Savage towards the Stafford brothers.[42] The Pope also told the English clergy that they would lose all rights to his protection should they collaborate with the King's enemies.[43]
The Battle of Stoke Field and appointment to the Most Noble Order of the Garter
Savage was later one of the two main cavalry commanders (the other having been Lord Scales, with Savage commanding the larger left flank of cavalry) at what is considered to have been the final battle of the Wars of the Roses, the Battle of Stoke Field in 1487,[44] a conflict stemming from an attempt by leading Yorkists to unseat King Henry in favour of the pretender Lambert Simnel. The battle was a decisive victory with almost all the leading Yorkists killed, and never again would a battle be fought along Yorkist and Lancastrian lines.[45] The pretender Lambert Simnel was not executed or even imprisoned, this owing to his young age and the belief that he had been led astray. He instead received employment, first in the royal kitchens and later as a falconer.[46] Savage was further rewarded for his service to the King, the following year on 16 February 1488 he received fresh grants of land,[47] and later on 16 November 1488 the King appointed Savage a knight of the Order of the Garter, (the most senior order of knighthood in England, whose membership is limited to only 24 knights and is granted by the monarch alone) having already been made a Knight of the Bath and a Knight banneret.[48]
Perkin Warbeck and the expedition to France
![A contemporary portrait of Perkin Warbeck - Pretender to the English throne](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Perkin_Warbeck.jpg/220px-Perkin_Warbeck.jpg)
In October 1492, following the appearance of another pretender to the throne of England in the form of a young Flemish male named
Death and legacy
The Siege of Boulogne
Henry VII's expeditionary force headed to
Legacy of the siege
The siege proved to be a successful show of force, and led to the
Warbeck was eventually captured following the second of his two landings in England, and the collapse of the army he had raised.[63] He was later executed following an escape attempt.[64] Savage's uncle Sir William Stanley was also later executed for allegedly supporting Warbeck, although the evidence was only circumstantial. Such was the perceived threat posed by Warbeck that no leniency could be afforded, even for those who had helped put Henry on the throne.[65]
Burial of Sir John Savage
Savage's body was taken back to England and buried. His body was later moved to the Savage Chapel, the new family chapel at
Notes
- 1.^ The year of Savage's birth is not certain but it is estimated he was around 21 at the time he received his initial knighthood, meaning he was likely born in or around the year 1444
References
- ^ Lee, Sidney, eds. Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Volume 50 p. 388
- ^ Crossley, Fred. H. (1925) Titus Wilson and Son. Mediaeval monumental effigies remaining in Cheshire, p. 24
- ^ Armstrong, George Francis. (1888) M. Ward & Company. The ancient and noble family of the Savages of the Ards. pp. 15–16
- ^ Armstrong, George Francis. (1888) M. Ward & Company. The ancient and noble family of the Savages of the Ards. p. 24
- ^ Armstrong, George Francis. (1888) M. Ward & Company. The ancient and noble family of the Savages of the Ards. p. 17
- ^ Crossley, Fred. H. (1925) Titus Wilson and Son. Mediaeval monumental effigies remaining in Cheshire, p. 24
- ^ Richardson, Douglas. Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families, 5 vols., ed. Kimball G. Everingham. Vol IV. (1618) Douglas Richardson pp. 557–558
- ^ J. Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials Relating Chiefly to Religion, and the Reformation of it, Vol. III part 1, pp. 172–73 (Internet Archive).
- ^ Carleton, Kenneth. Edmund Bonner : Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
- ^ Foxe, John: Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1563). p. 249
- ^ Lee, Sidney, eds. Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Volume 50 p. 388
- ^ Shaw, William Arthur. (1906) Sherratt and Hughes. The Knights of England: A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland, p. 17
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 304
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 306
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 306
- ^ Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Volume 50. p. 389
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 306
- ^ Rowse, A. L. (1998) Wordsworth Editions Ltd. Bosworth Field and the Wars of the Roses. p. 219
- ^ Shaw, William Arthur. (1906) Sherratt and Hughes. The Knights of England: A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland, p. 17
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. pp. 306–7
- ^ Lysons, Daniel: Magna Britannia, being a concise topographical account of the several counties of Great Britain volume II. p. 755
- ^ Hales, John W. & Furnivall, Frederick J. Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript: Volume III. [Text taken from The Ballad of Bosworth Fielde] (2020) reprint Salzwasser-Verlag. pp. 233-59
- ^ Hales, John W. & Furnivall, Frederick J. Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript: Volume III. [Text taken from The Ballad of Bosworth Fielde] (2020) reprint Salzwasser-Verlag. p. 353
- ^ Brereton, H. The most pleasant song of Lady Bessy: the eldest daughter of King Edward the Fourth, and how she married King Henry the Seventh of the House of Lancaster [Text taken from the Ballad of Lady Bessy a near contemporary primary source] (2018) Forgotten Books. p. 46
- ^ Vergil, Polydore. Anglica Historia. p. 224
- ^ Rowse, A. L. (1998) Wordsworth Editions Ltd. Bosworth Field and the Wars of the Roses. p. 219
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 306
- ^ Campbell, W. Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII. Volume I. (2012) Cambridge University Press. p. 364
- ^ Smith, Robert F.W. & Watson, Gemma L. Writing the Lives of People and Things, AD 500-1700. (2015) Routledge. pp. 103–5
- ^ Woolfson, Jonathan. Padua and the Tudors: English Students in Italy, 1485-1603. (1998) University of Toronto Press. p. 62
- ^ Pryde, E. B. Greenway, D. E. Porter, S. Roy, I. (1996) Cambridge University Press. Handbook of British Chronology. p. 268
- ^ Pryde, E. B. Greenway, D. E. Porter, S. Roy, I. (1996) Cambridge University Press. Handbook of British Chronology. p. 283
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 307
- ^ Williams, C. H: "The Rebellion of Humphrey Stafford in 1486". (1928) Oxford University Press. pp. 186 & 71
- ^ Kaufman, Peter Iver: Henry VII and Sanctuary. (2009) Cambridge University Press. p. 473
- ^ Seward, D. The Last White Rose: The Secret Wars of the Tudors. Easter 1486: Lord Lovell and the Stafford Brothers. (2011) Constable. p. 4
- ISBN 9781851093588. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ Weber, Nicholas (1910). ""Pope Innocent VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 8". New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ Kaufman, Peter Iver: Henry VII and Sanctuary. (2009) Cambridge University Press. p. 473
- ^ Weber, Nicholas (1910). ""Pope Innocent VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 8". New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ De Mazzinghi, Thomas John: Sanctuaries. (2008) BiblioBazaar. p. 112
- ^ Weber, Nicholas (1910). ""Pope Innocent VIII." The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 8". New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 3 October 2021.
- ^ Kaufman, Peter Iver: Henry VII and Sanctuary. (2009) Cambridge University Press. p. 473
- ^ Molinet, Jean: Chroniques de Jean Molinet (1474-1506), ed. G. Doutrepont and O. Jodogne. p. 564
- ^ Baldwin, D. Stoke Field: The Last Battle of the Wars of the Roses. (2006) Pen & Sword Books Ltd. p. 100
- ^ Vergil, Polydore. Anglica Historia. p. 74
- ^ Lee, Sidney. Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Volume 50. p. 338
- ^ List of Knights of the Garter on heraldica.org
- ^ Cope, William: Account of William Cope, Deputy of Reynolde Bray, Treasurer of War, from 31 January 1492 - 31 January 1501.
- ^ Lockyer, Roger: Thrush, Andrew: Henry VII. pp. 80–81
- ^ Cope, William: Account of William Cope, Deputy of Reynolde Bray, Treasurer of War, from 31 January 1492 - 31 January 1501.
- ^ Powicke, M. R. & Sandquist T. A. Essays in Medieval History. (1969) University of Toronto Press. p. 373
- ^ Cope, William: Account of William Cope, Deputy of Reynolde Bray, Treasurer of War, from 31 January 1492 - 31 January 1501.
- ^ Lockyer, Roger: Thrush, Andrew: Henry VII. pp. 80–81
- ^ Lockyer, Roger: Thrush, Andrew: Henry VII. pp. 80–81
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 308
- ^ Lee, Sidney, eds. Dictionary of National Biography (2004). Volume 50. p. 339
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 308
- ^ Vergil, Polydore. Anglica Historia. p. 59
- ^ Wright, Edmund. Treaty of Etaples in A Dictionary of World History. p. 530
- ^ Hall, Edward. Chronicle containing the History of England. (2018) Forgotten Books. pp. 452–3
- ^ Cope, William: Account of William Cope, Deputy of Reynolde Bray, Treasurer of War, from 31 January 1492 - 31 January 1501.
- ^ Seacome, John (1821). The History of the House of Stanley. Retrieved 4 December 2011. p. 55
- ^ Goble, Rachel (11 November 1999). "The Execution of Perkin Warbeck". History Today (11). Retrieved 10 October 2016.
- ^ Seaacome, John (1821). The History of the House of Stanley. Retrieved 4 December 2011. p. 55
- ^ Richards, Raymond (1947), Old Cheshire Churches, B.T. Batsford. pp. 205–212
- ^ Arnold, Morris: Green, Thomas A: Scully, Sally A: White, Stephen D: (editors). (1976) The University of North Carolina Press. On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne. p. 308
Bibliography
Contemporary and near contemporary sources
- Polydore Vergil. Anglica Historia
- The Ballad of Lady Bessy
- The Ballad of Bosworth Field
- Account of William Cope, Deputy of Reynolde Bray, Treasurer of War, from 31 January 1492 - 31 January 1501.
- Jean Molinet. Chroniques de Jean Molinet (1474-1506), edited by G. Doutrepont and O. Jodogne, Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium, Brussels, 1935-7
- John Foxe. Foxe's Book of Martyrs (1563
Secondary sources
- Armstrong, George Francis (1888). The ancient and noble family of the Savages of the Ards. London.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Arnold, Morris, S (1976). On the Laws and Customs of England: Essays in Honor of Samuel E. Thorne (Studies in Legal History). The University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 0807878146.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Baldwin, David (2006). Stoke Field: The Last Battle of the Wars of the Roses. Pen & Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 1844151662.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Brereton, Humphrey (2018). The most pleasant song of Lady Bessy: the eldest daughter of King Edward the Fourth, and how she married King Henry the Seventh of the House of Lancaster. Forgotten Books. London. ISBN 978-0260008589.) (Text taken from the Ballad of Lady Bessy a near contemporary primary source)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Campbell, William (2014). Materials for a History of the Reign of Henry VII. Cambridge. ISBN 9781139226080.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - "Bonner, Edmund". doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/2850. (Subscription or UK public library membershiprequired.)
- Crossley, Fred H (1924). Mediaeval monumental effigies remaining in Cheshire. Liverpool: The Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire.
- Furnivall, Frederick J; Hales, John W (1868). The Ballad of Bosworth Fielde (found in Bishop Percy's Folio Manuscript: Ballads and Romances). London.
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Hall, Edward (1809). Chronicle containing the History of England. London.
- Kaufman, Peter Iver (December 1984). "Henry VII and Sanctuary". Church History. 53 (4): 465–476. JSTOR 3166117.
- Lee, Sidney (1897). Dictionary of National Biography Vol 50. London. ISBN 1844151662.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Lysons, Daniel (1808). Magna Britannia, Vol. 2, Cheshire: Being a Concise Topographical Account of the Several Counties of Great Britain. London.
- Powicke, M. R.; Sandquist, T. A. (1969). Essays in Medieval History. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. ISBN 9781487582197.
- Pryde, E. B.; Greenway, D.E.; Porter, S.; Roy, I (1996). Handbook of British Chronology. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521563505.
- Richards, Raymond (1947). Old Cheshire Churches. London: B.T. Batsford. ISBN 0901598909.
- Richardson, Douglas (1618). Royal Ancestry: A Study in Colonial and Medieval Families. Douglas Richardson. ISBN 1463561687.
- ISBN 1-85326-691-4.
- Seacome, John (1821). The History of the House of Stanley. Manchester: J Gleave.
- Seward, Terry (2017). The Last White Rose: The Secret Wars of the Tudors. New York: Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1605988382.
- Shaw, William, Arthur (1906). The Knights of England: A complete record from the earliest time to the present day of the knights of all the orders of chivalry in England, Scotland, and Ireland, and of knights bachelors, incorporating a complete list of knights bachelors dubbed in Ireland. Alpha Editions. ISBN 9789354031694.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - Smith, Robert F.W.; Watson, Gemma L. (2015). Writing the Lives of People and Things, AD 500-1700. Farnham: Ashgate. ISBN 9781472450678.
- Strype, John (1822). Ecclesiastical Memorials: Relating Chiefly to Religion, and the Reformation of it and the Emergencies of the Church of England Under King Henry VIII., King Edward VI., and Queen Mary I., with Large Appendixes, Containing Original Papers, Records, [etc.] Oxford.
- Velde, François (2014). "List of the Knights of the Garter". Journal of Medieval and Early Modern Studies. 35 (1): 9.
- Wagner, John A (2001). "Lovell-Stafford Uprising (1486)", Encyclopedia of the Wars of the Roses. Cambridge. ISBN 9781851093588.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Woolfson, Jonathan (1998). Padua and the Tudors: English Students in Italy. James Clarke. ISBN 0227679423.
- Wright, Edmund (2015). A Dictionary of World History - Treaty of Etaples. Oxford. ISBN 9780199685691.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link
External links
- Stephens, Henry Morse; Thornton, Tim (reviewer) (May 2008) [2004]. "Savage family". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Burke's Peerage & Baronetage
- Goble, Rachel (11 November 1999). "The Execution of Perkin Warbeck". History Today (11). Retrieved 10 October 2016.